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1. BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
Definition: Biodiversity refers to the variety & variability among all
groups of living organisms & the ecosystem complexes in which
they occur.
Types of Biodiversity:
1) Genetic Diversity
2) Species Diversity
3) Ecosystem Diversity
Value of Biodiversity:
1)Consumptive use value: food, drugs & medicines, fuel etc.
2) Productive use value: silk, wool, musk, ivory etc.
3) Social value: social life, customs, religion & psycho-spiritual
aspects.
4) Ethical value: “ Live & Let Live”.
5) Aesthetic value:
6)Option value: study & research.
7) Ecosystem service value:

2. BiogeIndia's major Biogeographic habitats:
ographical classification of India

3. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AT NATIONAL LEVEL
• INDIAN BIODIVERSITY
• India stands 10th among the plant rich countries of the
world
• 11th in terms of endemic species of higher vertebrates
• 6th among the centers of diversity & origin of agricultural
crops
• 1,50,000 total no. of living species are identified in our
country
• In the world total 25 biodiversity hot spots are there
• India is one of the 12 mega-biodiversity countries.
• INDIA AS A MEGA-DIVERSITY NATION:
• 47,000 species of plants i.e. 7% of global flora.

4. • 81,000 species of animals i.e. 6.5% of global fauna.
• 62% of amphibians & 50% lizards are endemic to India.
• Center of origin for nearly flowering plant species, 166 crop
species & 320 species of wild relatives of cultivated crops.
• More than 340 coral species of world are found in India.
HOT SPOTS OF BIODIVERSITY
Areas which exhibit high species richness as well as high species
endemism are termed as hot spots of biodiversity.
1) Eastern Himalaya
2) Western Ghats
Are the two hot spots of India.

5. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
• Loss of habitat ( habitat fragmentation)
• Poaching
• Man- wildlife conflicts:
1. Dwindling habitat.
2. Usually ill, weak & injured animals have a tendency
to attack human being.
3. Cultivation practices within sanctuaries.
4. Very often villagers put electric wiring around ripe
crop fields. Due to which animals are get injured &
turn violent.
5. Developmental activities affect migration of wild
animals.

6. ENDAGERED SPECIES OF INDIA

7. ENDAGERED SPECIES

8. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
• IN SITU
At present we have 7 biosphere reserves, 80
national parks, 420 wild life sanctuaries & 120
botanical gardens in India covering 4% of the
geographic area.
• EX SITU
Gene bank/ seed bank etc.