Biochem-lipids

1. BIOCHEMISTRY
LIPIDS

2. LIPIDS ARE SUBSTANCES THAT ARE:
1. FATTY ACIDS AND THEIR NATURALLY OCCURING COMPOUNDS AND
SUBSTANCES IN CHEMICALASSOCIATION
2. INSOLUBLE IN WATER BUT SOLUBLE IN FAT SOLVENTS SUCH AS
ETHER, CHLOROFORM AND BENZENE
3. ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS OR CAPABLE OF FORMING SUCH ESTERS.
4. UTILIZED BY LIVING ORGANISMS.
Question: what are fat solvents?

3. CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
I. SIMPLE LIPIDS
II. COMPOUND LIPIDS
III. DERIVED LIPIDS

4. SIMPLE LIPIDS
1. NEUTRAL FATS – GLYCEROL ESTERS (TRIGLYCERIDES) OIL
OF FATTY ACIDS (CHIEFLY OLEIC, STEARIC, PALMITIC, LINOLEIC).
2. WAXES – ESTERS OF HIGHER MONOATOMIC ALCOHOL WITH FATTY
ACIDS posses longer carbon chains.
3. VITAMIN A ESTERS – NORMALLY THEY ARE THE PALMITIC OR
STEARIC ACID ESTERS OF VITAMIN A, THE SO – CALLED COLORED
FATS WHICH ARE MONO OR D-ESTERS OF THE CAROTENELS
(should be included in this category), READILY HYDROLYZABLE.
4. VITAMIN D ESTERS – ORDINARILY OCCURS AS ESTERS.

5. COMPOUND OR CONJUGATE LIPIDS
1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS (PHOSPHATIDES) – CHARACTERIZED BY
THE PRESENCE OF AN ORTHPHOSPHATE MOLECULE AS AN
INTEGRAL PART OF THE STRUCTURE.
A. LECITHIN B. CEPHALIN – consist at least 3 types of
composed of compounds.
glycerol, (2 fatty a. phophatidylethanolamine
acids, one satura- b. phosphatidylserine
ted, one unsatura - c. phosphatidylinositol
ted) aid in the orga- C. SPHINGOMYELINE
zation of cell structure. D. PHOSPHATIDIC ACID

6. COMPOUND OR CONJUGATE LIPIDS
2. CEREBROSIDES – CONTAIN CARBOHYDRATE MOLECULE, FATTY
ACID AND ANDROGENOUS BASE BUT NO PHOSPHORIC ACID OR
GLYCEROL.
a. galactolipids
b. glucolipids
c. sulfolipids
d. gangliosides
3. LIPOPROTEIN – FOUND IN MAMMALIAN PLASMA COMPOSED OF
LIPID MATERIAL BOUND TOPROTEIN WHICH ELECTROPICALLY
MIGRATE WITH ALPHAAND B1 GLOBULIN FRACTIONS.

7. DERIVED LIPIDS
SUBSTANCES AS ACOMBINATION OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND LIPIDS
POSSESSING THE PROPERTIES OF SOLUBILITY IN EHTER AND INSO –
LUBLE IN WATER WHICH CONTAINS MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENTS
OF THE NON-SAPONIFIABLE EXTRACT/FRACTION.
1. FATTY ACIDS
2. ALCOHOLS
3. HYDROCARBONS
4. VITAMIN B
5. VITAMIN E
6. VITAMIN K

8. FATS
FATS ARE TRIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS:
AN EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE FAT IS TRISTEARIN;
WHILE MIXED FAT IS PALMITO OLEIC STEARIN.
FATTY ACIDS ARE HYDROLYTIC PRODUCT OF FAT
MINUS THE GLYCEROL COMPONENT.