1) The document is a project report on diseases of the human respiratory system submitted by three students. It includes an introduction on the functions of the respiratory system and common conditions that can affect it. 2) The report then examines several specific respiratory diseases in more depth, including asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders, and bronchitis. For each disease, it discusses causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment methods. 3) The document concludes with a bibliography citing sources like textbooks, articles, and reference books that were used to research the topic.

1. 1 page
ATMIYA VIDYAPEETH
SESSION: 2021-22
CLASS - XI SCIENCE
TITLE OF PROJECT:
“TO STUDY
THE DISEASES OF
HUMAN RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM”
SUBMITTED BY: Hitanshi Chavda
Hanna Freeja Kovvuri
Khushboo Sarowa
SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Sanjay Khatri

2. 2 page
Acknowledgment
We would like to express our special
thanks of gratitude to our Principal mam
Madhuri Devnani as well as our teacher
Sanjay Khatri sir who gave us the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic Study on Diseases of Human
Respiratory System, which also helped
us in doing a lot of research and we came
to know about so many new things.
We are really thankful to them. It helped
us in increasing our knowledge and skills.

3. 3 page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment............................................................................................................................ 2
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 4
→What does the respiratory system do?......................................................................... 4
→What conditions affect the respiratory system?............................................................. 5
ASTHMA .......................................................................................................................................... 6
→CAUSE.................................................................................................................................. 6
→SYMPTOM........................................................................................................................... 6
→PREVENTION AND CURE ..................................................................................................... 6
EMPHYSEMA................................................................................................................................... 7
→CAUSE.................................................................................................................................. 7
→SYMPTOMS ......................................................................................................................... 7
→PREVENTION AND CURE ..................................................................................................... 7
OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISORDERS.................................................................................... 8
→CAUSES................................................................................................................................ 8
→SYMPTOMS ......................................................................................................................... 8
→PREVENTION AND CURE ..................................................................................................... 8
BRONCHITIS..................................................................................................................................... 9
→SYMPTOMS ......................................................................................................................... 9
→CAUSE................................................................................................................................ 10
→PREVENTION AND CURE ................................................................................................... 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................................................................................................. 11

4. 4 page
INTRODUCTION
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you
breathe. It includes your airways, lungs and blood vessels. The muscles that
power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work
together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases
like carbon dioxide.
What does the respiratory system do?

5. 5 page
The respiratory system has many functions. Besides helping you
inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out), it:
 Warms air to match your body temperature and moisturizes it to the
humidity level your body needs.
 Delivers oxygen to the cells in your body.
 Removes waste gases, including carbon dioxide, from the body when
you exhale.
 Protects your airways from harmful substances and irritants.
What conditions affect the respiratory system?
Many conditions can affect the organs and tissues that make up the respiratory
system. Some develop due to irritants you breathe in from the air, including
viruses or bacteria that cause infection. Others occur as a result of disease or
getting older.
Conditions that can cause inflammation (swelling, irritation and pain) or
otherwise affect the respiratory system include:
 Allergies: Inhaling proteins, such as dust, mold, and pollen, can cause
respiratory allergies in some people. These proteins can cause
inflammation in your airways.
 Asthma: A chronic (long-term) disorder, asthma causes inflammation in
the airways that can make breathing difficult.
 Infection: Infections can lead to pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs)
or bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchial tubes). Common
respiratory infections include the flu (influenza) or a cold.
 Disease: Respiratory disorders include lung cancer and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These illnesses can harm the
respiratory system’s ability to deliver oxygen throughout the body and
filter out waste gases.
 Aging: Lung capacity decreases as you get older.
 Damage: Damage to the respiratory system can cause breathing
problems.

6. 6 page
ASTHMA
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. It is
characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow
obstruction, and easily triggered bronchospasms.
CAUSE
Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and
environmental factors.
 Infections like sinusitis, colds, and the flu.
 Allergens such as pollens, mold, pet dander, and dust mites.
 Irritants like strong odors from perfumes or cleaning solutions.
 Air pollution.
 Tobacco smoke.
 Cold air or changes in the weather, such as temperature or humidity.
SYMPTOM
PREVENTION AND CURE
1. Stay Away From Allergens.
2. Avoid Smoke of Any Type.
3. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy and inhalers for symptomatic relief.

7. 7 page
EMPHYSEMA
Emphysema, is a lower respiratory tract disease. Emphysema causes
irreversible distension and loss of elasticity of alveoli of the lungs. Hence,
there is no permanent cure for the disease.
CAUSE
Smoking tobacco for prolonged periods of time or bacterial infectious
diseases impairs the functioning of the alveolar sac and bronchiole.
SYMPTOMS
 Shortness of breath, especially during light exercise or climbing steps.
 Long-term cough or “smoker's cough”
 Wheezing.
 Long-term mucus production.
 Ongoing fatigue.
PREVENTION AND CURE
One must avoid smoking and air pollutants.
Its treatment is symptomatic. Bronchodilators, antibiotics and oxygen
therapy are used.

8. 8 page
OCCUPATIONAL RESPIRATORY DISORDERS
Occupational respiratory disorders are defined as any disorder which affects
the respiratory system by long-term inhalation of chemicals, proteins, and
dust. For instance, Asbestosis that is caused by the inhalation of asbestos
dust.
CAUSES
 Fumes from metals.
 Smoke from burning organic materials.
 Sprays of varnish, paint, acids, and pesticides.
 Dust from cotton, silica, coal, drug powders and pesticides.
 Gases from industries e.g., Ammonia, chlorine and nitrogen oxides.
SYMPTOMS
 Coughing
 Shortness of breath, which often gets worse with activity
 Chest pain
 Chest tightness
 Abnormal breathing patterns
PREVENTION AND CURE
 Minimize the exposure of harmful dust at the work place.
 Workers should be informed about the harm of the exposure to such
dusts.
 Workers must use the protective gears and clothing at the work
place.
 Health of the workers should be regularly checked up.
 Workers should be given holiday from duty at short intervals in such
areas.
There is no permanent cure for this diseases. The patient is provided with
symptomatic treatment such as bronchodilators and antibiotics for
secondary infection.

9. 9 page
BRONCHITIS
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which
carry air to and from your lungs. People who have bronchitis often cough up
thickened mucus, which can be discolored. Bronchitis may be either acute
or chronic.
SYMPTOMS
 Cough
 Production of mucus(sputum)
 Fatigue
 Shortness of breathe
 Slight fever and chills
 Chest discomfort
In acute bronchitis, you have cold symptoms, such as a mild headache or
body aches which may last for a week.
Chronic bronchitis is defined as a productive cough that lasts at least three
months, with recurring bouts occurring for at least two consecutive years.

10. 10 page
CAUSE
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, typically the same viruses that cause
colds and flu (influenza).
Chronic bronchitis may be caused by cigarette smoking and exposure to air
pollutants like carbon monoxide.
PREVENTION AND CURE
 Avoid cigarette smoke.
 Get vaccinated.
 Wash your hands
 Wear a surgical mask
TREATMENT: The underlying infection of the disease is treated with suitable
antibiotics. Bronchodilator drugs are used to widen the bronchial passage by
relaxing the smooth muscles. It provides symptomatic relief.

11. 11 page
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 NCERT textbook class XI
 Articles from various blogs
 Reference books