This document provides information about It Works!, a multi-level marketing company that sells skin care and weight loss products. It introduces the corporate leadership team and describes some customer success stories. It also lists the ingredients for some popular It Works! products like the Ultimate Body Applicator and Defining Gel.
Kira Labs is a cosmetic manufacturer that specializes in private label skin care products. They have been in business since 2003 developing custom formulas to meet client needs. Kira Labs prides itself on manufacturing high quality products according to GMP and FDA guidelines using the latest active ingredients. They produce formulas for a wide range of clients globally and are known for their innovative approach and quick product development process.
This document contains a price list for various SKU products organized into categories. It provides the product name, number of reward points, regular price, and preferred customer (PC) price for each item. The price list includes products for sports nutrition, children's health, hot beverages, cleaners, laundry supplies, health supplements, pet care, essential oils, and more. It also notes some items as limited time offers, suitable for vegetarian or halal diets, or while stock lasts.
CBD (cannabidiol) is a phytonutrient commonly extracted from the hemp plant and associated with therapeutic applications.CBD oil has been found to reduce blood pressure, alleviate stress, & speed up the recovery of muscles that have experiencedinjury or overuse.To know more visit: https://www.kineticmassageworks.com/
How to Become a BWL Distributor Presentationmarkmaramag
- BWI is the first and only direct selling company listed on the main board of the Singapore stock exchange.
- It has regional centers in 10 countries and a presence in over 40 countries worldwide.
- The document discusses Optrimax Plum Delite, a weight loss product from BWI that contains pickled plums, probiotics, green tea and pu-er tea. It then shares testimonials from customers who lost weight using the product.
Personal trainer course how to learn fast gervasio da gloriaGervasio Da Gloria
This issue of Choice Health & Wellbeing magazine focuses on complementary health, education, and wellbeing. It provides articles on aromatherapy, Ayurveda and yoga, business support, complementary therapies, health and nutrition, integrated healthcare, natural beauty, personal development, training and education. The editor encourages readers to offer pampering products and services to customers throughout the year for gifts or self-care. Key services discussed are therapy, maintenance, and pamper services to support ongoing client wellness.
In cooperation with the Abu Dhabi Government, SIAL Middle East gathered F&B buyers, suppliers, investors, ministers, and industry experts for four main reasons:
•to develop export potential across the region for food and beverage products
•to initiate an integrated food policy for GCC countries
•to familiarise home-grown companies with global experiences and practices
•to introduce international food companies to a region hosting over 2 billion consumers
The result: the largest and best attended business event launched in Abu Dhabi last year.
John E. Haines founded Caflo Corporation in Brazil in 2007 to provide triple play telecommunication services including voice, broadband, and cable TV to high-rise residential and commercial buildings in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Caflo has several new and existing residential projects underway in Saint Barth, Saint Martin, and Cidade Jardim. The document also discusses companies called CyberCare Technologies, VideoLan Technologies, Sprint Communications, and their innovations and accomplishments.
Este documento presenta nueve problemas aritméticos de suma y resta con números de dos dígitos y sus respectivas soluciones. Las operaciones incluyen restas como 65 - 34 y sumas como 89 + 24, con las respuestas correctas enlistadas al final.
Kira Labs is a cosmetic manufacturer that specializes in private label skin care products. They have been in business since 2003 developing custom formulas to meet client needs. Kira Labs prides itself on manufacturing high quality products according to GMP and FDA guidelines using the latest active ingredients. They produce formulas for a wide range of clients globally and are known for their innovative approach and quick product development process.
This document contains a price list for various SKU products organized into categories. It provides the product name, number of reward points, regular price, and preferred customer (PC) price for each item. The price list includes products for sports nutrition, children's health, hot beverages, cleaners, laundry supplies, health supplements, pet care, essential oils, and more. It also notes some items as limited time offers, suitable for vegetarian or halal diets, or while stock lasts.
CBD (cannabidiol) is a phytonutrient commonly extracted from the hemp plant and associated with therapeutic applications.CBD oil has been found to reduce blood pressure, alleviate stress, & speed up the recovery of muscles that have experiencedinjury or overuse.To know more visit: https://www.kineticmassageworks.com/
How to Become a BWL Distributor Presentationmarkmaramag
- BWI is the first and only direct selling company listed on the main board of the Singapore stock exchange.
- It has regional centers in 10 countries and a presence in over 40 countries worldwide.
- The document discusses Optrimax Plum Delite, a weight loss product from BWI that contains pickled plums, probiotics, green tea and pu-er tea. It then shares testimonials from customers who lost weight using the product.
Personal trainer course how to learn fast gervasio da gloriaGervasio Da Gloria
This issue of Choice Health & Wellbeing magazine focuses on complementary health, education, and wellbeing. It provides articles on aromatherapy, Ayurveda and yoga, business support, complementary therapies, health and nutrition, integrated healthcare, natural beauty, personal development, training and education. The editor encourages readers to offer pampering products and services to customers throughout the year for gifts or self-care. Key services discussed are therapy, maintenance, and pamper services to support ongoing client wellness.
In cooperation with the Abu Dhabi Government, SIAL Middle East gathered F&B buyers, suppliers, investors, ministers, and industry experts for four main reasons:
•to develop export potential across the region for food and beverage products
•to initiate an integrated food policy for GCC countries
•to familiarise home-grown companies with global experiences and practices
•to introduce international food companies to a region hosting over 2 billion consumers
The result: the largest and best attended business event launched in Abu Dhabi last year.
John E. Haines founded Caflo Corporation in Brazil in 2007 to provide triple play telecommunication services including voice, broadband, and cable TV to high-rise residential and commercial buildings in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. Caflo has several new and existing residential projects underway in Saint Barth, Saint Martin, and Cidade Jardim. The document also discusses companies called CyberCare Technologies, VideoLan Technologies, Sprint Communications, and their innovations and accomplishments.
Este documento presenta nueve problemas aritméticos de suma y resta con números de dos dígitos y sus respectivas soluciones. Las operaciones incluyen restas como 65 - 34 y sumas como 89 + 24, con las respuestas correctas enlistadas al final.
This document summarizes the products and services offered by an independent distributor of a multi-level marketing company called It Works. It describes body slimming wraps, facial applicators, nutritional supplements, weight loss programs and testimonials from customers who achieved positive results such as weight loss, skin tightening and increased energy using the products.
This document provides an overview of stars and galaxies for middle school students. It begins by discussing our place in the universe and then covers the electromagnetic spectrum, classifying stars, classifying galaxies, and the history of the universe. Key topics include the components of the universe (stars, gas, dust, clusters, nebulae, galaxies), different types of stars and galaxies (spiral, elliptical, irregular), and how stars are born, evolve over time, and die.
Laura Leichum: "Lessons from Inside the Digital Silo," for the "E-book Nuts a...Krista Coulson
"Lessons from Inside the Digital Silo"
Laura Leichum's (Intellectual Property Manager, Georgetown University Press) presentation for the 2012 AAUP panel "E-book Nuts and Bolts"
The document discusses accounting terms and assumptions, including defining accounting and its objectives, the key financial statements, and providing an overview of the statement of financial position. It explains that the statement of financial position demonstrates a company's financial position at a point in time and serves as a starting point for understanding the other financial statements by showing assets, liabilities, and owners' equity. The balance sheet is prepared at set times, such as the end of each year, month, or week to capture a company's financial standing.
This document summarizes a lecture on iPhone application development. It discusses Objective-C and the Foundation framework. It also covers announcements about the enrollment process and office hours. Key topics from the lecture include Objective-C classes and instances, inheritance, messaging syntax, and common Foundation classes like NSString and NSObject.
This document provides essential hotkeys for Mac OS X and Xcode. For Mac OS X, it lists common keyboard shortcuts like command-x for cut, command-c for copy, and command-v for paste. It also covers using command-space for spotlight search, command-w to close windows, and command-q to quit applications. For Xcode, it outlines shortcuts like escape for auto-complete, command-enter to build and run, command/ to toggle comments, and option-command-up arrow to switch between header and source files.
This document provides information about the Pathways to Higher Education Project managed by the Center for Advancement of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Engineering Sciences (CAPSCU) at Cairo University. It acknowledges funding and support from the Ford Foundation. It introduces the project's steering committee members and partners including Cairo University faculties, the Future Generation Foundation, and the National Council for Women. It also provides background on CAPSCU and its role in managing the Pathways project, which aims to enhance the skills of Egyptian university graduates.
The document discusses a lecture on iPhone application development that covers views, drawing, and animation. It provides information on views including view fundamentals, the view hierarchy, view structures like frames and bounds, and creating and manipulating views. It also discusses drawing in views by overriding the drawRect method and using Core Graphics for drawing operations.
تطوير الذاكرة تعلم كيف تحفظ 56 كلمة كل 10 دقائقMahmoud
The document contains mathematical equations and symbols. It discusses brain structure including the neo-cortex, mammalian brain, and reptile brain. It also references logic and imagination.
The document describes an "Ultimate Body Applicator" product that is a cloth wrap infused with a cream formula. It claims to tighten, tone, and firm the body area where applied in as little as 45 minutes through a combination of natural ingredients. The applicator is meant to be placed on areas like the stomach, back, arms, or legs and left on for 45 minutes up to overnight for maximum results. Frequently asked questions provide more details on how to use the applicator, expected results, and safety information.
The document describes an "Ultimate Body Applicator" product that is a cloth wrap infused with a cream formula. It claims to tighten, tone, firm skin and minimize cellulite in just 45 minutes. The applicator is used by applying it to areas like the stomach, back, arms, or legs for 45 minutes. It contains natural ingredients and is intended to be used once every 72 hours for progressive results. Frequently asked questions about how to use and results from the product are also answered.
The document describes an "Ultimate Body Applicator" product that is a cloth wrap infused with a cream formula. It claims to tighten, tone, firm, minimize cellulite and improve skin texture in as little as 45 minutes when applied to areas like the stomach, back, arms, or legs. The wrap comes with 4 applicators and directions to use each one time for 45 minutes before discarding and repeating after 72 hours. It lists natural ingredients in the cream and answers frequently asked questions about using the product and expected results.
Kiralabs Private Label Portfolio - ERA Vegaskiralabs
Kira Labs is a cosmetic manufacturer that specializes in private label skin care products. They have been in business since 2003 developing custom formulas to meet client needs. Kira Labs prides itself on manufacturing high quality products according to GMP and FDA guidelines using the latest active ingredients. They produce formulas for a wide range of clients globally and are known for their innovative approach and quick product development process.
DXN is one of the leading health care solution provider with network marketing capabilities. Being the stockist of DXN health care products DXN Thalassery - Gano Palace, Thalassery, kannur, kerala - 670103 provides opportunities for people to experience the great health products from DXN network. For more info visit us at www.dxnthalassery.com
Reviva Labs Skin Care 2023 Corporate PresentationWilliam Levins
Simple skincare product and corporate overview presentation for Reviva Labs - The Natural Skin Care Authority®.
Reviva Labs creates safe, effective natural skin care treatments that produce visible results. It’s why skin care enthusiasts have fallen in love with our skin care over the last 50 years and why Reviva has become the natural skin care trusted for generations. Cruelty free and without harmful ingredients, our products combine the best of nature and science – from brightening and hydrating to anti-aging and revitalizing – and everything in between – Reviva has it covered.
The document introduces Soul Purpose, a company that sells organic beauty, wellness, and lifestyle products. It aims to empower people by providing entrepreneurial opportunities through its direct sales model. Consultants can earn extra income and customers can purchase products like skin care, aromatherapy, supplements and more to rejuvenate and pamper themselves. The company focuses on social responsibility and creating a "green" business model.
- Total Life Changes (TLC) is an international MLM company founded 13 years ago that sells health products like teas and supplements.
- TLC is headquartered in Chesterfield, Michigan and operates in over 100 countries worldwide.
- In addition to teas, TLC sells supplements, vitamins, and other products and promotes them using multi-level marketing.
This document provides tips for maintaining a healthy body weight and losing weight effectively through long-term lifestyle changes rather than crash dieting. It recommends drinking water instead of sugary drinks, embracing the feeling of hunger to burn more fat, making smart choices with more filling foods, starting exercise slowly, not getting discouraged by setbacks, and using a fitness app to track calories and activities. Counting calories can be educational and help adjust eating habits over time. Forming new healthy habits gradually through repetition is key to long-term weight control.
This document summarizes the products and services offered by an independent distributor of a multi-level marketing company called It Works. It describes body slimming wraps, facial applicators, nutritional supplements, weight loss programs and testimonials from customers who achieved positive results such as weight loss, skin tightening and increased energy using the products.
This document provides an overview of stars and galaxies for middle school students. It begins by discussing our place in the universe and then covers the electromagnetic spectrum, classifying stars, classifying galaxies, and the history of the universe. Key topics include the components of the universe (stars, gas, dust, clusters, nebulae, galaxies), different types of stars and galaxies (spiral, elliptical, irregular), and how stars are born, evolve over time, and die.
Laura Leichum: "Lessons from Inside the Digital Silo," for the "E-book Nuts a...Krista Coulson
"Lessons from Inside the Digital Silo"
Laura Leichum's (Intellectual Property Manager, Georgetown University Press) presentation for the 2012 AAUP panel "E-book Nuts and Bolts"
The document discusses accounting terms and assumptions, including defining accounting and its objectives, the key financial statements, and providing an overview of the statement of financial position. It explains that the statement of financial position demonstrates a company's financial position at a point in time and serves as a starting point for understanding the other financial statements by showing assets, liabilities, and owners' equity. The balance sheet is prepared at set times, such as the end of each year, month, or week to capture a company's financial standing.
This document summarizes a lecture on iPhone application development. It discusses Objective-C and the Foundation framework. It also covers announcements about the enrollment process and office hours. Key topics from the lecture include Objective-C classes and instances, inheritance, messaging syntax, and common Foundation classes like NSString and NSObject.
This document provides essential hotkeys for Mac OS X and Xcode. For Mac OS X, it lists common keyboard shortcuts like command-x for cut, command-c for copy, and command-v for paste. It also covers using command-space for spotlight search, command-w to close windows, and command-q to quit applications. For Xcode, it outlines shortcuts like escape for auto-complete, command-enter to build and run, command/ to toggle comments, and option-command-up arrow to switch between header and source files.
This document provides information about the Pathways to Higher Education Project managed by the Center for Advancement of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Engineering Sciences (CAPSCU) at Cairo University. It acknowledges funding and support from the Ford Foundation. It introduces the project's steering committee members and partners including Cairo University faculties, the Future Generation Foundation, and the National Council for Women. It also provides background on CAPSCU and its role in managing the Pathways project, which aims to enhance the skills of Egyptian university graduates.
The document discusses a lecture on iPhone application development that covers views, drawing, and animation. It provides information on views including view fundamentals, the view hierarchy, view structures like frames and bounds, and creating and manipulating views. It also discusses drawing in views by overriding the drawRect method and using Core Graphics for drawing operations.
تطوير الذاكرة تعلم كيف تحفظ 56 كلمة كل 10 دقائقMahmoud
The document contains mathematical equations and symbols. It discusses brain structure including the neo-cortex, mammalian brain, and reptile brain. It also references logic and imagination.
The document describes an "Ultimate Body Applicator" product that is a cloth wrap infused with a cream formula. It claims to tighten, tone, and firm the body area where applied in as little as 45 minutes through a combination of natural ingredients. The applicator is meant to be placed on areas like the stomach, back, arms, or legs and left on for 45 minutes up to overnight for maximum results. Frequently asked questions provide more details on how to use the applicator, expected results, and safety information.
The document describes an "Ultimate Body Applicator" product that is a cloth wrap infused with a cream formula. It claims to tighten, tone, firm skin and minimize cellulite in just 45 minutes. The applicator is used by applying it to areas like the stomach, back, arms, or legs for 45 minutes. It contains natural ingredients and is intended to be used once every 72 hours for progressive results. Frequently asked questions about how to use and results from the product are also answered.
The document describes an "Ultimate Body Applicator" product that is a cloth wrap infused with a cream formula. It claims to tighten, tone, firm, minimize cellulite and improve skin texture in as little as 45 minutes when applied to areas like the stomach, back, arms, or legs. The wrap comes with 4 applicators and directions to use each one time for 45 minutes before discarding and repeating after 72 hours. It lists natural ingredients in the cream and answers frequently asked questions about using the product and expected results.
Kiralabs Private Label Portfolio - ERA Vegaskiralabs
Kira Labs is a cosmetic manufacturer that specializes in private label skin care products. They have been in business since 2003 developing custom formulas to meet client needs. Kira Labs prides itself on manufacturing high quality products according to GMP and FDA guidelines using the latest active ingredients. They produce formulas for a wide range of clients globally and are known for their innovative approach and quick product development process.
DXN is one of the leading health care solution provider with network marketing capabilities. Being the stockist of DXN health care products DXN Thalassery - Gano Palace, Thalassery, kannur, kerala - 670103 provides opportunities for people to experience the great health products from DXN network. For more info visit us at www.dxnthalassery.com
Reviva Labs Skin Care 2023 Corporate PresentationWilliam Levins
Simple skincare product and corporate overview presentation for Reviva Labs - The Natural Skin Care Authority®.
Reviva Labs creates safe, effective natural skin care treatments that produce visible results. It’s why skin care enthusiasts have fallen in love with our skin care over the last 50 years and why Reviva has become the natural skin care trusted for generations. Cruelty free and without harmful ingredients, our products combine the best of nature and science – from brightening and hydrating to anti-aging and revitalizing – and everything in between – Reviva has it covered.
The document introduces Soul Purpose, a company that sells organic beauty, wellness, and lifestyle products. It aims to empower people by providing entrepreneurial opportunities through its direct sales model. Consultants can earn extra income and customers can purchase products like skin care, aromatherapy, supplements and more to rejuvenate and pamper themselves. The company focuses on social responsibility and creating a "green" business model.
- Total Life Changes (TLC) is an international MLM company founded 13 years ago that sells health products like teas and supplements.
- TLC is headquartered in Chesterfield, Michigan and operates in over 100 countries worldwide.
- In addition to teas, TLC sells supplements, vitamins, and other products and promotes them using multi-level marketing.
This document provides tips for maintaining a healthy body weight and losing weight effectively through long-term lifestyle changes rather than crash dieting. It recommends drinking water instead of sugary drinks, embracing the feeling of hunger to burn more fat, making smart choices with more filling foods, starting exercise slowly, not getting discouraged by setbacks, and using a fitness app to track calories and activities. Counting calories can be educational and help adjust eating habits over time. Forming new healthy habits gradually through repetition is key to long-term weight control.
This document outlines an online webinar series called "Get a Life: Survival Strategies for Busy Businesswomen". It provides an agenda that includes presentations from several speakers on topics like balancing work and personal life, managing stress, nutrition, exercise, and health. The webinar series offers polls, discussions of effective stress relief techniques like aromatherapy, and information on support resources and programs available to participants.
This document provides an overview of the Maitamaka company, including:
- How they got their name from a Tagalog phrase meaning "You got it right"
- Their product lines focusing on health and wellness, including Ashitaba capsules and an energy-saving gas stove
- Their multi-level marketing business model where customers can become distributors and earn commissions on retail sales and by building a team
- Details on business packages to become a distributor, the various ways to earn including retail profits, commissions, and bonuses
- Disclaimers that income is not guaranteed and depends on business skills and effort of each distributor.
Jeunesse opportunity english DuduCorno.jeunesseglobal.com Emanuele Corno
Our collective mission is to change people’s lives while making Jeunesse a household, world-renowned brand.
Jeunesse began in the hearts and minds of visionaries Randy Ray and Wendy Lewis.
Having achieved tremendous success in other enterprises, Randy and Wendy emerged from retirement to launch Jeunesse on September 09, 2009 at 9:00 p.m. The number 9, which represents longevity, reflected the founders’ desire to not only survive, but thrive.
Eager to share their revolutionary youth enhancement products with the world, Randy and Wendy set out to create one of the most rewarding compensation plans in the direct selling industry. The result: a cutting-edge, global platform that has harnessed the power of technology to share innovative products, training and support.
Today, thousands of people around the world are helping to write our story. Together we are creating a global movement that empowers people to reach their full potential — no matter their age, race, rank or income. Our story is just beginning.
We are Jeunesse. We are Generation Young.
This document provides an overview of an opportunity meeting for the essential oils company dōTERRA. It begins with an agenda and estimated time of 45 minutes. It then discusses why dōTERRA and their products, which include essential oils, wellness supplements, and living products. Leadership and the company's growth are reviewed. The opportunity section outlines expectations of maintaining a monthly auto-ship and building a team. Benefits of being on the team include organized support and training meetings. The "Power of Three" compensation plan is presented, showing how three people can each earn $1,500 in their first month by building their own teams. Slides on compensation levels and earning potential with multiple business legs are also included.
Juneja Ayurveda & Herbal is a GMP certified company that manufactures, trades, and distributes Ayurvedic and herbal products and medicines. They offer a wide range of herbal medicines, syrups, oils, and fitness products. The company's mission is to provide natural Ayurvedic solutions and take herbal products to customers across India.
Reviva Labs The Natural Skin Care Authority - OverviewWilliam Levins
Reviva Labs creates safe, effective natural skin care treatments that produce visible results. It’s why skin care enthusiasts have fallen in love with our skin care over the last 45 years and why Reviva has become the natural skin care trusted for generations. From brightening and hydrating to anti-aging and revitalizing – and everything in between – Reviva has it covered.
This presentation is all about DXN international and it's products. Don't miss any opportunity that comes in your life. Rejection must have solid reason.
Microsoft Power Point Taislim OpportunitySadie Murray
FreeLife's mission is to promote health and well-being through their new weight loss product called TAIslim, which is a complete solution that claims to fight abdominal fat, enhance metabolism, control appetite, and cleanse the body through a proprietary dextrin fiber complex to help people easily and safely lose weight. TAIslim is being marketed as an opportunity for people to earn income by sharing the product with others given the $60 billion weight loss market and FastStart bonuses, leadership bonuses, and other compensation available through FreeLife's direct selling model.
Success Trainning With Herbalife To Become MillionaireProject Management
This document summarizes the Herbalife business opportunity and products. It discusses how individuals can earn income through retail sales and building a team. The marketing plan provides retail profits, wholesale commissions, royalty matching bonuses, and infinite bonuses. Health and wellness industry trends are cited to highlight opportunities in nutrition and weight management. Testimonials and before/after photos are recommended for sharing success stories.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
1. Why It Works!
2007 Distributor Guide and Glossary
GREAT PRODUCTS GREAT PAY PLAN GREAT PEOPLE
Success! Can You Feel It?
2. It Works! Corporate Team
Mark Pentecost - CEO Pam Sowder - Marketing Director
Mark is a visionary thinker with a passion for It Pam has decades of experience in network market-
Works! and it’s distributors. He is committed to ing, sales and training. She continues to inspire,
unprecedented expansion and success for motivate and train others to transform
everyone associated with It Works! their lives and to develop an
entrepreneurial spirit.
Don VerHulst M.D. - Chief Science Officer Luis Mijares - Product Formulator
Dr. VerHulst received his B.S. at the University Luis is the head of the It Works! cosmeceutical
of Michigan in 1978, and he received his line. His hands on approach toward developing
M.D. from Wayne State University natural skin care products ensure
School of Medicine in 1982. strict quality standards.
SUCCESS! CAN YOU FEEL IT?
3. It Works! Success Stories
Before AFTER!
Before After
Rusty - Lexington, North Carolina Joy - Kernersville, North Carolina
Joy lost 48 inches and 50 lbs in
Rusty lost 250lbs using the 90 days! She used the Ultimate
Dr. Don Daily Package! Body Applicator, Defining Gel,
New You 2.0
CAN YOU FEEL IT?
Before AFTER! Before AFTER!
Deb - Grand Rapids, Michigan Pam - Roanoke, Virginia
It Works gave Pam the younger and thinner
Deb lost 10 inches and 30lbs using body she so desired and gave
the New You Challenge Plus! her the look to feel succesful!
SUCCESS! CAN YOU FEEL IT?
4. It Works! Success Stories
Before
AFTER!
Before After
Sue - Tampa, Florida Pat - Greensboro, North Carolina
Pat used just one Chin Applicator
Look at Sue’s results after using the
and look at the results!
Ultimate Body Applicator, Defining Gel
and Fat Fighter for 60 days!
Before AFTER!
Damon - Kernersville, North Carolina Teresa - Houston, Texas
Teresa’s amazing results were accomplished
Damon was just amazed with the results in 11 months using the Ultimate
after using the Ultimate Body Applicator, Defining Gel
Body Challenge! and Fat Fighter!
SUCCESS! CAN YOU FEEL IT?
5. It Works Marketing
was a special guest
at this year Emmy’s
Swag Gift Suite.
Over 50 celebrities
were introduced to
the It Works!
product line.
“It Works was the
hit of the suite,”
said It Works! CEO
Mark Pentecost.
6. It Works! at the Emmys!
Before After
TV & Radio Personality “American Idol”
LEEZA PAULA
GIBBONS ABDUL
“Dancing with the Stars” “Extreme Makeover - Home Edition”
MARIO MICHAEL
LOPEZ MALONEY
SUCCESS! CAN YOU FEEL IT?
7. It Works! at the Emmys!
“Dirty, Sexy, Money” “The Office”
WILLIAM KATE
BALDWIN FLANNERY
“Grey’s Anatomy” “The Closer”
KATE COREY
BURTON REYNOLDS
SUCCESS! CAN YOU FEEL IT?