The document summarizes the process of canonizing the New Testament books from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. It discusses how the NT authors viewed each other's writings as authoritative, and how early church fathers gradually recognized more books until the church councils of Hippo and Carthage established the 27-book canon in the late 4th century. Key events included Marcion proposing a limited canon in the 2nd century, Origen commenting on most NT books, and Athanasius issuing the first list of the current canon in 367 AD.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 3)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the transmission of Scripture from its original writing to present copies. It addresses how we know the Bible has been accurately transmitted despite being copied by hand for centuries. The document outlines that textual criticism examines manuscript variants to reconstruct the original text. For the Old Testament, the Masoretes standardized the Hebrew text from 500-1000 AD using meticulous copying practices. For the New Testament, there are many early manuscripts and copies made within the first few centuries show it was accurately transmitted.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 4)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the canonization of scripture, specifically addressing questions about how we know which books belong in the Bible. It outlines several facts and fables regarding how canonicity is determined. The key facts are that prophetic nature, apostolic authority, and God alone determine canonicity. It also discusses the process of canonization for both the Old and New Testaments, highlighting the recognition of the canon by the early church rather than any formal decree.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 2)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the doctrine of sola scriptura and compares it to alternative views of scriptural authority. It outlines five primary views, including sola ecclesia which argues that both scripture and tradition as defined by the Catholic Church are equally authoritative. The document also presents arguments for sola ecclesia and responses to those arguments from the perspective of sola scriptura.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 2)Bong Baylon
The document discusses different views on the role and authority of Scripture and Tradition, including Sola Scriptura which holds that Scripture alone is authoritative for Christian faith and practice. It presents arguments for and against Sola Scriptura, Sola Ecclesia, and other views. Key debates include whether Tradition is equally authoritative to Scripture, and whether an infallible magisterium is needed to interpret Scripture.
The document discusses biblical interpretation and the Apocrypha. It provides details on identifying different literary types such as poetry, prophecy, parables and allegories. It also discusses reasons why the Apocrypha is not considered inspired scripture, such as it was written after prophecy ceased, contains historical inaccuracies and doctrines not found in the Bible, and was rejected by Jews and early Christians as not being part of the canon.
The document discusses the Gutenberg Bible of the New York Public Library, which was bought by James Lenox in 1847. It was the first Gutenberg Bible to come to the United States, and according to national folklore, the officers at the New York Customs House removed their hats upon seeing it due to its importance.
This document discusses several apocryphal texts including the Life of Adam and Eve, Assumption of Moses, Protevangelium of James, and Gospel of Thomas. It provides overview information and sample passages from each text. The Life of Adam and Eve and Assumption of Moses were written between 100 BC-100 AD and contain details not found in the biblical accounts. The Protevangelium of James from the 2nd century AD expands on Mary and Joseph's story. The Gospel of Thomas reflects Greek influence and may draw from the canonical gospels.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 3)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the transmission of Scripture from its original writing to present copies. It addresses how we know the Bible has been accurately transmitted despite being copied by hand for centuries. The document outlines that textual criticism examines manuscript variants to reconstruct the original text. For the Old Testament, the Masoretes standardized the Hebrew text from 500-1000 AD using meticulous copying practices. For the New Testament, there are many early manuscripts and copies made within the first few centuries show it was accurately transmitted.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 4)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the canonization of scripture, specifically addressing questions about how we know which books belong in the Bible. It outlines several facts and fables regarding how canonicity is determined. The key facts are that prophetic nature, apostolic authority, and God alone determine canonicity. It also discusses the process of canonization for both the Old and New Testaments, highlighting the recognition of the canon by the early church rather than any formal decree.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 2)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the doctrine of sola scriptura and compares it to alternative views of scriptural authority. It outlines five primary views, including sola ecclesia which argues that both scripture and tradition as defined by the Catholic Church are equally authoritative. The document also presents arguments for sola ecclesia and responses to those arguments from the perspective of sola scriptura.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 2)Bong Baylon
The document discusses different views on the role and authority of Scripture and Tradition, including Sola Scriptura which holds that Scripture alone is authoritative for Christian faith and practice. It presents arguments for and against Sola Scriptura, Sola Ecclesia, and other views. Key debates include whether Tradition is equally authoritative to Scripture, and whether an infallible magisterium is needed to interpret Scripture.
The document discusses biblical interpretation and the Apocrypha. It provides details on identifying different literary types such as poetry, prophecy, parables and allegories. It also discusses reasons why the Apocrypha is not considered inspired scripture, such as it was written after prophecy ceased, contains historical inaccuracies and doctrines not found in the Bible, and was rejected by Jews and early Christians as not being part of the canon.
The document discusses the Gutenberg Bible of the New York Public Library, which was bought by James Lenox in 1847. It was the first Gutenberg Bible to come to the United States, and according to national folklore, the officers at the New York Customs House removed their hats upon seeing it due to its importance.
This document discusses several apocryphal texts including the Life of Adam and Eve, Assumption of Moses, Protevangelium of James, and Gospel of Thomas. It provides overview information and sample passages from each text. The Life of Adam and Eve and Assumption of Moses were written between 100 BC-100 AD and contain details not found in the biblical accounts. The Protevangelium of James from the 2nd century AD expands on Mary and Joseph's story. The Gospel of Thomas reflects Greek influence and may draw from the canonical gospels.
Understanding The Bible Part One The Canons Of The BibleEdward Hahnenberg
The first in a six-part series examining how to understand the Bible using the historical-critical method. The subject of Part One is the Canons of the Old and New Testament, how they were decided, and the difference between the Catholic and Protestant canons.
The Bible was written over 1600 years by over 40 authors from various backgrounds. It is composed of the Old Testament, written originally in Hebrew and Aramaic, and the New Testament, written originally in Greek. The Bible has been meticulously copied and translated into hundreds of languages to ensure its accurate transmission and widespread availability despite efforts by some to suppress or destroy it. It remains the world's best-selling book of all time.
All about the bible, how it was put together, why certain books were left out, how do we know that it\'s divine, what about the Da Vinci Code, dealing with "contradictions", etc.
The document discusses the Bible, describing it as consisting of many sacred books written by human authors who were divinely inspired by God through the Holy Spirit. It is made up of the Old Testament containing 46 books and the New Testament containing 27 books, covering the preparation of the Hebrew people for Jesus Christ and the establishment of the Church. The Bible is considered inerrant and infallible due to this divine inspiration during the writing process, though the human authors wrote in their own styles.
The document outlines the nature, narrative, and authenticity of the Bible. It discusses how the Bible was written over 1500 years by many authors in different languages, but still tells a unified story of God's redemption of humanity. The Bible is both the inspired word of God and the work of human authors. It describes the central narrative as creation, fall, promise of a Messiah, fulfillment in Jesus, and a final new creation. Finally, it argues that the Bible we have today remains authentic due to the many early manuscripts that exist, with variants not affecting core doctrines.
The document discusses the origins and use of the Septuagint (LXX), an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament. It notes that the LXX was likely translated by fewer than 70 scholars, for the large Greek-speaking Jewish population in Egypt. While not inspired, the LXX became the predominant scripture for Greek-speaking Jews and Christians. The majority of quotes from the Old Testament in the New Testament agree with the LXX, showing its influence. However, the translation quality varies and it should not be seen as superior to the original Hebrew.
The document discusses the books of the Old Testament, including lost books and the Apocrypha. It notes that the Old Testament was written over many centuries in Hebrew and Aramaic and collected. The Septuagint translated the Old Testament to Greek in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC and included the Apocrypha. The Apocrypha consists of books written between 200 BC to AD 100 included in some Bibles but rejected by Jews and some Christians due to doctrinal issues and provable errors.
The study of the literary forms and genre of the different pericope in the Bible plays a very significant role in Biblical interpretation. This study allows the people to recognize that there are many types of literature. The authors always choose a vehicle through which they send a message to the readers. By there choice of genre, the authors are able to signal the readers how to take the message they want to convey.
This presentation describes how the Bible was compiled, discusses why certain books were omitted (such as the gnostic gospels), and ends with a discussion of Bible translations
In this message, loaded with historical information, we discover the authenticity of the Old and New Testament Scriptures. The Bible is truly God's voice to us, preserved and given to us in a manner we can understand, receive and live by.
Download sermon video / audio / notesfrom our website - apcwo.org/sermons
The document describes the process by which the Bible came to be, including inspiration/revelation, transmission, translation, and canonization. It discusses how the Bible originated from oral tradition and divine inspiration before being physically written down. Scribes carefully copied manuscripts by hand according to strict rules to ensure accuracy. The Dead Sea Scrolls provided early manuscripts that supported the accuracy of later copies. Eventually manuscripts were bound and stored as codices rather than scrolls. There are various theories regarding how God inspired the human authors of the Bible.
Oli Lea - How Many Books Does Your Bible Have?Max Cross
The document discusses the development of the Christian Bible canon over time. It notes that the Old Testament canon was established independently from the New Testament canon. The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures, was used widely by early Christians and Jewish communities outside Israel. There was some debate in the early church over whether to include additional books from the Septuagint as part of the biblical canon.
This document provides an overview of the origins and history of the Bible. It discusses that the original languages of the Bible were Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. It also notes some of the important English translations of the Bible over time. Additionally, it outlines some of the key differences between Protestant and Catholic Bibles, specifically regarding the number of books in the Old Testament. Finally, it briefly discusses the process of authoring and interpreting the Bible.
The document summarizes the acquisition of an original 1611 King James Bible by the San Antonio Public Library. It provides background on how the rare book ended up in Texas after being sold by a London book dealer during World War II bombings. It then discusses the origins of the King James Bible, including the commission of scholars by King James I to produce the translation. Finally, it describes some of the key features of the original publication, such as illustrations, genealogies, and formatting of the text.
This document contains a collection of quotes about glimpses of God in history and nature. It discusses how the Bible writers saw God as directing history and revealing himself through historical events. The document argues that biblical prophecies and the historical accuracy of the Bible show that God has worked in and through world events. It suggests that understanding the great controversy between good and evil provides the best lens for understanding history.
The document discusses the origins and development of the biblical canon. It explains that the canon refers to the list of books acknowledged as divinely inspired scripture. The Old Testament canon was established among the Hebrews, while the New Testament canon emerged as the writings of apostles and their associates were recognized as authoritative by the early Christian church. By the 4th century, the broad contours of the modern Protestant canon had been settled upon.
Bible Compilation, Transmission and AlterationSabeel Ahmed
Objective study of the compilation and transmission of the Bible. Many Christians are unaware of the history of the bible and thus assume it is preserved and the word of God. This presentation will examine how the bible was compiled and the changes that took place from the time of the first letters of Paul till our time.
The document provides information about the Bible, including its structure and contents. It discusses that the Bible is comprised of the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament contains 39 books divided between the Pentateuch, historical books, writings, and prophets. The New Testament contains 27 books divided between the gospels, acts, letters of Paul, pastoral letters, and Revelation. It also explains the purpose of reading the Bible is to learn about God, people, salvation history, and ourselves.
1) The document discusses several reasons and criteria for judging whether the New Testament can be considered historically reliable, such as early dating of manuscripts, consistency between accounts, and extra-biblical references.
2) Archeological findings have corroborated many people, places, and details mentioned in the Bible.
3) The inclusion of embarrassing details about the disciples and Jesus, as well as some divergent details between accounts, suggests the writers were not fabricating stories but reporting actual events.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 5)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the canonization of Scripture, specifically the New Testament canon. It provides background on how the NT canon developed from the time of the apostles through the 4th century AD. Key points include:
1) The NT books were recognized as authoritative by the apostles and early Christians based on their connection to the apostles' teaching.
2) By the 2nd century AD, many church fathers referenced and quoted from most NT books as Scripture.
3) In the 4th century, church councils at Hippo and Carthage formally recognized the 27 books of the current NT canon.
4) The early church used criteria like apostolic authorship, agreement with established doctrine, and
The document outlines the development of the biblical canon from 1000 BCE to 1546 CE. It discusses how the Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament were established between 1000 BCE to 400 CE. It also details the development of the Christian New Testament canon from 50 CE to 1546 CE, including early lists, debates over inclusion of certain books, and final recognition of the 27-book canon. The process of canonization for both the Old and New Testaments spanned hundreds of years and involved consideration by Jewish rabbis, early Christian leaders, and ecumenical councils.
Understanding The Bible Part One The Canons Of The BibleEdward Hahnenberg
The first in a six-part series examining how to understand the Bible using the historical-critical method. The subject of Part One is the Canons of the Old and New Testament, how they were decided, and the difference between the Catholic and Protestant canons.
The Bible was written over 1600 years by over 40 authors from various backgrounds. It is composed of the Old Testament, written originally in Hebrew and Aramaic, and the New Testament, written originally in Greek. The Bible has been meticulously copied and translated into hundreds of languages to ensure its accurate transmission and widespread availability despite efforts by some to suppress or destroy it. It remains the world's best-selling book of all time.
All about the bible, how it was put together, why certain books were left out, how do we know that it\'s divine, what about the Da Vinci Code, dealing with "contradictions", etc.
The document discusses the Bible, describing it as consisting of many sacred books written by human authors who were divinely inspired by God through the Holy Spirit. It is made up of the Old Testament containing 46 books and the New Testament containing 27 books, covering the preparation of the Hebrew people for Jesus Christ and the establishment of the Church. The Bible is considered inerrant and infallible due to this divine inspiration during the writing process, though the human authors wrote in their own styles.
The document outlines the nature, narrative, and authenticity of the Bible. It discusses how the Bible was written over 1500 years by many authors in different languages, but still tells a unified story of God's redemption of humanity. The Bible is both the inspired word of God and the work of human authors. It describes the central narrative as creation, fall, promise of a Messiah, fulfillment in Jesus, and a final new creation. Finally, it argues that the Bible we have today remains authentic due to the many early manuscripts that exist, with variants not affecting core doctrines.
The document discusses the origins and use of the Septuagint (LXX), an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament. It notes that the LXX was likely translated by fewer than 70 scholars, for the large Greek-speaking Jewish population in Egypt. While not inspired, the LXX became the predominant scripture for Greek-speaking Jews and Christians. The majority of quotes from the Old Testament in the New Testament agree with the LXX, showing its influence. However, the translation quality varies and it should not be seen as superior to the original Hebrew.
The document discusses the books of the Old Testament, including lost books and the Apocrypha. It notes that the Old Testament was written over many centuries in Hebrew and Aramaic and collected. The Septuagint translated the Old Testament to Greek in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC and included the Apocrypha. The Apocrypha consists of books written between 200 BC to AD 100 included in some Bibles but rejected by Jews and some Christians due to doctrinal issues and provable errors.
The study of the literary forms and genre of the different pericope in the Bible plays a very significant role in Biblical interpretation. This study allows the people to recognize that there are many types of literature. The authors always choose a vehicle through which they send a message to the readers. By there choice of genre, the authors are able to signal the readers how to take the message they want to convey.
This presentation describes how the Bible was compiled, discusses why certain books were omitted (such as the gnostic gospels), and ends with a discussion of Bible translations
In this message, loaded with historical information, we discover the authenticity of the Old and New Testament Scriptures. The Bible is truly God's voice to us, preserved and given to us in a manner we can understand, receive and live by.
Download sermon video / audio / notesfrom our website - apcwo.org/sermons
The document describes the process by which the Bible came to be, including inspiration/revelation, transmission, translation, and canonization. It discusses how the Bible originated from oral tradition and divine inspiration before being physically written down. Scribes carefully copied manuscripts by hand according to strict rules to ensure accuracy. The Dead Sea Scrolls provided early manuscripts that supported the accuracy of later copies. Eventually manuscripts were bound and stored as codices rather than scrolls. There are various theories regarding how God inspired the human authors of the Bible.
Oli Lea - How Many Books Does Your Bible Have?Max Cross
The document discusses the development of the Christian Bible canon over time. It notes that the Old Testament canon was established independently from the New Testament canon. The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures, was used widely by early Christians and Jewish communities outside Israel. There was some debate in the early church over whether to include additional books from the Septuagint as part of the biblical canon.
This document provides an overview of the origins and history of the Bible. It discusses that the original languages of the Bible were Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. It also notes some of the important English translations of the Bible over time. Additionally, it outlines some of the key differences between Protestant and Catholic Bibles, specifically regarding the number of books in the Old Testament. Finally, it briefly discusses the process of authoring and interpreting the Bible.
The document summarizes the acquisition of an original 1611 King James Bible by the San Antonio Public Library. It provides background on how the rare book ended up in Texas after being sold by a London book dealer during World War II bombings. It then discusses the origins of the King James Bible, including the commission of scholars by King James I to produce the translation. Finally, it describes some of the key features of the original publication, such as illustrations, genealogies, and formatting of the text.
This document contains a collection of quotes about glimpses of God in history and nature. It discusses how the Bible writers saw God as directing history and revealing himself through historical events. The document argues that biblical prophecies and the historical accuracy of the Bible show that God has worked in and through world events. It suggests that understanding the great controversy between good and evil provides the best lens for understanding history.
The document discusses the origins and development of the biblical canon. It explains that the canon refers to the list of books acknowledged as divinely inspired scripture. The Old Testament canon was established among the Hebrews, while the New Testament canon emerged as the writings of apostles and their associates were recognized as authoritative by the early Christian church. By the 4th century, the broad contours of the modern Protestant canon had been settled upon.
Bible Compilation, Transmission and AlterationSabeel Ahmed
Objective study of the compilation and transmission of the Bible. Many Christians are unaware of the history of the bible and thus assume it is preserved and the word of God. This presentation will examine how the bible was compiled and the changes that took place from the time of the first letters of Paul till our time.
The document provides information about the Bible, including its structure and contents. It discusses that the Bible is comprised of the Old and New Testaments. The Old Testament contains 39 books divided between the Pentateuch, historical books, writings, and prophets. The New Testament contains 27 books divided between the gospels, acts, letters of Paul, pastoral letters, and Revelation. It also explains the purpose of reading the Bible is to learn about God, people, salvation history, and ourselves.
1) The document discusses several reasons and criteria for judging whether the New Testament can be considered historically reliable, such as early dating of manuscripts, consistency between accounts, and extra-biblical references.
2) Archeological findings have corroborated many people, places, and details mentioned in the Bible.
3) The inclusion of embarrassing details about the disciples and Jesus, as well as some divergent details between accounts, suggests the writers were not fabricating stories but reporting actual events.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 5)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the canonization of Scripture, specifically the New Testament canon. It provides background on how the NT canon developed from the time of the apostles through the 4th century AD. Key points include:
1) The NT books were recognized as authoritative by the apostles and early Christians based on their connection to the apostles' teaching.
2) By the 2nd century AD, many church fathers referenced and quoted from most NT books as Scripture.
3) In the 4th century, church councils at Hippo and Carthage formally recognized the 27 books of the current NT canon.
4) The early church used criteria like apostolic authorship, agreement with established doctrine, and
The document outlines the development of the biblical canon from 1000 BCE to 1546 CE. It discusses how the Jewish Tanakh and Christian Old Testament were established between 1000 BCE to 400 CE. It also details the development of the Christian New Testament canon from 50 CE to 1546 CE, including early lists, debates over inclusion of certain books, and final recognition of the 27-book canon. The process of canonization for both the Old and New Testaments spanned hundreds of years and involved consideration by Jewish rabbis, early Christian leaders, and ecumenical councils.
The document discusses the compilation of the Bible. It describes how the Old Testament canon was formed gradually over time as sacred texts were added to the Ark of the Covenant and treasury. The New Testament canon was also compiled gradually, with early proposals by Marcion in 140 AD and the Muratorian Canon in 170 AD. The final New Testament canon was ratified by the Council of Carthage in 397 AD, though most books were already widely accepted as authoritative earlier based on references by early Church fathers starting in the late 1st century AD.
The document discusses the Apostolic Fathers and Post-Apostolic Fathers of the Church. It provides biographical information on early Christian writers from the 1st-4th centuries AD, including Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, and others. These writers established Christian doctrine and synthesized the teachings of the Bible, Apostolic Fathers, and Church councils in their writings.
This document discusses archaeological evidence and textual criticism related to the four canonical gospels. It provides examples of early gospel manuscripts and fragments that have been discovered, including Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus. It also examines the external patristic evidence from early church fathers like Papias, Clement of Alexandria, and Irenaeus regarding the origin and relationship between the synoptic gospels. The document analyzes various source critical questions about the gospels.
St. Clement of Rome was a bishop of Rome in the late 1st century who authored an influential letter to the church in Corinth. In the letter, he draws analogies between the church and an army or body to emphasize that the church is a unified whole under the authority of its leaders, with different roles and gifts. He argues the church should obey authorities appointed by God rather than those who cause divisions. St. Ignatius of Antioch was a disciple of John the Evangelist who succeeded Evodius as bishop of Antioch around the year 70. He strengthened the church during Roman persecution in the 1st century through preaching, prayer, and fasting. The document provides background on patrology
The document discusses the canonization and translation of the Bible. It explains that the Bible was written over 1400 years by around 40 authors and compiled into a canon of 66 books. It then discusses various manuscripts, translations, and the process of determining the biblical canon. The document provides information on early translations like the King James Version and modern translations like the NIV. It also discusses chapters and verses as well as study tools like parallel Bibles.
The document provides a summary of the process by which the Bible was compiled and distributed over thousands of years in 10 key points:
1) The Old Testament was written between 1500 BC to 400 BC and the New Testament between 45 AD to 100 AD by over 40 authors.
2) The books were collected and recognized as sacred text by Jewish and Christian councils and leaders.
3) The texts were meticulously hand-copied before the printing press to ensure accuracy.
4) The Bible was the first book printed using the Gutenberg printing press in 1455, vastly increasing distribution.
5) It has been translated into over 2400 languages to make it accessible to more people worldwide.
The document discusses various topics related to biblical translations including:
- Differences between the Textus Receptus and other ancient manuscripts like Codex B and the Sinaitic text.
- The development of translations like the King James Version, Latin Vulgate, and others.
- Concerns about more modern translations like the NIV, TNIV, and Good News Bible changing or removing words and verses.
- Biographical details of textual critics Westcott and Hort who produced an influential Greek text that departed from the Textus Receptus.
- Warnings against adding to or removing from the words of Scripture.
This document discusses the views of early Christian figures known as the Church Fathers on the inspiration and authority of the Bible. It outlines that the Apostolic and Sub-Apostolic Fathers from around 70-150 AD viewed the New Testament writings as Scripture. It then examines views from the Ante-Nicene and Nicene Fathers from 150-350 AD, as well as the Great Medieval Church Teachers from 350-1350 AD, finding that they overwhelmingly affirmed the divine inspiration of both the Old and New Testaments and regarded them as the authoritative word of God.
The document discusses various aspects of scripture and canonization. It provides background on how the books of the Bible were collected and recognized as sacred texts over time. It also discusses the Apocrypha, which contains books that were considered useful but not inspired, and "lost books" that are mentioned in the Bible but not contained within it. The document explores different sources that provide religious truth or insight, ranging from canonized scripture to personal revelation.
The document discusses the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan in 1945. It notes that after Japan rejected the Potsdam ultimatum calling for unconditional surrender, the US had no choice but to demonstrate the seriousness of the threat by using "the full application of our military power." The atomic bomb was deemed "an eminently suitable weapon" for this purpose given the successful test in New Mexico and the bomb living up to expectations of its powerful destructive capabilities.
The document provides an overview of the Holy Bible, including what it is, who authored it, how it was handed down through history, its translations over time, and its divisions and books. It notes that the Bible is the book of God and contains 66 books divided into the Old and New Testaments. It discusses how the Bible was originally written on scrolls and then copied by hand before the invention of the printing press accelerated its distribution.
The document discusses the history of biblical manuscripts, translations, and the formation of the biblical canon. It provides details on:
- Old and New Testament manuscripts and the earliest fragments found. The oldest complete Bible text is a Greek translation from 350 CE.
- The development of the Christian biblical canon over several centuries, with diversity in early traditions. The New Testament canon was not fixed until the 4th century.
- Different types of Bible translations including literal, dynamic, and paraphrase translations. No single translation is perfect as interpretation is required.
- Ellen White's use and acceptance of revised Bible versions from the 1880s onward, showing she recognized the value of multiple translations. Accuracy depends on the
The document is a prayer asking God's spirit to guide those gathered in understanding the Holy Scripture and inspiring their hearts to share their knowledge of God's word with others so that they may be faithful to God in all their actions, concluding with "Amen."
13 notes the reading of the gospel and homilyZoran Bobic
This document describes the traditions and rituals surrounding the reading of the Gospel in Orthodox Christian liturgy. It discusses how the deacon asks for a blessing from the priest before reading the Gospel. The priest blesses the deacon and prays that he may proclaim the Gospel with strength. The deacon then carries the Gospel book in procession and reads the Gospel passage at the ambo. Great reverence and silence is shown during the reading. These traditions emphasize the importance of the Gospel and Christ's words.
The document provides an overview of the course "Worship and Cultural Patterns in the Early Church" offered at Trinity Theological Seminary. The 5-week course covers where early Christians worshipped, how they worshipped, baptism, the Eucharist, and church leadership and hierarchy from the 1st to 7th centuries AD. Key sources discussed include the New Testament, writings of early Church fathers, and the Apostolic Constitutions. Weekly topics include places of worship, monasticism, meanings of baptism and the Eucharist, and charismatic worship styles.
This document provides an overview of the basic contents and origins of the Bible. It discusses that the Bible is a collection of 66 books accepted as divinely inspired. It was written over 1500 years by around 40 authors from various backgrounds. The events primarily took place in the Middle East. Prophecies, historical accuracy, and scientific statements within the Bible provide evidence of its supernatural origin. The document outlines many of the human authors and approximate dates they wrote different books. It also summarizes some of the fulfilled prophecies as further proof of the Bible's divine authorship.
Similar to Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 5) (20)
The document provides information about a Sunday worship attendance report on January 18, 2015 from 3 to 5 pm at the Real Life Center. It discusses plans to start 24 new simple churches between January and June 2015 and consolidate events at the Real Life Center to focus on establishing networks of simple churches scattered everywhere but united under one vision of communityship. Key initiatives include minimizing redundant events, implementing a "Report to One" policy for leaders, and a simple synchronized calendar starting in January 2015.
This document provides information about starting and transitioning to simple churches. It defines a simple church as a group of friends who come together regularly to learn from Jesus how to live, love, and lead like him. To start a simple church, 2-3 people invite their friends for regular gatherings focused on sharing life experiences rather than teaching. The goal is to empower people to grow in faith directly from Jesus. The document outlines a transition plan where existing groups form simple churches that meet elsewhere than the main center and are led by 2-3 people.
This document appears to be a collection of biblical passages from Genesis, Isaiah, Luke, Psalms, and other books of the Bible. The passages describe God's regret over human wickedness, his enduring love for humanity, Jesus weeping over Jerusalem, the psalmist's longing for God and lamenting being forgotten by God, and expressions of hope in God as savior. The document does not provide any other context or commentary.
The document provides guidance on choosing a romantic partner. It advises that one's relationship with God should be the most important. Additionally, it suggests choosing a partner who reveres God, has a secure identity, is a good match, has clear goals, and is trustworthy. The document encourages choosing with the end in mind and knowing what "right" looks like.
This document contains several Bible verses from Acts, 1 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians, and John about the Holy Spirit. The verses discuss Philip obeying the Spirit's command to approach a chariot, not relying on human wisdom but on God's power, being strengthened through the Spirit, and obeying God's commands so that one's joy may be complete.
This document outlines session three of a Bible study course. It discusses the importance of exposition, which involves theological thinking to understand scripture in context. Exposition is important but often skipped over in favor of just exegesis. The document provides guidelines for how to conduct exposition by holding a principalizing filter, examining cross references, and analyzing the passage in light of progressive revelation. It includes examples of exegesis and exposition of 1 Timothy 6:3-10. Participants are instructed to practice exposition on their own passages.
This document provides instruction on how to perform exegesis of biblical texts. It outlines four main steps: 1) discover the details of the text such as structure, atmosphere and terms; 2) interpret the details by asking and answering questions and validating interpretations; 3) generate exegetical statements on the theme, topic, truth and thrust; and 4) provides an example exegesis. The document concludes with practicing these steps on a passage and discussing as a group the exegesis process.
This document contains passages from Matthew chapter 6 that discuss how to pray privately rather than publicly to be seen by others. It also contains "The Lord's Prayer" from Matthew 6:9-13. The passages instruct believers to pray privately in their rooms rather than making public displays of prayer. They warn against empty, repetitive prayers and say God already knows our needs before we ask. The Lord's Prayer is given as an example prayer focusing on God, his kingdom, daily provision, forgiveness and deliverance from evil.
This document discusses how to preach effectively. It recommends selecting the best approach based on the "teaching frame", which includes factors like the occasion, objectives, situation, and audience. It also advises preaching with passion and using various illustrations. The goal should be life change rather than just providing information. Speakers are told to start strongly by raising a felt need and true need, and end by emphasizing the take-home message and nudging the audience toward application. Sharing what you've learned with others is also encouraged.
This document provides guidance and a checklist for leaders in a religious community. It outlines 20 items for leaders to complete, including meeting with advisers, creating ministry plans, forming teams, attending regular meetings, and enrolling in leadership programs. The checklist aims to help leaders effectively carry out their roles and be evaluated on criteria like effectiveness, productivity, and spirituality.
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Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 6)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the concept of inspiration and how it relates to the creation of the Bible. It defines inspiration as God guiding the biblical writers and giving them his words while fully utilizing their human abilities. The document explores different theories of inspiration, from the Bible being entirely man-made to entirely divinely dictated. It argues that the correct view is that inspiration was a cooperative process between God and the human authors, resulting in text that is both fully divine and fully human.
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This document discusses the importance of observation in Bible study. It notes that the ability to see details is a skill that improves with practice. There are often two main reasons people don't get more from Bible study - they don't know how to read it effectively or they don't know what to look for. Three basic rules for improving observation are to learn to read the Bible better and faster, to read it as if for the first time by using different translations, and to read it as a love letter.
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It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
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2. Canonization of
Scripture
Review of canonization:
• Canon is a term that describes a theological
concept used to describe the collection of
books called Scripture.
• The canon is closed only to the degree that
God is no longer giving Scripture through
the writing of His validated messengers.
3. Canonization of
Scripture
• It would seem that since soteriological
history has been completed and
recorded, there is no longer a need for any
Scriptures to be added to the canon.
• Therefore, all major traditions of
Christianity today believe that the canon is
“closed” and not to be “reopened.”
4. Canonization of
Scripture
Review of OT canonization:
• Whatever Scriptures Christ used in the first
century are the Scriptures we should use
today.
• The Scripture of the Palestinian Jews in the
first century contained the same books as
the current 39-book Protestant canon, as
evidenced by the NT
itself, Philo, Josephus, and the Talmud.
5. Canonization of
Scripture
• The Scripture of the Alexandrian Jews
(LXX) in the first century probably
contained the same books as the current
39-book Protestant canon, as evidenced by
the writings of Philo and Josephus and the
canonical disagreements among the extant
copies of the LXX.
6. Canonization of
Scripture
• The deuterocanonical/Apocryphal books
are rejected by Protestants because they
were not accepted by the first century
Jews, Palestinian or Alexandrian, and
because the body of Christ did not ever
recognize them as the voice of God, as
evidenced by the massive amount of
historical disagreement concerning their
inclusion.
7. Development of the
Canon
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Time of the Apostles Apostolic Fathers Theologians
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 400
8. Development of the
NT Canon
Time of Apostolic Authority
40–100
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Formulation
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 300 A.D. 400
10. Canonization of
Scripture
1. The NT attests to the acceptance of the
authority of the words of the Apostles as
being on par with that of God.
11. Canonization of
Scripture
2 Thess. 2:15
“So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the
traditions which you were taught, whether by
word of mouth or by letter from us.”
12. Canonization of
Scripture
1 Cor. 14:37
“If anyone thinks he is a prophet or
spiritual, let him recognize that the things
which I write to you are the Lord‟s
commandment.”
13. Canonization of
Scripture
Gal. 1:8–9
“But even if we, or an angel from
heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary
to what we have preached to you, he is to be
accursed! As we have said before, so I say
again now, if any man is preaching to you a
gospel contrary to what you received, he is to
be accursed!”
14. Canonization of
Scripture
1 Thess. 2:13
“For this reason we also constantly thank God
that when you received the word of God
which you heard from us, you accepted it not
as the word of men, but for what it really
is, the word of God, which also performs its
work in you who believe.”
15. Canonization of
Scripture
2. The NT attests to the acceptance of other
NT books as Scripture.
16. Canonization of
Scripture
2 Pet. 3:15–16
“And regard the patience of our Lord as
salvation; just as also our beloved brother
Paul, according to the wisdom given
him, wrote to you, as also in all his
letters, speaking in them of these things, in
which are some things hard to
understand, which the untaught and unstable
distort, as they do also the rest of the
Scriptures, to their own destruction.”
17. Canonization of
Scripture
1 Tim. 5:18
“For the Scripture says, „you shall not muzzle
an ox while he is threshing‟ [Deut 25:4], and
„The laborer is worthy of his wages‟”
[Lk 10:7].
18. Canonization of
Scripture
Rev. 1:3
“Blessed is he who reads and those who hear
the words of the prophecy, and heed the things
which are written in it; for the time is near.”
19. Development of the
NT Canon
Time of Tradition and Written Authority
100–300
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Formulation Recognition
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 300 A.D. 400
20. Canonization of
Scripture
Canonization of the NT 100–300
A.D.
21. Canonization of
Scripture
1. The writings of the early church fathers
attest to the acceptance of many NT
books:
• They quote them as Scripture.
• They draw a clear distinction between their
writings and that of Scripture.
• Marcion (c. 140), a Gnostic heretic, devised
his own canon which excluded the entire
OT and included only Luke (except Chap. 1
and 2) and the Pauline epistles (excluding
the pastoral epistles).
22. Canonization of
Scripture
“From the early part of the second
century of the Christian era, there is
evidence that the letters of Paul were
treasured not merely as isolated
communications, but as a definite
collection of writings, now commonly
described as the Pauline corpus.”
—Donald Guthrie
New Testament Introduction (Downers Grove, Il: InterVarsity Press, 1990), 986
23. Canonization of
Scripture
2. Origen (185–254 A.D.) writes
commentaries on most of the books of the
NT emphasizing their inspiration.
24. Canonization of
Scripture
3. Muratorian Canon (170 A.D.) attests to
all the books of the NT except
Hebrews, James, and 1 & 2 Peter.
25. Development of the
NT Canon
Time of Written Authority
300–present
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Formulation Recognition Declaration
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 300 A.D. 400
26. Canonization of
Scripture
Canonization of the NT 300–400
A.D.
27. Canonization of
Scripture
1. Diocletian persecutions (c. 302–305)
caused the Christians to be more attentive
to establishing the definite canon.
28. Canonization of
Scripture
2. Eusibius, a fourth-century Church
historian, speaks plainly about the condition of
the canon in his day:
Homologomena: Universally-agreed-upon books were the
four Gospels, Acts, Letters of Paul (which included
Hebrews), 1 Peter, 1 John, and Revelation.
Antilogoumena: Books that were accepted by the majority
(including Eusibius), but disputed by some: James, 2
Peter, 2 & 3 John, and Jude.
Pseudepigrapha: Acts of Paul, the Didache, and the Shepherd of
Hermas.
29. Canonization of
Scripture
3. Athanasiaus, a fourth-century bishop of
Alexandria, sent out a cyclical letter
affirming the 27 books of the NT (367
A.D.). This is the first formal attestation
to our current canon.
30. Canonization of
Scripture
4. Council of Hippo (393 A.D.) and Council
of Carthage (397 A.D.) both affirmed our
current NT canon. They forbade claiming
any other writing as Scripture.
31. John of Damascus
730
A
A
A
A
A
Codex Claromontanus
400
A
A
A
A
B
Council of Carthage
397
A
A
A
A
A
Augustine
397
A
A
A
A
Council of Hippo A
393
A
A
A
A
A
Jerome
390
A
A
A
A
A
Gregory of Nazianzus
380
A
A
A
A
A
Athanasius
367
A
A
A
A
A
Council of Laodicea
363
A
A
A
A
A
Cyril of Jerusalem
348
A
A
A
A
A
Eusebius of Caesarea
324
A
A
B
B
Origen 225
A
A
B
B
B
A/C
Muratorian Fragment
170
A
Pauline Corpus
Gospels, Acts,
Testament,
2, 3 John
Hebrews
2 Peter
James
Old
32. John of Damascus
730
A
A
Codex Claromontanus
400
A
A
A
A
A
Council of Carthage
397
A
A
Augustine
397
A
A
Council of Hippo
393
A
A
Jerome
390
A
A
Gregory of Nazianzus
380
A
F
Athanasius
367
A
A
F
Council of Laodicea
363
A
Cyril of Jerusalem F
348
A
F
Eusebius of Caesarea
324
B
F
F
Origen 225
A
B
Muratorian Fragment
170
A
A
C
F
Apocalypse of
Shepherd of
Revelation
1 Clement
Barnabas
Hermas
Peter
Jude
33. Canonization of
Scripture
Suggested Criteria Used by the Early
Church in the Canonization Process
34. Canonization of
Scripture
1. Was it written by an apostle or at least by
someone of recognized authority (“under
the apostolic umbrella”)?
2. Did it agree with the canon of truth? Did it
contradict known Scripture?
3. Did it have a self-authenticating nature?
4. Did the Church accept it?
35. Canonization of
Scripture
“In the matter of canonical Scriptures, he should follow the
authority of the greater number of catholic [universal] churches,
among which are those that deserve to have apostolic seats and
receive epistles. He will observe this rule concerning canonical
Scriptures, that he would prefer those accepted by all catholic
[universal] churches to those which some do not accept; among
those which are not accepted by all, he should prefer those
accepted by the largest number of most important churches to
those held by a few minor churches of less authority. If he
discovers that some are maintained by the larger number of
churches, others by churches of the weightiest authority,
although this condition is not likely, he should hold them to be
of equal value.”
—Augustine
On Christian Doctrine 2.8
36. Excursus:
Bible Translations
• What is the best Bible translation?
• What translation should I use for study?
• Is The Message an acceptable translation?
37. Excursus:
Bible Translations
Translation Theories:
• Formal Equivalence (word for word)
• Dynamic Equivalence (thought for
thought)
• Paraphrase
38. Interlinear
ASV ASV: American Standard Version
NASB: New American Standard
NASB KJV: King James Version
NKJV: New King James Version
KJV RSV: Revised Standard Version
ESV: English Standard Version
NKJV NET: New English Translation
NIV: New International Version
RSV NLT: New Living Translation
GNB: Good News Bible
ESV LB: Living Bible
NET
Bar 1
PMT: Phillips Modern Translation
Message: Eugene Peterson Bible
NIV
NLT
GNB
LB
PMT
Message
Dynamic Equivalence
Formal Equivalence Paraphrase
thought for thought
word for word