The document discusses the doctrine of sola scriptura and compares it to alternative views of scriptural authority. It outlines five primary views, including sola ecclesia which argues that both scripture and tradition as defined by the Catholic Church are equally authoritative. The document also presents arguments for sola ecclesia and responses to those arguments from the perspective of sola scriptura.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 3)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the transmission of Scripture from its original writing to present copies. It addresses how we know the Bible has been accurately transmitted despite being copied by hand for centuries. The document outlines that textual criticism examines manuscript variants to reconstruct the original text. For the Old Testament, the Masoretes standardized the Hebrew text from 500-1000 AD using meticulous copying practices. For the New Testament, there are many early manuscripts and copies made within the first few centuries show it was accurately transmitted.
Period of Spiritual Instruction introduction to EschatologyJames Willis
The document provides an introduction to the topic of eschatology, or the study of end times. It summarizes that 27% of the Bible contains prophecies, and outlines nine important end times prophecies from the Bible. It also describes key elements of eschatology including biblical covenants, dispensations, the roles of Israel, the church, and nations in end times, and the order of end times events like the rapture and second coming. The document aims to explain why the study of eschatology is important and asks whether readers are prepared for Jesus' return.
Notes to accompany HOW WE GOT THE BIBLE
Many have claimed that the Old Testament contains a number of myths and legends which were created by Jewish writers in the two or three centuries before the time of Christ or soon thereafter. Others would claim that most of the New Testament was written well into the late second century AD by Christian apologists who were creating a Jesus very different from the historical person. They would claim that the gospels are not an eye-witness account at all. Another common claim is that the original writings of the apostles were radically edited by the Catholic Church in the period after the conversion of the Roman Empire, to reflect Catholic doctrine. These people would claim that the doctrines found in the New Testament are very different from the original teachings of Jesus Christ. Still others will claim
that there were additional gospels written by the apostles which were excluded by leaders in the early church because of their bias against certain teachings...
O documento discute a Bíblia, sua inspiração e autoria divina. Explica que Deus inspirou os autores humanos para escrever as verdades reveladas. Também discute a Tradição da Igreja como complemento à interpretação da Bíblia e depositária do ensinamento de Cristo.
I. O documento discute a doutrina cristológica sobre a divindade e humanidade de Jesus Cristo.
II. Jesus Cristo é plenamente Deus e plenamente homem em uma só pessoa.
III. A divindade e humanidade de Cristo são necessárias para que Ele pudesse ser nosso sacrifício substitutivo e mediador entre Deus e os homens.
The Pentateuch refers to the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books cover the origins of humanity, the salvation of God's people from Egypt, their journey in the wilderness, and instructions for living according to God's laws. Jewish and Christian tradition holds that Moses was the primary author or originator of the writings in the Pentateuch, as various passages directly attribute parts of Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy to him.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 3)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the transmission of Scripture from its original writing to present copies. It addresses how we know the Bible has been accurately transmitted despite being copied by hand for centuries. The document outlines that textual criticism examines manuscript variants to reconstruct the original text. For the Old Testament, the Masoretes standardized the Hebrew text from 500-1000 AD using meticulous copying practices. For the New Testament, there are many early manuscripts and copies made within the first few centuries show it was accurately transmitted.
Period of Spiritual Instruction introduction to EschatologyJames Willis
The document provides an introduction to the topic of eschatology, or the study of end times. It summarizes that 27% of the Bible contains prophecies, and outlines nine important end times prophecies from the Bible. It also describes key elements of eschatology including biblical covenants, dispensations, the roles of Israel, the church, and nations in end times, and the order of end times events like the rapture and second coming. The document aims to explain why the study of eschatology is important and asks whether readers are prepared for Jesus' return.
Notes to accompany HOW WE GOT THE BIBLE
Many have claimed that the Old Testament contains a number of myths and legends which were created by Jewish writers in the two or three centuries before the time of Christ or soon thereafter. Others would claim that most of the New Testament was written well into the late second century AD by Christian apologists who were creating a Jesus very different from the historical person. They would claim that the gospels are not an eye-witness account at all. Another common claim is that the original writings of the apostles were radically edited by the Catholic Church in the period after the conversion of the Roman Empire, to reflect Catholic doctrine. These people would claim that the doctrines found in the New Testament are very different from the original teachings of Jesus Christ. Still others will claim
that there were additional gospels written by the apostles which were excluded by leaders in the early church because of their bias against certain teachings...
O documento discute a Bíblia, sua inspiração e autoria divina. Explica que Deus inspirou os autores humanos para escrever as verdades reveladas. Também discute a Tradição da Igreja como complemento à interpretação da Bíblia e depositária do ensinamento de Cristo.
I. O documento discute a doutrina cristológica sobre a divindade e humanidade de Jesus Cristo.
II. Jesus Cristo é plenamente Deus e plenamente homem em uma só pessoa.
III. A divindade e humanidade de Cristo são necessárias para que Ele pudesse ser nosso sacrifício substitutivo e mediador entre Deus e os homens.
The Pentateuch refers to the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books cover the origins of humanity, the salvation of God's people from Egypt, their journey in the wilderness, and instructions for living according to God's laws. Jewish and Christian tradition holds that Moses was the primary author or originator of the writings in the Pentateuch, as various passages directly attribute parts of Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy to him.
El documento presenta una introducción al libro de Hechos de los Apóstoles. Explica que Lucas y Hechos forman una obra en dos volúmenes escrita por Lucas para Teófilo. Resume las divisiones principales de Hechos y los eventos clave en los primeros capítulos como Pentecostés, la promesa del Espíritu Santo, y la Ascensión de Jesús al cielo.
Estamos frente a uno de los ministerios más grandes y más importantes que pueda haber. Al hablar del ministerio de los ancianos en la iglesia es necesario clarificar y unificar conceptos al respecto. Por lo general, predomina en la mente de los cristianos, una concepción no bíblica acerca de este ministro del Señor. Así que se hace necesario releer para refrescar en nuestras mentes lo que el Señor quiere que entendamos de este ministerio tan preponderante. Por eso este estudio del ministerio pastoral.
Introduction to Survey of the New Testamentjwbrady1
The document provides an introduction to studying the New Testament. It notes that the NT is a collection of 27 books that cover about 100 years, fulfilling Messianic prophecy and culminating in Jesus Christ's redemption of humanity. The NT is characterized as a New Covenant between God and humans, replacing the provisional sacrifices of the Old Testament with Christ's ultimate sacrifice. Authorship of the NT books is traditionally attributed to apostles and their associates who were eyewitnesses of Jesus.
New Testament Survey - no.19: Paul - Letter to EphesusClive Ashby
As part of the New Testament Survey Course, Session 19 provides an overview of the letter of the Apostle Paul to the church in the city of Ephesus. This is one of the prison letters of Paul, written from his imprisonment in Rome. (Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016)
Este documento describe la singularidad de la Biblia, resumiendo que es una colección de libros escrita por diferentes autores en diferentes épocas y lugares pero con una unidad temática, y ha sido traducida a más idiomas y circulado más ampliamente que cualquier otro libro a lo largo de la historia.
1) Os romanos ajudaram a espalhar o cristianismo através de seu império e sistema de estradas, enquanto os gregos prepararam as pessoas para aceitar uma nova religião através da filosofia e destruição de religiões antigas.
2) Os judeus contribuíram com seu monoteísmo, esperança no Messias, ética e o Antigo Testamento, preparando o caminho para o cristianismo.
3) Juntos, gregos, romanos e judeus criaram as condições para que Crist
O documento apresenta um resumo introdutório sobre o Novo Testamento, abordando sua composição, período de escrita e ordem dos livros. Também discute brevemente os quatro evangelhos, explicando como cada um foi escrito para uma classe específica de pessoas.
Notes and Power Point for a class on the Pentecostal Movement, miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit and the work of the Holy Spirit by John Oakes in San Diego 8/11/2011.
1. Paulo escreveu a Primeira Epístola aos Coríntios para repreender os pecados da igreja em Corinto e responder perguntas sobre a vida e doutrina cristã.
2. A igreja em Corinto estava dividida em facções e tinha falsos ensinos.
3. Paulo ensina sobre a unidade da igreja, a sabedoria de Deus versus a sabedoria humana e adverte contra o relaxamento moral.
El documento resume el contexto histórico, político, cultural y religioso del mundo del Nuevo Testamento. Explica que el Imperio Romano gobernaba la región, mientras que el Helenismo había extendido la cultura y lengua griegas. En el plano religioso, el judaísmo coexistía con las religiones paganas del Imperio. El documento también describe las principales sectas del judaísmo y la dispersión de los judíos por el mundo (la Diáspora).
O documento discute o período interbíblico entre o Antigo e o Novo Testamento. Explica que este período de cerca de 400 anos é dividido em seis períodos históricos: o período persa, o período grego, o período grego-egípcio, o período grego-sírio, o período macabeu e o período romano. Também discute aspectos como a influência cultural grega e a tradução da Bíblia para o grego na Septuaginta durante
The Pentateuch, also known as the Torah, refers to the first five books of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books were traditionally taught to Jewish children as the primary purpose of education was learning and obeying God's law. Parents played the central role in teaching their children about God through everyday discussions and modeling obedience to his commands. The home was viewed as the most important institution for early education.
O documento fornece um panorama do Novo Testamento, discutindo seu contexto histórico e social. Em particular, descreve as principais instituições, influências religiosas, seitas e festas da sociedade judaica neotestamentária, além de resumir brevemente a literatura da época.
Epístolas Gerais - I e II Pedro, I II e III João, Judas.RODRIGO FERREIRA
I e II Pedro, I II e III João, Judas, imperadores romanos, pedro, petro, tu és pedro e sobre esta rocha edificarei minha igreja, deveres dos casados, santidade.
The document discusses the Gutenberg Bible of the New York Public Library, which was bought by James Lenox in 1847. It was the first Gutenberg Bible to come to the United States, and according to national folklore, the officers at the New York Customs House removed their hats upon seeing it due to its importance.
1. O documento apresenta um resumo da aula 2 do curso "História da Igreja I" ministrado pelo Pr. Moisés Sampaio de Paula. 2. Serão estudados tópicos como o mundo do Novo Testamento, o Judaísmo, a vida e obra de Jesus Cristo e dos apóstolos. 3. Inclui também informações sobre o Judaísmo, o Sinédrio, os diferentes tipos de judeus e detalhes sobre a vida e obra de Jesus e dos doze apóstolos.
El documento presenta a San Pablo como una figura importante para la Iglesia cristiana. Fue un perseguidor de cristianos que tuvo una conversión en el camino a Damasco y se convirtió en uno de los mayores teólogos y pensadores del cristianismo. Escribió varias cartas que han influenciado profundamente a millones de cristianos. La carta a los Tesalonicenses, una de sus primeras cartas, ofrece consuelo a la comunidad sobre el destino de los fieles difuntos y la segunda venida de Cristo.
O documento resume os principais tópicos do Novo Testamento, incluindo a estrutura, os evangelhos, Atos, as cartas de Paulo, as cartas gerais e detalhes sobre cada um.
1.3 canon, creeds and heresy presentationjamiemcmillan
The early Christians faced many challenges that forced them to define and defend their beliefs. They developed creeds and established orthodox doctrines to distinguish themselves from heresies like Gnosticism and Docetism. Church leadership structures emerged with bishops, priests, and deacons. Important Church Fathers like Irenaeus wrote to refute heresies and established what books were part of the biblical canon.
This document discusses how church history is important for developing theology from the Bible. It provides four ways that church history can be used:
1) Content - What biblical ideas are affirmed or omitted through history. Examples given are writings affirming Galatians 3.
2) Continuation - How much of what earlier writers said is continued by later writers. An example is how Athanasius continued opposing Arianism.
3) Context - Who said what when. Examples show ideas before Luther in England with John Wycliffe and in Hungary with John Hus.
4) Clarity - How much outside factors like persecution or philosophy affected what writers said. An example given is how persecution may have impacted Or
El documento presenta una introducción al libro de Hechos de los Apóstoles. Explica que Lucas y Hechos forman una obra en dos volúmenes escrita por Lucas para Teófilo. Resume las divisiones principales de Hechos y los eventos clave en los primeros capítulos como Pentecostés, la promesa del Espíritu Santo, y la Ascensión de Jesús al cielo.
Estamos frente a uno de los ministerios más grandes y más importantes que pueda haber. Al hablar del ministerio de los ancianos en la iglesia es necesario clarificar y unificar conceptos al respecto. Por lo general, predomina en la mente de los cristianos, una concepción no bíblica acerca de este ministro del Señor. Así que se hace necesario releer para refrescar en nuestras mentes lo que el Señor quiere que entendamos de este ministerio tan preponderante. Por eso este estudio del ministerio pastoral.
Introduction to Survey of the New Testamentjwbrady1
The document provides an introduction to studying the New Testament. It notes that the NT is a collection of 27 books that cover about 100 years, fulfilling Messianic prophecy and culminating in Jesus Christ's redemption of humanity. The NT is characterized as a New Covenant between God and humans, replacing the provisional sacrifices of the Old Testament with Christ's ultimate sacrifice. Authorship of the NT books is traditionally attributed to apostles and their associates who were eyewitnesses of Jesus.
New Testament Survey - no.19: Paul - Letter to EphesusClive Ashby
As part of the New Testament Survey Course, Session 19 provides an overview of the letter of the Apostle Paul to the church in the city of Ephesus. This is one of the prison letters of Paul, written from his imprisonment in Rome. (Course taught at Harare Theological College - 2016)
Este documento describe la singularidad de la Biblia, resumiendo que es una colección de libros escrita por diferentes autores en diferentes épocas y lugares pero con una unidad temática, y ha sido traducida a más idiomas y circulado más ampliamente que cualquier otro libro a lo largo de la historia.
1) Os romanos ajudaram a espalhar o cristianismo através de seu império e sistema de estradas, enquanto os gregos prepararam as pessoas para aceitar uma nova religião através da filosofia e destruição de religiões antigas.
2) Os judeus contribuíram com seu monoteísmo, esperança no Messias, ética e o Antigo Testamento, preparando o caminho para o cristianismo.
3) Juntos, gregos, romanos e judeus criaram as condições para que Crist
O documento apresenta um resumo introdutório sobre o Novo Testamento, abordando sua composição, período de escrita e ordem dos livros. Também discute brevemente os quatro evangelhos, explicando como cada um foi escrito para uma classe específica de pessoas.
Notes and Power Point for a class on the Pentecostal Movement, miraculous gifts of the Holy Spirit and the work of the Holy Spirit by John Oakes in San Diego 8/11/2011.
1. Paulo escreveu a Primeira Epístola aos Coríntios para repreender os pecados da igreja em Corinto e responder perguntas sobre a vida e doutrina cristã.
2. A igreja em Corinto estava dividida em facções e tinha falsos ensinos.
3. Paulo ensina sobre a unidade da igreja, a sabedoria de Deus versus a sabedoria humana e adverte contra o relaxamento moral.
El documento resume el contexto histórico, político, cultural y religioso del mundo del Nuevo Testamento. Explica que el Imperio Romano gobernaba la región, mientras que el Helenismo había extendido la cultura y lengua griegas. En el plano religioso, el judaísmo coexistía con las religiones paganas del Imperio. El documento también describe las principales sectas del judaísmo y la dispersión de los judíos por el mundo (la Diáspora).
O documento discute o período interbíblico entre o Antigo e o Novo Testamento. Explica que este período de cerca de 400 anos é dividido em seis períodos históricos: o período persa, o período grego, o período grego-egípcio, o período grego-sírio, o período macabeu e o período romano. Também discute aspectos como a influência cultural grega e a tradução da Bíblia para o grego na Septuaginta durante
The Pentateuch, also known as the Torah, refers to the first five books of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books were traditionally taught to Jewish children as the primary purpose of education was learning and obeying God's law. Parents played the central role in teaching their children about God through everyday discussions and modeling obedience to his commands. The home was viewed as the most important institution for early education.
O documento fornece um panorama do Novo Testamento, discutindo seu contexto histórico e social. Em particular, descreve as principais instituições, influências religiosas, seitas e festas da sociedade judaica neotestamentária, além de resumir brevemente a literatura da época.
Epístolas Gerais - I e II Pedro, I II e III João, Judas.RODRIGO FERREIRA
I e II Pedro, I II e III João, Judas, imperadores romanos, pedro, petro, tu és pedro e sobre esta rocha edificarei minha igreja, deveres dos casados, santidade.
The document discusses the Gutenberg Bible of the New York Public Library, which was bought by James Lenox in 1847. It was the first Gutenberg Bible to come to the United States, and according to national folklore, the officers at the New York Customs House removed their hats upon seeing it due to its importance.
1. O documento apresenta um resumo da aula 2 do curso "História da Igreja I" ministrado pelo Pr. Moisés Sampaio de Paula. 2. Serão estudados tópicos como o mundo do Novo Testamento, o Judaísmo, a vida e obra de Jesus Cristo e dos apóstolos. 3. Inclui também informações sobre o Judaísmo, o Sinédrio, os diferentes tipos de judeus e detalhes sobre a vida e obra de Jesus e dos doze apóstolos.
El documento presenta a San Pablo como una figura importante para la Iglesia cristiana. Fue un perseguidor de cristianos que tuvo una conversión en el camino a Damasco y se convirtió en uno de los mayores teólogos y pensadores del cristianismo. Escribió varias cartas que han influenciado profundamente a millones de cristianos. La carta a los Tesalonicenses, una de sus primeras cartas, ofrece consuelo a la comunidad sobre el destino de los fieles difuntos y la segunda venida de Cristo.
O documento resume os principais tópicos do Novo Testamento, incluindo a estrutura, os evangelhos, Atos, as cartas de Paulo, as cartas gerais e detalhes sobre cada um.
1.3 canon, creeds and heresy presentationjamiemcmillan
The early Christians faced many challenges that forced them to define and defend their beliefs. They developed creeds and established orthodox doctrines to distinguish themselves from heresies like Gnosticism and Docetism. Church leadership structures emerged with bishops, priests, and deacons. Important Church Fathers like Irenaeus wrote to refute heresies and established what books were part of the biblical canon.
This document discusses how church history is important for developing theology from the Bible. It provides four ways that church history can be used:
1) Content - What biblical ideas are affirmed or omitted through history. Examples given are writings affirming Galatians 3.
2) Continuation - How much of what earlier writers said is continued by later writers. An example is how Athanasius continued opposing Arianism.
3) Context - Who said what when. Examples show ideas before Luther in England with John Wycliffe and in Hungary with John Hus.
4) Clarity - How much outside factors like persecution or philosophy affected what writers said. An example given is how persecution may have impacted Or
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 4)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the canonization of scripture, specifically addressing questions about how we know which books belong in the Bible. It outlines several facts and fables regarding how canonicity is determined. The key facts are that prophetic nature, apostolic authority, and God alone determine canonicity. It also discusses the process of canonization for both the Old and New Testaments, highlighting the recognition of the canon by the early church rather than any formal decree.
“Scripture Alone” was one of Luther’s slogans, the Luther who excelled at reducing complex theological arguments to simple slogans, the Luther who started the debate of Scripture vs. Tradition. Not all Reformation debates were new, but the debate of Scripture v. Tradition was a new debate, before the Reformation theologians had never debated whether Tradition was equal to Scriptures. Luther was the reformer who coined the phrase, Scripture Alone, and also, Faith Alone. As we see in our videos on Luther’s Catechism, Luther was a genius at coining memorable phrases and slogans.
The decrees of Vatican II no longer strive to be confrontational with the Protestant Churches but rather seeks dialogue with them as separated brethren. No longer does the official Catholic Church seek polemic arguments on topics such as Scripture vs. Tradition. One of the clerics whose writings most influenced the decrees of Vatican II was Yves Congar, including his work on the Meaning of Tradition.
We also discuss:
• How Yves Congar was one of the leading theologians of the Second Vatican Council.
• References to tradition in the Gospels and Pauline Epistles, and the dangers of proof-texting.
• References to Scripture and Tradition in the Council and Decrees of Trent, and Vatican II.
• Examples of Catholic Tradition in the Ecumenical Councils, the Didache, and St Augustine’s Confessions.
• Yves Congar’s reservations on the Protestant Theory of the Sufficiency of Scripture, and how Catholics believe in our personal relationship with Jesus, and the question, Do you accept Jesus Christ as your personal Lord and Savior?
• How the release of the proceedings of the Council of Trent led to the publication of Herbert Jedine’s history of Trent and was the main source for John O’Malley’s excellent history of Vatican II.
• How Yves Congar’s book, Meaning of Tradition, is reflected in the Dogmatic Constitution covering Tradition and Scripture, Dei Verbum.
• Jedine’s history is the main source for John O’Malley’s book below.
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The document discusses the Catholic Church's tradition of handing down faith from generation to generation through both oral and written means. It outlines that sacred tradition and scripture together constitute God's revelation, with tradition encompassing how the Church preserves and shares the faith through preaching, teachings, prayers, customs and more. Some traditions are based more firmly in scripture and apostolic teaching, while others arose from cultural practices. The Magisterium safeguards and clarifies the traditions.
The document discusses various aspects of scripture and canonization. It provides background on how the books of the Bible were collected and recognized as sacred texts over time. It also discusses the Apocrypha, which contains books that were considered useful but not inspired, and "lost books" that are mentioned in the Bible but not contained within it. The document explores different sources that provide religious truth or insight, ranging from canonized scripture to personal revelation.
Christianity is the largest religion in the world with over 2 billion followers. It developed out of Judaism in the 1st century CE and centers around the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe is the messiah. The religion is based on the Bible, which includes the Old and New Testaments, and teaches that there is one God who exists as the Holy Trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Major beliefs include the virgin birth of Jesus, his resurrection, and the prospect of a final judgment.
The document provides an overview of church history from the early church to the Reformation. It discusses the rise of heresies and divisions in the early church, the drift towards Catholicism, and highlights from the medieval period like the Crusades and scholasticism. It then summarizes the major figures of the Protestant Reformation like Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin and their challenges to Catholic doctrine and practices.
The document discusses the views of early church fathers on the relationship between Scripture and tradition. It provides examples from figures like Origen, Irenaeus, Cyprian, Basil, and Augustine who affirmed roles for both Scripture and tradition/the church. They viewed Scripture as central but not alone, and saw tradition/interpretation from the church as valuable. The document also discusses the process by which the biblical canon was formed, noting it was a gradual historical process not defined until later councils. This raises questions about whether the canon is a fallible list of infallible books for those who hold scripture alone as the highest authority.
- Scripture and Tradition together constitute the single deposit of revealed truth given by God to the Church and infallibly taught by the Magisterium.
- Scripture is the single collection of 73 books called the Bible, containing God's entire inspired written truth revealing himself and his saving plan.
- Tradition is what is revealed by God and handed on by the apostles, including things not explicitly in Scripture. The Magisterium teaches infallibly the revealed truths of Scripture and Tradition.
Let's Talk About Religion — Roman Catholicismryanjoy
Following the example of the apostle Paul, this series aims to equip us for reasonable dialogue with people from other religious backgrounds, acknowledging common ground and important differences. In this lesson, we seek a way to engage our Roman Catholic friends in conversation about religion.
The document provides an overview of how various early church fathers and reformers approached and used scripture. It discusses their views on sola scriptura and the relationship between scripture and tradition. Specific examples are given of Origen, Irenaeus, Cyprian, and Basil and how each used and viewed scripture. Origen accepted local traditions and the succession of apostolic tradition within churches. Irenaeus taught the succession of apostolic tradition as a hermeneutical tool. Cyprian used scripture to correct Rome at times. Basil viewed both scripture and tradition passed down from the apostles as of equal force. The document suggests most early church fathers did not take a strict sola script
Christianity is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and has over 2 billion followers worldwide. The document provides an overview of key aspects of Christianity including its sacred scriptures (the Bible), core beliefs and doctrines such as the Ten Commandments, major divisions and religious leaders, important symbols, and the historical foundations and spread of the religion since Jesus. Christianity began in Palestine around 100 CE and is now divided into Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, and Protestantism.
Here is a significant event from my life that reinforced my belief in God:
When I was in college, I was struggling financially and was worried about being able to afford continuing my education. I prayed fervently to God for help. Shortly after, I learned that a family member had left me a small inheritance that covered my tuition costs for the next two semesters. This answer to prayer in my time of need strengthened my faith that God is real and wants the best for us. It reminded me that all things are possible with God.
Instruction: As a Christian, share a Bible story that you love and the lessons you have learned from it that you are ready to share in class.
ACTIVITY
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This document provides an overview of a lecture on systematic theology. It defines systematic theology as organizing one's study of God in a logical, non-contradictory system based on what the entire Bible teaches on a given topic. It discusses why theology is important, as everyone has a theology that impacts their life. It also covers the doctrine of the Word of God, focusing on the Bible as God's written word, and examines the process of determining the canon of scripture for both the Old and New Testaments. The document contrasts this with apocryphal and pseudepigraphal works that were not accepted as part of the biblical canon.
The document discusses how understanding the historical and cultural context ("geohistory") of the Bible is important for properly interpreting its meaning. It describes how the Bible evolved over 2500 years through changing languages and interpretations influenced by developments in science, technology, and medicine. Interpreting passages requires distinguishing the original "media" (genre of text) from the underlying "message". Failing to consider the geohistorical context can lead to misinterpretations that have had tragic real-world consequences.
The document provides an introduction to scripture, explaining that scripture is the living word of God and essential for Christians to know Christ. It discusses that scripture developed over time from oral traditions to written texts and was eventually canonized. The Bible contains both the Old and New Testaments and is made up of different literary genres. While written through human authors, scripture is divinely inspired, and the Catholic Church teaches that it is inerrant in matters of faith and morals.
The document provides an overview of the Bible, including its definition, history, structure, and importance. Some key points:
- The Bible is a collection of 73 books recognized by the Catholic Church as inspired by God. It is divided into the Old and New Testaments.
- The books of the Bible were formed from oral traditions that were eventually written down. Various authors wrote different books at different times under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
- The Old Testament contains 46 books divided into the Pentateuch, Historical Books, Wisdom/Poetry books, and Prophetic Books. The New Testament contains 27 books divided into the Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Revelation.
-
The Bible is a collection of sacred writings that are recognized as authoritative by Christians. It consists of the Old Testament and New Testament. The Old Testament was written in Hebrew and Greek, while the New Testament was written in Greek. Both divisions contain books that were written over many centuries by different human authors but were inspired by God. The Bible provides insight into God, humanity, salvation history, and guidance for how to live as Christians. It plays a foundational role for the Church as the inspired Word of God.
Similar to Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 2) (20)
The document provides information about a Sunday worship attendance report on January 18, 2015 from 3 to 5 pm at the Real Life Center. It discusses plans to start 24 new simple churches between January and June 2015 and consolidate events at the Real Life Center to focus on establishing networks of simple churches scattered everywhere but united under one vision of communityship. Key initiatives include minimizing redundant events, implementing a "Report to One" policy for leaders, and a simple synchronized calendar starting in January 2015.
This document provides information about starting and transitioning to simple churches. It defines a simple church as a group of friends who come together regularly to learn from Jesus how to live, love, and lead like him. To start a simple church, 2-3 people invite their friends for regular gatherings focused on sharing life experiences rather than teaching. The goal is to empower people to grow in faith directly from Jesus. The document outlines a transition plan where existing groups form simple churches that meet elsewhere than the main center and are led by 2-3 people.
This document appears to be a collection of biblical passages from Genesis, Isaiah, Luke, Psalms, and other books of the Bible. The passages describe God's regret over human wickedness, his enduring love for humanity, Jesus weeping over Jerusalem, the psalmist's longing for God and lamenting being forgotten by God, and expressions of hope in God as savior. The document does not provide any other context or commentary.
The document provides guidance on choosing a romantic partner. It advises that one's relationship with God should be the most important. Additionally, it suggests choosing a partner who reveres God, has a secure identity, is a good match, has clear goals, and is trustworthy. The document encourages choosing with the end in mind and knowing what "right" looks like.
This document contains several Bible verses from Acts, 1 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians, and John about the Holy Spirit. The verses discuss Philip obeying the Spirit's command to approach a chariot, not relying on human wisdom but on God's power, being strengthened through the Spirit, and obeying God's commands so that one's joy may be complete.
This document outlines session three of a Bible study course. It discusses the importance of exposition, which involves theological thinking to understand scripture in context. Exposition is important but often skipped over in favor of just exegesis. The document provides guidelines for how to conduct exposition by holding a principalizing filter, examining cross references, and analyzing the passage in light of progressive revelation. It includes examples of exegesis and exposition of 1 Timothy 6:3-10. Participants are instructed to practice exposition on their own passages.
This document provides instruction on how to perform exegesis of biblical texts. It outlines four main steps: 1) discover the details of the text such as structure, atmosphere and terms; 2) interpret the details by asking and answering questions and validating interpretations; 3) generate exegetical statements on the theme, topic, truth and thrust; and 4) provides an example exegesis. The document concludes with practicing these steps on a passage and discussing as a group the exegesis process.
This document contains passages from Matthew chapter 6 that discuss how to pray privately rather than publicly to be seen by others. It also contains "The Lord's Prayer" from Matthew 6:9-13. The passages instruct believers to pray privately in their rooms rather than making public displays of prayer. They warn against empty, repetitive prayers and say God already knows our needs before we ask. The Lord's Prayer is given as an example prayer focusing on God, his kingdom, daily provision, forgiveness and deliverance from evil.
This document discusses how to preach effectively. It recommends selecting the best approach based on the "teaching frame", which includes factors like the occasion, objectives, situation, and audience. It also advises preaching with passion and using various illustrations. The goal should be life change rather than just providing information. Speakers are told to start strongly by raising a felt need and true need, and end by emphasizing the take-home message and nudging the audience toward application. Sharing what you've learned with others is also encouraged.
This document provides guidance and a checklist for leaders in a religious community. It outlines 20 items for leaders to complete, including meeting with advisers, creating ministry plans, forming teams, attending regular meetings, and enrolling in leadership programs. The checklist aims to help leaders effectively carry out their roles and be evaluated on criteria like effectiveness, productivity, and spirituality.
The document discusses looking for different literary structures and techniques in biblical texts, such as the amount of space devoted to different topics, stated purposes, order of material, movement from lesser to greater concepts, repetition, questions and answers, cause and effect, comparisons using "as" or "like", contrasts using "but", and discussions of strengths, problems, and struggles. Examples are provided for each type of literary structure.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 6)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the concept of inspiration and how it relates to the creation of the Bible. It defines inspiration as God guiding the biblical writers and giving them his words while fully utilizing their human abilities. It presents various theories of inspiration ranging from the Bible being entirely man-made to entirely dictated by God. However, it argues that the correct view is the verbal plenary theory, that the Bible is both 100% divine in origin and 100% human in authorship, with God inspiring the writers without error. The document also warns against an approach called "Biblical Docetism" that neglects the human elements and personalities of the biblical authors.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 6)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the concept of inspiration and how it relates to the creation of the Bible. It defines inspiration as God guiding the biblical writers and giving them his words while fully utilizing their human abilities. The document explores different theories of inspiration, from the Bible being entirely man-made to entirely divinely dictated. It argues that the correct view is that inspiration was a cooperative process between God and the human authors, resulting in text that is both fully divine and fully human.
This document discusses listening to children and new converts, taking scripture and turning it into prayer, and how holiness cannot be achieved quickly. It asks the purpose of the passage and how it can instruct in righteousness. It advises to read not only to receive messages but to retain them, as the messages are integrated. It references Mark 5:24b-34 and a Sherlock Holmes quote about observing what you see.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 5)Bong Baylon
The document summarizes the process of canonizing the New Testament books from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. It discusses how the NT authors viewed each other's writings as authoritative, and how early church fathers gradually recognized more books until the church councils of Hippo and Carthage established the 27-book canon in the late 4th century. Key events included Marcion proposing a limited canon in the 2nd century, Origen commenting on most NT books, and Athanasius issuing the first list of the current canon in 367 AD.
Bibliology and Hermeneutics (Session 5)Bong Baylon
The document discusses the canonization of Scripture, specifically the New Testament canon. It provides background on how the NT canon developed from the time of the apostles through the 4th century AD. Key points include:
1) The NT books were recognized as authoritative by the apostles and early Christians based on their connection to the apostles' teaching.
2) By the 2nd century AD, many church fathers referenced and quoted from most NT books as Scripture.
3) In the 4th century, church councils at Hippo and Carthage formally recognized the 27 books of the current NT canon.
4) The early church used criteria like apostolic authorship, agreement with established doctrine, and
The document discusses reading the Bible and provides tips for doing so effectively. It recommends reading entire biblical books in one sitting from beginning to end without quitting too soon. It also lists common questions like who, what, where, when, why and wherefore to keep in mind while reading to fully understand each book.
This document discusses the importance of observation in Bible study. It notes that the ability to see details is a skill that improves with practice. There are often two main reasons people don't get more from Bible study - they don't know how to read it effectively or they don't know what to look for. Three basic rules for improving observation are to learn to read the Bible better and faster, to read it as if for the first time by using different translations, and to read it as a love letter.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)heartfulness
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
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Introduction
Mantra Yoga is an exact science. "Mananat trayate iti mantrah- by the Manana (constant thinking or recollection) of which one is protected or is released from the round of births and deaths, is Mantra." That is called Mantra by the meditation (Manana) on which the Jiva or the individual soul attains freedom from sin, enjoyment in heaven and final liberation, and by the aid of which it attains in full the fourfold fruit (Chaturvarga), i.e., Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. A Mantra is so called because it is achieved by the mental process.
The pervasiveness of Lying in today's World.pptxniwres
In our interconnected world, lies weave through the fabric of society like hidden threads. We encounter them in politics, media, personal relationships, and even within ourselves. The prevalence of deception raises profound questions about truth, trust, and the human condition.
Tales of This and Another Life - Chapters.pdfMashaL38
This book is one of the best of the translated ones, for it has a warning character for all those who find themselves in the experience of material life. Irmão X provides a shrewd way of describing the subtleties and weaknesses that can jeopardize our intentions, making us more attentive and vigilant by providing us with his wise pages, reminding us between the lines of the Master's words: "Pray and watch."
Astronism, Cosmism and Cosmodeism: the space religions espousing the doctrine...Cometan
This lecture created by Brandon Taylorian (aka Cometan) specially for the CESNUR Conference held Bordeaux in June 2024 provides a brief introduction to the legacy of religious and philosophical thought that Astronism emerges from, namely the discourse on transcension started assuredly by the Cosmists in Russia in the mid-to-late nineteenth century and then carried on and developed by Mordecai Nessyahu in Cosmodeism in the twentieth century. Cometan also then provides some detail on his story in founding Astronism in the early twenty-first century from 2013 along with details on the central Astronist doctrine of transcension. Finally, the lecture concludes with some contributions made by space religions and space philosophy and their influences on various cultural facets in art, literature and film.
Lição 12: João 15 a 17 – O Espírito Santo e a Oração Sacerdotal | 2° Trimestr...OmarBarrezueta1
Esta lição é uma oportunidade para discutirmos um assunto multo mal interpretado no contexto cristão, que é o fato de algumas pessoas pensarem que o conhecer Jesus é ter a nossa vida mudada em todas as áreas, como se Deus tivesse o dever de transportar-nos deste mundo para um outro mundo onde muitas coisas maravilhosas que desejamos seriam reais. No entanto, a nossa fé não nos tira do mundo após nos convertermos; ao invés disso, permanecemos vivendo sob as mesmas circunstâncias. O propósito de Deus não é nos tirar do mundo, mas nos livrar das ações do maligno (Jo 17.15), Sendo assim, a vida eterna não significa estar fora da realidade deste mundo, mas conhecer o único Deus verdadeiro (Jo 17.3).
The Book of Revelation, filled with symbolic and apocalyptic imagery, presents one of its most striking visions in Revelation 9:3-12—the locust army. Understanding the significance of this locust army provides insight into the broader themes of divine judgment, protection, and the ultimate triumph of God’s will as depicted in Revelation.
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian
SBS – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
Lucid Dreaming: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
The ability to control one's dreams or for the dreamer to be aware that he or she is dreaming. This process, called lucid dreaming, has some potential risks as well as many fascinating benefits. However, many people are hesitant to try it initially for fear of the potential dangers. This article aims to clarify these concerns by exploring both the risks and benefits of lucid dreaming.
The Benefits of Lucid Dreaming
Lucid dreaming allows a person to take control of their dream world, helping them overcome their fears and eliminate nightmares. This technique is particularly useful for mental health. By taking control of their dreams, individuals can face challenging scenarios in a controlled environment, which can help reduce anxiety and increase self-confidence.
Addressing Common Concerns
Physical Harm in Dreams Lucid dreaming is fundamentally safe. In a lucid dream, everything is a creation of your mind. Therefore, nothing in the dream can physically harm you. Despite the vividness and realness of the dream experience, it remains entirely within your mental landscape, posing no physical danger.
Mental Health Risks Concerns about developing PTSD or other mental illnesses from lucid dreaming are unfounded. As soon as you wake up, it's clear that the events experienced in the dream were not real. On the contrary, lucid dreaming is often seen as a therapeutic tool for conditions like PTSD, as it allows individuals to reframe and manage their thoughts.
Potential Risks of Lucid Dreaming
While generally safe, lucid dreaming does come with a few risks as well:
Mixing Dream Memories with Reality Long-term lucid dreamers might occasionally confuse dream memories with real ones, creating false memories. This issue is rare and preventable by maintaining a dream journal and avoiding lucid dreaming about real-life people or places too frequently.
Escapism Using lucid dreaming to escape reality can be problematic if it interferes with your daily life. While it is sometimes beneficial to escape and relieve the stress of reality, relying on lucid dreaming for happiness can hinder personal growth and productivity.
Feeling Tired After Lucid Dreaming Some people report feeling tired after lucid dreaming. This tiredness is not due to the dreams themselves but often results from not getting enough sleep or using techniques that disrupt sleep patterns. Taking breaks and ensuring adequate sleep can prevent this.
Mental Exhaustion Lucid dreaming can be mentally taxing if practiced excessively without breaks. It’s important to balance lucid dreaming with regular sleep to avoid mental fatigue.
Lucid dreaming is safe and beneficial if done with caution. It has many benefits, such as overcoming fear and improving mental health, and minimal risks. There are many resources and tutorials available for those interested in trying it.
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Tracking "The Blessing" - Christianity · Spiritual Growth · Success
Do you ever feel like your Bible highlighting isn't quite enough to ignite lasting spiritual growth? Have you struggled to retain key takeaways from your Bible study sessions?
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In this video, you'll gain insights on:
How highlighting key verses and themes can enhance memory and retention of Scripture (we see a few key ones, here!)
Studies have shown that highlighting can significantly improve information recall. Highlighting key points visually reinforces them in your mind, leading to better long-term memory.
How to personalize your Bible study through strategic highlighting. Don't just highlight everything!
This video will teach you how to strategically highlight based on what resonates with you, focusing on central themes, recurring ideas, or connections between different passages.
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How connecting highlighted passages can reveal deeper biblical truths. By highlighting these connections, you can see the bigger picture and uncover the underlying messages within Scripture.
By the end of this video, you'll be equipped to unlock the hidden potential within your highlighted Bible and embark on a transformative spiritual growth journey! Don't forget to like and subscribe for more inspiring content on deepening your faith.
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3. Sola Scriptura
Questions:
1. What is Tradition?
2. Why does the Roman Catholic Church
reject sola Scriptura?
3. Why did the Reformers reject the absolute
authority of Tradition?
4. Is sola Scriptura to be blamed for all the
separation in the Protestant Church?
5. Can‘t I just study the Bible on my own and
let the Holy Spirit guide me to all truth?
6. Is sola Scriptura dangerous?
4. Sola Scriptura
Five Primary Views:
1. Sola Ecclesia
2. Prima Scriptura
3. Regula Fidei
4. Sola Scriptura
5. Solo Scriptua
5. Sola Scriptura
Sola Ecclesia: Tradition, represented by the
magisterial authority of the
Roman Catholic Church, is
infallible and equal to Scripture
as a basis for doctrine; it is the
final authority in all matters of
faith and practice, since it must
define and interpret Scripture.
Adherents: Roman Catholics
Alternate name: Dual-source theory
7. Sola Scriptura
1. The Scriptures clearly say that there were
many other things that Christ did that
were not written down.
8. Sola Scriptura
Jn. 21:25
―And there are also many other things which
Jesus did, which if they were written in
detail, I suppose that even the world itself
would not contain the books that would be
written.‖
9. Sola Scriptura
2. The New Testament writers clearly speak
about the importance of Tradition.
10. Sola Scriptura
2 Thess. 2:15
―So then, brethren, stand firm and hold to the
traditions which you were taught, whether by
word of mouth or by letter from us.‖
11. Sola Scriptura
1 Cor. 11:2
―I praise you because you remember me in
everything and maintain the traditions just as I
passed them on to you.‖
12. Sola Scriptura
Jude 1:3
―Dear friends, although I have been eager to
write to you about our common salvation, I
now feel compelled instead to write to
encourage you to contend earnestly for the
faith that was once for all entrusted to the
saints.‖
13. Sola Scriptura
3. Christ gave infallible authority over the
Church to the apostles and their successors
(apostolic succession), with Peter and his
successors being given the ultimate
authority in the Church (papacy or the
Seat of Rome).
14. Sola Scriptura
Jn. 20:23
[Christ, speaking to the apostles] ―If you
forgive anyone‘s sins, they are forgiven; if you
retain anyone‘s sins, they are retained.‖
15. Sola Scriptura
Matt. 18:18
―I tell you the truth, whatever you bind on
earth will have been bound in heaven, and
whatever you release on earth will have been
released in heaven.‖
16. Sola Scriptura
Matt. 16:17–19
―And Jesus answered him, ‗You are blessed, Simon
son of Jonah, because flesh and blood did not reveal
this to you, but my Father in heaven! And I tell you
that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my
church, and the gates of Hades will not overpower it.
I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven.
Whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in
heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have
been released in heaven.‖
17. Sola Scriptura
4. Without the infallible declaration of the
Church, there would be no way of
knowing what books belong in the canon
of Scripture.
18. Sola Scriptura
5. Without the infallible authority of the
Church, the Church would be hopelessly
divided on matters of doctrine and morals.
This would not be the Church that Christ
started.
19. Sola Scriptura
Jn. 17:22–23
―The glory you gave to me I have given to
them, that they may be one just as we are
one—I in them and you in me—that they may
be completely one, so that the world will
know that you sent me, and you have loved
them just as you have loved me.‖
21. Sola Scriptura
1. It is self-evident that the Bible did not record
everything that Jesus said and did. John‘s
purpose in telling his readers this is not because
he wants them to seek out ―unwritten Tradition‖
to learn of these other things, but because he
wants them to know that what he has recorded
contains sufficient information to bring one to
salvation. There is no reason to think that people
need exhaustive knowledge of all that Christ said
or did. The Bible is not exhaustive history, it is
theological history.
22. Sola Scriptura
Jn. 20:30–31
―Now Jesus performed many other miraculous
signs in the presence of the disciples, which
are not recorded in this book. But these are
recorded so that you may believe that Jesus is the
Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you
may have life in his name‖ (emphasis added).
23. Sola Scriptura
“Sola Scriptura [does not] claim that
everything Jesus or the apostles ever taught is
preserved in Scripture. It only means that
everything necessary, everything binding
on our consciences, and everything God
requires of us is given to us in Scripture.”
—John MacArthur
Sola Scriptura (Morgan, PA: Soli Deo Gloria, 1995), 166
24. Sola Scriptura
2. The New Testament does speak of the
importance of Tradition. But the Tradition that
is referred to in these passages is the Gospel
message that was eventually recorded in the
New Testament (regula fidei). There is no reason
to believe that the New Testament writers were
speaking of some infallible ―unwritten Tradition‖
that was separate from the message of the New
Testament and that was to be passed on through
an unbroken succession of bishops throughout
the ages.
25. Development of the
regula fidei
Gnostic
Controversies
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Time of the Apostles Apostolic Fathers Theologians
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 400
26. Development of the
regula fidei
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Time of the Apostles Apostolic Fathers Theologians
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 400
27. Development of the
regula fidei
Unwritten
Tradition
Gnostic Becomes
Controversies Unreliable
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Orthodoxy being established
according to the regula fidei
(“rule of faith”)
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Time of the Apostles Apostolic Fathers Theologians
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 400
28. Development of the
regula fidei
Unwritten
Tradition
Gnostic Becomes
Controversies Unreliable
Unwritten Tradition (Apostles’ teaching)
Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy being established articulated
according to the regula fidei through the
creeds and
(“rule of faith”)
councils
Written Tradition (New Testament)
Time of the Apostles Apostolic Fathers Theologians
A.D. 33 A.D. 100 A.D. 200 A.D. 400
29. Sola Scriptura
3. The belief in a lineage of apostolic
succession that includes absolute authority
and infallibility is untenable for many
reasons:
30. Sola Scriptura
– It is agreed that Peter and the apostles were
given authority and the guidance to teach the
truth. Their authority and teaching continues
today, not through an unbroken lineage of
succession, but through their teaching
contained in the Scripture.
31. Sola Scriptura
– The Scriptures presented concerning the
authority of the apostles concerns them alone.
There is nothing said either explicitly or
implicitly concerning the passing on of this
authority through apostolic succession.
32. Sola Scriptura
– The theory of Papal infallibility cannot be
found in the Church until the late Middle
Ages. It was not declared dogma by the
Catholic Church until Vatican I (1870).
33. Sola Scriptura
Vatican I 1870
―The Apostolic See and the Roman Pontiff [Pope]
hold primacy over the whole world, and that the
Pontiff of Rome himself is the successor of the
blessed Peter, the chief of the apostles, and is the true
vicar of Christ and head of the whole Church and
faith, and teacher of all Christians; and that to him
was handed down in blessed Peter, by our Lord Jesus
Christ, full power to feed, rule, and guide the
universal Church, just as is also contained in the
records of the ecumenical Councils and in the sacred
canons.‖
34. Sola Scriptura
Vatican I 1870
―When he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when carrying out the
duty of the pastor and teacher of all Christians in accord with
his supreme apostolic authority he explains a doctrine of faith or
morals to be held by the Universal Church, through the divine
assistance promised him in blessed Peter, operates with that
infallibility with which the divine Redeemer wished that His
church be instructed in defining doctrine on faith and morals;
and so such definitions of the Roman Pontiff from himself, but
not from the consensus of the Church, are unalterable”
(emphases added).
35. Sola Scriptura
– If God wanted believers to see the Church as an
institutional authority that houses infallibility, either
through the unity of the bishops or the ex cathedra
statements of the Pope, then it goes without saying
that this would be a primary doctrine that the Bible
should explicitly address. While the Scriptures
contain many opportunities to teach this, either
through example in the book of Acts or through
explicit instruction in the Pastoral epistles, there is no
such teaching.
36. Sola Scriptura
To rely solely upon unwritten Tradition begs
the question and makes one wonder why such
an important doctrine is unmentioned in
Scripture. All attempts to find the doctrine of
infallible apostolic succession in Scripture
must be labeled as eisegetical theology
(reading your theology into the text, rather
than deriving one‘s theology from the text).
38. Sola Scriptura
4. It is true that there is no inspired table of contents in the
Scripture. But it is equally true that the Scriptures do not
teach Papal infallibility or the infallibility of tradition.
When is comes to the issue of the canon, we must not
look for a declaration producing absolute certainty
(infallible certainty), but a recognition producing moral
certainty (obligation imposed by the weight of the
evidence). This evidence is substantial and morally binds
the informed responsible thinker to submit to the
evidence. The Roman Catholic solution of infallible
Tradition does not resolve anything, since according to
Roman Catholics Scripture was not infallibly declared
until the Council of Trent (1545–1563).
40. Sola Scriptura
– The unity that Christ prayed for was not
absolute creedal unity, but functional ontological
unity. This was fulfilled at Pentecost when
the Holy Spirit baptized all believers into one
Body.
41. Sola Scriptura
– There is, however, a basic creed of essential beliefs
that has evidenced this ontological unity and the
mutual indwelling of the Holy Spirit since the
beginning of the Church, but this creed is
functional, not exhaustive. The Church has never had
absolute creedal unity on every doctrine, and we
should not expect it to until Christ comes, since we
all ―see in a mirror dimly‖ (1 Cor. 13:12). In fact, it
could be argued that God‘s intentions have been to
purposefully keep creedal tension within the Church
so that comprehension would be maximized.
Without tension and controversy caused by
disagreements, people would become intellectually
lazy. We see this in all traditions whose main source
for doctrine is folk theology.
42. Sola Scriptura
– It must also be stressed that from the
outsider‘s perspective, Catholicism is just one
denomination among the many thousands.
The Pope could very well be seen as a
divider, rather than one who unites, since the
Papacy was the primary cause of the Great
Schism in 1054 and a major reason for the
Reformation in the sixteenth century.
43. Sola Scriptura
– Nevertheless, this does not excuse the
Protestant church‘s lack of practical unity.
We should all strive to exemplify what we
truly are (the unified body of Christ).
44. Some Beliefs and Practices in Which
Christians Have Always Been Unified
1. Belief in God 13. Belief in God‘s righteousness
2. Belief that God created everything 14. Belief in the need for prayer
3. Belief in the Trinity 15. Belief in morality
4. Belief in the hypostatic union 16. Belief in evil
5. Belief in the resurrection of Christ 17. Practice of baptism
6. Belief in the atonement 18. Practice of the Lord‘s
Supper/Eucharist
7. Belief in the sinfulness of man
19. Belief in the Second Coming of
8. Belief in the necessity of faith in Christ
Christ
20. Belief in final judgment
9. Belief in the guidance of the Holy
Spirit 21. Belief in the new heaven and new
earth
10. Belief in the inspiration of Scripture
22. Belief in the same 66 books of the
11. Belief in the authority of Scripture canon (at least)
12. Belief in God‘s love 23. Belief in the need to love others
24. Belief in the need to love God
46. Sola Scriptura
1. The Scripture implicitly and explicitly
speaks of its sufficiency.
47. Sola Scriptura
2 Tim. 3:14–17
―You, however, must continue in the things you have
learned and are confident about. You know who
taught you and how from infancy you have known the
holy writings, which are able to give you wisdom for
salvation through faith in Christ Jesus. All scripture is
inspired by God and useful for teaching, for
reproof, for correction, and for training in
righteousness, that the person dedicated to God may
be capable and equipped for every good work.‖
48. Sola Scriptura
Three things this passage teaches us:
1. Scriptures are sufficient for salvation.
2. Scriptures are sufficient for sanctification.
3. Scriptures are uniquely God-breathed
(theopnoustos). Tradition is never given this
designation or any similar designation.
49. Sola Scriptura
Ps. 119
This Psalm is an acclamation of the Scriptures, made up of 176
verses (longest chapter in the Bible) mentioning the Word of
God 178 times using 10 different synonyms. The Scriptures
are presented as being totally sufficient for the follower of
God in all matters pertaining to instruction, training, and
correction. It is significant that though Scripture is mentioned
178 times, the concept of unwritten Tradition is never
mentioned once. In fact, there is no acclamation of or
meditation on unwritten Tradition in such a way anywhere in
Scripture. This would be problematic if one were to believe
that the concept of unwritten Tradition is on equal footing as
Scripture, yet the Bible never mentions it. It would be the
greatest case of neglect that one could find.
50. Sola Scriptura
Acts 17:10–11
―The brothers sent Paul and Silas off to Berea
at once, during the night. When they
arrived, they went to the Jewish synagogue.
These Jews were more open-minded than
those in Thessalonica, for they eagerly
received the message, examining the scriptures
carefully every day to see if these things were
so.‖
51. Sola Scriptura
2. Scripture explicitly states that no one is to add to
or take away from the Word of God. These
warnings would be meaningless if there was not
some objective way for one to judge if he or she
was adding to God‘s Word, since unwritten
tradition is by nature beyond this type of
examination. These commands are warnings
against traditions that add to the complete and
sufficient Word of God. They would only make
sense if the Scriptures were sufficient and
complete.
52. Sola Scriptura
Deut. 4:2
―Do not add a thing to what I command you
nor subtract from it, so that you may keep the
commandments of the LORD your God that I
am delivering to you.‖
53. Sola Scriptura
Rev. 22:18–19
―I testify to the one who hears the words of the
prophecy contained in this book: If anyone
adds to them, God will add to him the plagues
described in this book. And if anyone takes
away from the words of this book of
prophecy, God will take away his share in the
tree of life and in the holy city that are
described in this book.‖
54. Sola Scriptura
Concerning the sufficiency of Scripture, the
Westminster Catechism says:
―The whole counsel of God, concerning all things
necessary for his own glory, man‘s
salvation, faith, and life, is either expressly set down
in scripture, or by good and necessary consequence
may be deduced from scripture; unto which, nothing
at any time is to be added, whether by new
revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men‖ (1:6).
55. Sola Scriptura
3. If the Roman pontiff, the ―Vicar of Christ,‖
or the magisterium is going to speak on
behalf of Christ, being successors to the
apostles‘ office, authority, and
infallibility, they must show the signs of
one who speaks for God as prescribed in
Scripture.
56. Sola Scriptura
Deut. 18:20–22
―But if any prophet presumes to speak anything in my
name that I have not authorized him to speak, or
speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet must
die. Now if you say to yourselves, ‗How can we tell
that a message is not from the LORD?‘—whenever a
prophet speaks in my name and the prediction is not
fulfilled, then I have not spoken it; the prophet has
presumed to speak it, so you need not fear him.‖
57. Sola Scriptura
2 Cor. 12:12
―Indeed, the signs of an apostle were
performed among you with great perseverance
by signs and wonders and powerful deeds. ―
58. Sola Scriptura
4. The Scriptures speak explicitly against the
―traditions of men‖ as misleading and often
in opposition to God‘s written Word.
Therefore, all traditions must submit to
Scripture.
59. Sola Scriptura
Matt. 15:2–6
―‗Why do your disciples disobey the tradition of the
elders? For they don't wash their hands when they
eat.‘ He answered them, ‗And why do you disobey
the commandment of God because of your tradition?
For God said, ‗Honor your father and mother‘ and
‗Whoever insults his father or mother must be put to
death.‘ But you say, ‗If someone tells his father or
mother, ‗Whatever help you would have received
from me is given to God,‘‘ he does not need to honor
his father. You have nullified the word of God on
account of your tradition.‖
60. Sola Scriptura
5. The early and early-medieval church
supported an unarticulated and
undeveloped doctrine of sola Scriptura.
61. Sola Scriptura
Irenaeus (ca. 150)
Against Heresies 3.1.1
―We have learned from none others the plan of
our salvation, than from those through whom
the gospel has come down to us, which they
did at one time proclaim in public, and, at a
later period, by the will of God, handed down
to us in the Scriptures, to be the ground and
pillar of our faith.‖
62. Sola Scriptura
Clement of Alexandria (d. 215)
The Stromata, 7:16
―But those who are ready to toil in the most
excellent pursuits, will not desist from the
search after truth, till they get the
demonstration from the Scriptures
themselves.‖
63. Sola Scriptura
Gregory of Nyssa (d. ca. 395)
“On the Holy Trinity,” NPNF, p. 327
―Let the inspired Scriptures then be our
umpire, and the vote of truth will be given to
those whose dogmas are found to agree with
the Divine words.‖
64. Sola Scriptura
Athanasius (c. 296–373)
Against the Heathen, 1:3
―The holy and inspired Scriptures are fully
sufficient for the proclamation of the truth.‖
65. Sola Scriptura
Basil the Great (ca. 329–379)
On the Holy Spirit, 7.16
―We are not content simply because this is the
tradition of the Fathers. What is important is
that the Fathers followed the meaning of the
Scripture.‖
66. Sola Scriptura
Ambrose (A.D. 340–397)
On the Duties of the Clergy, 1:23:102
―For how can we adopt those things which we
do not find in the holy Scriptures?‖
67. Sola Scriptura
St. Augustine (A.D. 354–430)
De unitate ecclesiae, 10
―Neither dare one agree with catholic bishops
if by chance they err in anything, but the result
that their opinion is against the canonical
Scriptures of God.‖
68. Sola Scriptura
Thomas Aquinas (A.D. 1225–1274)
Summa Theologiae, Question 1, art. 8
―For our faith rests on the revelation made to
the Prophets and Apostles who wrote the
canonical books.‖
69. Sola Scriptura
Doctrine of Scripture
Doctrine of Man and Grace (sixteenth century)
(fifth century) Doctrine of Justification
Doctrine of Christ (sixteenth century)
Definition of Chalcedon (451)
Trinity (325) Doctrine of the Atonement
Counsel of Nicea (325) (eleventh century)
A.D. 100 A.D. 400 A.D. 1100 A.D. 1600 A.D. 2000
70. Sola Scriptura
Tradition is equal to Scripture and Scripture is the only authority in all
infallibly interprets Scripture matters
Regula Prima Dual- Sola Solo
Fidei Scriptura Source Scriptura Scriptura
Scripture is the final authority in all matters
A.D. 100 A.D. 250 A.D. 1200 A.D. 1600 A.D. 2000
71. Sola Scriptura
6. By the process of elimination, one must
come to the conclusion that Scripture is
the final and only infallible authority
available to us.
72. Sola Scriptura
What sola Scriptura does not mean:
1. That there are no other sources of authority in
the life of a Christian.
2. That each Christian is an autonomous interpreter
of the Scriptures, being independent of the
interpretive community of the body of Christ.
3. That Tradition is not valuable for understanding
matters of faith and practice.
4. That there is no institutional authority at all to
which believers must submit.
73. Sola Scriptura
“We may say that our final
authority is Scripture
alone, but not Scripture that
is alone.”
—Keith Mathison
The Shape of Sola Scriptura (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 2001), 259.
74. Sola Scriptura
Heb. 13:17
―Obey your leaders and submit to them, for
they keep watch over your souls and will give
an account for their work. Let them do this
with joy and not with complaints, for this
would be no advantage for you.‖
75. Sola Scriptura
Back
Experience Emotions
General Revelation
Tradition Reason
Scripture
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77. Sola Scriptura
"Unless I am convinced by the testimony from
scripture or by evident reason—for I confide neither
in the Pope nor in a Council alone, since it is
certain they have often erred and contradicted
themselves—I am held fast by the scriptures
adduced by me, and my conscience is held captive
by God’s Word, and I neither can nor will revoke
anything, seeing it is not safe or right to act
against conscience. God help me. Amen.“
—Martin Luther
Diet of Worms, April 18, 1521
78. Sola Scriptura
norma normans sed non normata
―A norm of norms which is not normed‖
This is a Latin phrase of the Protestant Reformation that stresses the
importance of Scripture above all other sources of theology. The
Scripture, according to the Reformers, is the standard (norm) against
which all other sources for theology must be judged, but this standard
cannot be ultimately judged by them.