This document provides code examples for drawing various shapes and performing graphics in C++. It includes functions for drawing lines, rectangles, circles, ellipses, arcs, and more. It also includes examples of animations like a moving car and cycle. Pie charts and changing color are also demonstrated. The document is a reference for the basic graphics programming capabilities in C++.

1. INTRODUCTION
Ali Saadoon Ahmed
Computer Graphics
Lab

2. How do graphics work in C++
• The functions of C++ are used to implement graphics in a two-dimensional space.
Output can be viewed in a window or on a canvas. In this class, we made use of the
DevC++ IDE since it provides a solid structure upon which to build our drawings.
• To install the graphics library, we can refer to WinBGIm.DevC++ requires graphics.h
and libbgi.a. Next, select project options, then the parameter tab, and paste lbgi -
lgdi32 -lcomdlg32 -luuid -loleaut32 -lole32 in a linker tab.

3. Basic Graphic Programming in C++
Link Dev C++ : https://sourceforge.net/projects/orwelldevcpp/
Link of Graphics header files
https://www.dropbox.com/s/kjk46f5lh5uxn28/Graphics%20in%20Dev%20C++.rar?dl=0

4. Outtextxy Function
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
initwindow(500,500);
outtextxy(100, 200, "My first C++ graphics
program");
getch();
}

6. A code plot point in C++
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
main()
{
int x=40,y=50,h=10;
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "c:tcbgi");
putpixel(x,y,h);
getch();
}

8. // C++ Implementation for drawing
line
#include <graphics.h>
main()
{
// gm is Graphics mode which is a computer display
// mode that generates images using pixels.
// DETECT is a macro defined in "graphics.h" header file
int gd = DETECT, gm;
// initgraph initializes the graphics system
// by loading a graphics driver from the disk
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:tcbgi");
// line for x1, y1, x2, y2
line(150, 150, 450, 150);
getch();
// close graph function closes the graphics
// mode and deallocates all memory allocated
// by graphics system.
closegraph();
}

9. Rectangle Function
The rectangle function is used to draw a rectangle between two points on the screen. Its syntax is:
rectangle (x1, y1, x2, y2);
For example, to draw a rectangle between the upper left comer & bottom right corner of the screen (for VGA
monitor), the statement is written as:
rectangle(0, 0, 639, 479);
or
rectangle (639, 479,0, 0);
Point (0, 0) represents the upper left corner of the screen, and point (639, 479) represents the bottom right comer
of the screen.

10. make a rectangle in c++ using the
rectangle function in graphics mode
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int d,m;
d= detect;
initgraph(&d, &m, "c:tcbgi”);
rectangle(100,300,500,200);
getch();
closegraph();
}

11. Change the color of any shape in c++
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
initwindow(500,500);// ‫دالة‬
‫تهيئة‬
‫شاشة‬
‫الرسم‬
setcolor(YELLOW); // ‫اللون‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫دالة‬
rectangle(40,70,410,290); // ‫المستطيل‬ ‫رسم‬ ‫دالة‬
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,YELLOW); // ‫ونوع‬ ‫اللون‬ ‫تعبئة‬ ‫نمط‬ ‫دالة‬
‫اللون‬
floodfill(200,200,YELLOW); // ‫المحدد‬ ‫باللون‬ ‫الشكل‬ ‫ملئ‬ ‫دالة‬
getch();
}

12. make a circle in c++
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
initwindow(500,500);
circle(200,200,100);
getch();
}

13. Change the color of the circle
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
initwindow(500,500);
setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);
circle(200,200,100);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTMAGENTA);
floodfill(200,200, LIGHTMAGENTA);
getch();
}

14. Below is the table showing INT VALUES corresponding to Colors :
COLOR INT VALUES
BLACK 0
BLUE 1
GREEN 2
CYAN 3
RED 4
MAGENTA 5
BROWN 6
LIGHTGRAY 7
DARKGRAY 8
LIGHTBLUE 9
LIGHTGREEN 10
LIGHTCYAN 11
LIGHTRED 12
LIGHTMAGENTA 13
YELLOW 14
WHITE 15

15. Same example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
setbkcolor(5);//set background color
setcolor(11); //color of time
settextstyle(4, HORIZ_DIR, 8);//font of
time
setcolor(GREEN);
circle(320,240,100);
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(100,50,“yes, It is circle");
getch();
closegraph();
}

16. Example Ellipse function
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
ellipse(100, 100, 0, 360, 50, 25);
getch();
}

17. Example Arc function in C++ - Graphics.
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
initwindow(500,500);
arc(100, 100, 0, 135, 50); // ‫القوس‬ ‫رسم‬ ‫دالة‬
getch();
}

18. Bar3d function is used to draw a 2-dimensional rectangular
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
initwindow(500,500);
bar3d (100 , 100 , 200 , 200 , 20 , 1);
getch();
}

19. Exercise Create a WAP to create a Hut
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main(){
int gd = DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:TCBGI");
/* Draw Hut */
setcolor(WHITE);
rectangle(150,180,250,300);
rectangle(250,180,420,300);
rectangle(180,250,220,300);
line(200,100,150,180);
line(200,100,250,180);
line(200,100,370,100);
line(370,100,420,180);
/* Fill colours */
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BROWN);
floodfill(152, 182, WHITE);
floodfill(252, 182, WHITE);
setfillstyle(SLASH_FILL, BLUE);
floodfill(182, 252, WHITE);
setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL, GREEN);
floodfill(200, 105, WHITE);
floodfill(210, 105, WHITE);
getch();
closegraph();
}

20. Exercise WAP to draw stars in the night sky.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int i, x, y;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:tcbgi");
while(!kbhit())
{
for(i=0; i<=500; i++)
{
x=rand()%getmaxx();
y=rand()%getmaxy();
putpixel(x,y,15); //putpixel(x,y,i);
}
delay(500);
cleardevice();
}
getch();
closegraph(); }

21. Moving Car Animation.

22. Code Moving Car Animation.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int i, maxx, midy;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:Turboc3BGI");
maxx = getmaxx();
midy = getmaxy()/2;
for(i=0; i< maxx-150; i=i+5)
{
cleardevice();
setcolor(WHITE);
line(0, midy + 37, maxx, midy + 37);

23. Code Moving Car Animation.
/* Draw Car */
setcolor(YELLOW);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
line(i, midy + 23, i, midy);
line(i, midy, 40 + i, midy - 20);
line(40 + i, midy - 20, 80 + i, midy - 20);
line(80 + i, midy - 20, 100 + i, midy);
line(100 + i, midy, 120 + i, midy);
line(120 + i, midy, 120 + i, midy + 23);
line(0 + i, midy + 23, 18 + i, midy + 23);
arc(30 + i, midy + 23, 0, 180, 12);
line(42 + i, midy + 23, 78 + i, midy + 23);
arc(90 + i, midy + 23, 0, 180, 12);
line(102 + i, midy + 23, 120 + i, midy + 23);
line(28 + i, midy, 43 + i, midy - 15);
line(43 + i, midy - 15, 57 + i, midy - 15);
line(57 + i, midy - 15, 57 + i, midy);
line(57 + i, midy, 28 + i, midy);
line(62 + i, midy - 15, 77 + i, midy - 15);
line(77 + i, midy - 15, 92 + i, midy);
line(92 + i, midy, 62 + i, midy);
line(62 + i, midy, 62 + i, midy - 15);
floodfill(5 + i, midy + 22, YELLOW);
setcolor(BLUE);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, DARKGRAY);

24. Code Moving Car Animation.
/* Draw Wheels */
circle(30 + i, midy + 25, 9);
circle(90 + i, midy + 25, 9);
floodfill(30 + i, midy + 25, BLUE);
floodfill(90 + i, midy + 25, BLUE);
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}

25. Pie Chart
Pie Chart. (In this program, we'll draw multiple pie slices using pieslice with a
120-pixel radius and different start and end angles. Using setfillstyle, we change
the pie slice fill color.
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main() {
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "c:Turboc3BGI");
int x,y;
settextstyle(BOLD_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,2);
outtextxy(220,10,"PIE CHART");

26. Pie Chart
//Setting cordinate of center of circle
x = getmaxx()/2;
y = getmaxy()/2;
settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,1);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
pieslice(x, y, 0, 60, 120);
outtextxy(x + 140, y - 70, "FOOD");
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, YELLOW);
pieslice(x, y, 60, 160, 120);
outtextxy(x - 30, y - 170, "RENT");
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, GREEN);
pieslice(x, y, 160, 220, 120);
outtextxy(x - 250, y, "ELECTRICITY");
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BROWN);
pieslice(x, y, 220, 360, 120);
outtextxy(x, y + 150, "SAVINGS");
getch();
closegraph();
}

27. C++ program to draw the moving
cycle using computer graphics

28. Code cycle using computer graphics
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <graphics.h>
// Driver code
int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm, i, a;
// Path of the program
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:TURBOC3BGI");

29. Code cycle using computer graphics
// Move the cycle
for (i = 0; i < 600; i++) {
// Upper body of cycle
line(50 + i, 405, 100 + i, 405);
line(75 + i, 375, 125 + i, 375);
line(50 + i, 405, 75 + i, 375);
line(100 + i, 405, 100 + i, 345);
line(150 + i, 405, 100 + i, 345);
line(75 + i, 345, 75 + i, 370);
line(70 + i, 370, 80 + i, 370);
line(80 + i, 345, 100 + i, 345);

30. Code cycle using computer graphics
// Wheel
circle(150 + i, 405, 30);
circle(50 + i, 405, 30);
// Road
line(0, 436, getmaxx(), 436);
// Stone
rectangle(getmaxx() - i, 436,
650 - i, 431);
// Stop the screen for 10 secs
delay(10);
// Clear the screen
cleardevice();
}
getch();
// Close the graph
closegraph();
}