This presentation looks at how CFD modelling for true well and field value can optimise your operations.

1. Working together
for a safer world
Better prediction and better production - from every angle
CFD modelling for true well and field value
Michael Byrne
How technology and innovation drive optimisation AND safety.

2. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Contents
• Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
• What do Other Industries do with Complex Fluid Flow?
• How can CFD help us?
• What is Wellscope?
• Evolution and Revolution
• Some Examples
• What is the dream?

3. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
• CFD (in a simple terms) is a computational method to model
and simulate fluid flow in a bounded domain
• CFD is based on basic physics
• Continuity, Momentum, Energy equations
• CFD is a proven technology, particularly in the aerospace and
automotive industries, and increasingly used in the oil and gas sector,
e.g. perforations, e.g. fractures, formation damage, completion design, …

4. Lloyd’s Register Energy
The Maths & Physics Behind CFD
A Fluid Element
Mass Flow In and Out
Shear Stress Components

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What do other industries do?
with complex fluid flow challenges?

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I have a paper plane
• Will it fly and how far?
• How will it turn?
• Will the wings flex?
• How can I find out?
• I could throw a lot of planes........
• Or, I could build a model and use CFD (computational fluid dynamics)

7. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Build the geometry

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Run CFD

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Put it in context!

10. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Other Industries
Capture the geometry and the physical properties of
flowing fluid and all restrictions
No skin!

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How can CFD help us?
• Simulation of fluid flow in restrictive geometries
• Reservoirs
• Wells
• Completions
• Formation Damage
• Flow control
• And on up to surface………

12. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Surface Flow Modeling
• Production and injection facilities
• Pipelines
• Subsea

13. Lloyd’s Register Energy
In the well: Choke - Particle Trajectory

14. Lloyd’s Register Energy
R010 LSW1 1 ft pay, 5 m Drainage Radius
• Near Wellbore Surface Mesh

15. Lloyd’s Register Energy
R010 LSW1 1 ft pay, 5 m Drainage Radius
• 3D View of Velocity Profile into the base pipe
The RED colour is the Screen

16. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Single Nozzle ICD Geometry
Packer
Blank Pipes
Single Nozzle ICD
3mm diameter

17. Lloyd’s Register Energy
What is Wellscope?
• Patented modeling process
• Enables simulation of flow through reservoir, near wellbore and well in a
• Fully connected
• 3 dimensional
• Finite volumes
• Multiphase
• HPC environment
“Virtual Test Track”
• Smart design for smart wells

18. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Evolution and Revolution
• Conventional near wellbore modeling is 1D or at best 2D relying on nodal analysis
and often on “skin factors”
• Already CFD moves us to a 3D environment – evolution
• In future we will not use skin factors – revolution

19. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Example 1 – SPE168149
• Addition of 300M of perforations to an existing well
• Will value be realized
• Will original well contribution be lost
• Multi-phase highly complex completion
• Not possible to model with conventional methods
• Wellscope solved using CFD and HPC

20. Lloyd’s Register Energy
C&P Completion
332 m of 12 SPF C&P + 930 m of OH
103 x Stand Alone Screen (SAS) and
103 x Inflow Control Device (ICD)

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Modelling Inflow Control Device (ICD)
Sand Screen
10 ICD Ports
ICD Housing
Basepipe
Pressure drop for 5 bpd of Water
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
PressureDropAccrossICD(psi)
Water Volume Flow Rate (bpd)
Pressure Drop Across FloReg ICD
1 Port Open Waetherford
1 Port Open CFD
Pressure Drop 1 Port Open
10 ICD
Ports
Measured Data

22. Lloyd’s Register Energy
Water & Oil Flow: Results
RED: 100% Oil
BLUE: 100% Water
Water flows from the water reservoir to the base pipe and to the left towards the heel
Oil flows from the oil reservoir to the base pipe and starts to mix with water and
together they flow to the left toward the heel
Oil, due to higher
velocity caused by
the ICD, can be seen
‘penetrating’ the
water and start to
mix with the water.
The contour colour is
between blue and
read, indicating a
mixed between oil
and water

23. Lloyd’s Register Energy
What is the dream?
• Smarter wells
• 21st Century Well Modelling
• Connecting to the reservoir
• Danish OPTION research project
• LR, Welltec, Dong Energy, DTU, UC
• Connecting to the surface
• A single fully coupled reservoir, well and surface model
• Integration of geomechanics
• Simulation of completions (perforations and fractures)
• The sand model – failure, production, transport, erosion, accumulation

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Junction in Multilateral Well

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Closing Sand 5 at the wellbore

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Closing Sand 5 at the wellbore

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Closing Sand 5 at the wellbore

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Water flood modeling using CFD

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Waterflooding – sweep efficiency
• Simple model, single permeability

30. Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Consulting. 2013. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.
Working together
for a safer world
Michael Byrne
Global Technical Head, Formation Damage
Aberdeen
07912388134
Michael.byrne@lr-senergy.com
Lloyd’s Register Consulting
www.lr.org/consulting