Infertility in women is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse, affecting 10-15% of couples globally. Causes include ovulatory disorders, tubal factors, uterine issues, age-related decline, and lifestyle factors. Diagnosis involves medical history, ovulation testing, and imaging, while treatment options range from medications and surgical interventions to assisted reproductive technologies and lifestyle modifications.

1. Infertility in Women
Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

2. Understanding Infertility
Definition: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of
regular, unprotected intercourse.
Prevalence: Affects approximately 10-15% of couples worldwide.
Importance: Understanding infertility is crucial for addressing the emotional
and physical challenges faced by affected individuals for both men and
women(i.e.,)Infertility in women

3. Causes of Infertility
Ovulatory Disorders: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Hypothalamic
Dysfunction, Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.
Tubal Factors: Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes due to infections,
endometriosis, or surgery.
Uterine/Cervical Factors: Uterine fibroids, polyps, or structural
abnormalities.

4. Age-related Factors: Decline in fertility with advancing age, particularly
after 35.
Other Factors: Lifestyle factors (smoking, obesity), medical conditions
(diabetes, thyroid disorders).
Causes of Infertility

5. Diagnosing Infertility
Medical History and Physical Exam: Detailed history and physical examination
to identify potential causes.
Ovulation Testing: Blood tests to check hormone levels, ultrasound to monitor
ovarian follicles.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG): X-ray to check the inside of the uterus and
fallopian tubes.

6. Diagnosing Infertility
Laparoscopy: Surgical procedure to examine the pelvic organs.
Other Tests: Genetic testing, pelvic ultrasound, endometrial biopsy.

7. Treatment Options for Infertility
Medications: Clomiphene citrate, Letrozole, Gonadotropins to stimulate ovulation.
Surgical Treatments: Laparoscopic or hysteroscopic surgery to correct anatomical
issues.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): Intrauterine insemination (IUI), In vitro
fertilization (IVF).

8. Treatment Options for Infertility
Lifestyle Modifications: Weight management, quitting smoking, reducing
alcohol intake.
Counseling and Support: Emotional and psychological support through
counseling and support groups.

9. Address
Dr. S. Andal Bhaskar, M.D.,D.G.O
16-2-94, Opp. S2 Cinemas,
Pogathota, Nellore(A.P.) 524 001, INDIA