This document discusses considerations for a finance company evaluating foreign markets to establish subsidiaries. It provides background on the parent company, Bertos Financial Services, and introduces Victoria Pernarella, who has been assigned to analyze 10 candidate countries to recommend 5 for establishing new subsidiaries. The document then reviews theories of internationalization and foreign direct investment, including factors in the eclectic paradigm of ownership, location, and internalization advantages. It also discusses the globalization process and sequential stages of international expansion.
As Associate Principal at The Monitor Group (now Monitor Deloitte) in China, part of my of my role was helping train 1st Year consultants. This is the summary presentation from a day long Masterclass in the commonly used techniques in assessing a firm's "true" value.
As Associate Principal at The Monitor Group (now Monitor Deloitte) in China, part of my of my role was helping train 1st Year consultants. This is the summary presentation from a day long Masterclass in the commonly used techniques in assessing a firm's "true" value.
VC Bootcamp By DFJ Gotham Ventures and Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & RosatiMark Davis
Slides from the Venture Capital Bootcamp event hosted by DFJ Gotham Ventures and Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati at Columbia University on June 3, 2009. A video of the 3 hour event is available at www.dfjgotham.com.
If your company’s revenues have been flat to declining over the past eight quarters you are probably ‘Stuck in Neutral.’ There are no magic bullets when it comes to reversing long term flat to declining revenue trends for tech companies. Companies get ‘stuck in neutral’ for a reason. Most of the time it is a market problem versus a ‘people’ problem. Breaking out of the rut, however, takes courage and decisive action. This presentation is an overview of three part strategy for getting your revenue growth back in gear. In the coming weeks we will explore each of the three strategies in depth.
Silverwood Capital Fund I LLC formed to take advantage of a narrow niche in the mortgage note industry. The Company will seek to acquire, workout, and manage nonperforming real estate notes secured by residential 1-4 unit properties. While the primary emphasis will be focusing on nonperforming junior and Home Equity Line Of Credit (“HELOC”) notes, we will purchase select senior liens and REOs.
Using our network of banking and equity fund contacts, and advanced marketing techniques, the Fund will purchase mortgages and real estate at significant discounts to its underlying value. By focusing on distressed mortgages and properties, we know the potential for above average returns exist.
These securities are being offered under an exemption provided by SEC Regulation D Rule 506(c). Only accredited investors who meet the SEC Regulation D 501 “accredited investor” accreditation standards and who provide suitable verification of accredited status may invest into this Offering.
• Any historical performance data represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results;
• Current performance may be different than the performance data presented;
• The Company is not required by law to follow any standard methodology when calculating and representing performance data;
• The performance of the Company may not be directly comparable to the performance of other private or registered funds or companies;
• The securities are being offered in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements, and therefore are not required to comply with certain specific disclosure requirements;
• The Securities and Exchange Commission has not passed upon the merits of or approved the securities, the terms of the offering, or the accuracy of the materials.
“Leaders of Growth” is an epic compilation of interviews from top leaders in the startup industry. It is a book about business founders who grew their startups from $1 million to $25 million and beyond.
Considerations for a sustainable corporate venture program by Robert Ackerma...the Hartsook Letter
Reputation is Key to the Success/Failure of a CVC Program
* Corporate Venturing is Here to Stay
* Increased Scrutiny Requires Deliberate Steps
* Model will Evolve Based on Lessons Learned
* Working with the Venture Community is Critical
* Every Transaction, Every Engagement, Every Partnership contributes to the Corporate Reputation
The Road to Investing and Building High Growth Companies - Presentation by Jose Marin, Co-Founder & MD of IG Expansion at the NOAH 2013 Conference in London, Old Billingsgate on the 14th of November 2013.
Not all customers are the same. Tiering analysis helps companiesto segment their customers by size and contribution so thatmarketing, sales, & support strategies and resources can beoptimally aligned
Michal A. Kaszas ( HardWood Capital & ISTI Valuation and Strategy specialist) course Advanced Corporate Finance & Strategic Investments. Learn how to conduct industry and strategic analysis and gain competitive advantage via Leveraged Buyouts
Which countries would be unsuitable for a BFSI subsidiary at thijonghollingberry
Which countries would be unsuitable for a BFSI subsidiary at this time, and what are the basic shortcomings in each case?
BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION Evaluating Markets to Invest Abroad E. N. Roussakis and Anastasios Moysidis Abstract: This case deals with the key considerations when planning an international expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These considerations must be addressed by a finance company seeking to establish foreign subsidiaries to support the international sales of its parent firm, a U.S.-based multinational enterprise (MNE). The company already operates three foreign subsidiaries--in Canada, Mexico (both NAFTA members), and the United Kingdom--but wishes to increase this network further through entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are being considered to determine the five most suitable for entry. Hence the need for a rational decision of where to invest. Keywords: Subsidiaries; multinational enterprise; transnational activities; foreign direct investment; greenfield investment ; leveraged institution ; wholesale financing ; captive finance company; retail installment contract 1 Introduction Victoria Pernarella is a recent university graduate in business administration and a new hire in Bertos Financial Services, Inc., a major finance company in Nashville, Tennessee. After a month long rotational training to gain insights into the company’s scope o f activities, she was placed in the international department where she has been assigned to work on a project. Bill Pappas, her manager, had asked her to analyze a select number of foreign countries to determine the best pro spects for the local establishment of subsidiary finance companies. He went on to clarify that the mode of entry into the foreign markets-- acquisition of an existing company or a greenfield investment (from the ground up, that is, from a green field)--was not a primary consideration at this stage. The candidate countries were Croatia, Chile, Colombia, Serbia, Philippines, Costa Rica, Australia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Nigeria. With finance companies highly leveraged institutions, the firm was prepared to provide the initial amount of equity capital needed for the establishment of five such institutions. At this stage therefore, the study ought to limit its recommendation to a corresponding number of foreign countries. With this information at hand, Victoria started reflecting on the approach to use for her analysis. Sensing the need to prove her capabilities by delivering a high quality study for her first company assignment, she thought appropriate to first familiarize herself with the pertinent literature on the international expansion of multinational enterprises (MNE) in general and banks in particular, and then review background information o n her employer, and the scope of activities of its financial subsidiary. Hence the sequence of the following sections which address the internationalization process (litera ...
BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION Evaluating Markets to .docxikirkton
BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION
Evaluating Markets to Invest Abroad
E. N. Roussakis and Anastasios Moysidis
Abstract: This case deals with the key considerations when planning an international
expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These considerations must be
addressed by a finance company seeking to establish foreign subsidiaries to support the
international sales of its parent firm, a U.S.-based multinational enterprise (MNE). The
company already operates three foreign subsidiaries--in Canada, Mexico (both NAFTA
members), and the United Kingdom--but wishes to increase this network further through
entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are being considered to determine
the five most suitable for entry. Hence the need for a rational decision of where to invest.
Keywords: Subsidiaries; multinational enterprise; transnational activities; foreign direct
investment; greenfield investment; leveraged institution; wholesale financing; captive
finance company; retail installment contract
1 Introduction
Victoria Pernarella is a recent university graduate in business administration and a new
hire in Bertos Financial Services, Inc., a major finance company in Nashville, Tennessee.
After a month long rotational training to gain insights into the company‟s scope of
activities, she was placed in the international department where she has been assigned to
work on a project. Bill Pappas, her manager, had asked her to analyze a select number of
foreign countries to determine the best prospects for the local establishment of subsidiary
finance companies. He went on to clarify that the mode of entry into the foreign markets--
acquisition of an existing company or a greenfield investment (from the ground up, that is,
from a green field)--was not a primary consideration at this stage. The candidate countries
were Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, France, Netherlands, Russia, Switzerland,
Turkey, and Venezuela. With finance companies highly leveraged institutions, the firm
was prepared to provide the initial amount of equity capital needed for the establishment
of five such institutions. At this stage therefore, the study ought to limit its
recommendation to a corresponding number of foreign countries.
With this information at hand, Victoria started reflecting on the approach to use for
her analysis. Sensing the need to prove her capabilities by delivering a high quality study
for her first company assignment, she thought appropriate to first familiarize herself with
the pertinent literature on the international expansion of multinational enterprises (MNE)
in general and banks in particular, and then review background information on her
employer, and the scope of activities of its financial subsidiary. Hence the sequence of the
following sections which address the internationalization process (literature review on the
development of MNEs), the mod ...
VC Bootcamp By DFJ Gotham Ventures and Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & RosatiMark Davis
Slides from the Venture Capital Bootcamp event hosted by DFJ Gotham Ventures and Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati at Columbia University on June 3, 2009. A video of the 3 hour event is available at www.dfjgotham.com.
If your company’s revenues have been flat to declining over the past eight quarters you are probably ‘Stuck in Neutral.’ There are no magic bullets when it comes to reversing long term flat to declining revenue trends for tech companies. Companies get ‘stuck in neutral’ for a reason. Most of the time it is a market problem versus a ‘people’ problem. Breaking out of the rut, however, takes courage and decisive action. This presentation is an overview of three part strategy for getting your revenue growth back in gear. In the coming weeks we will explore each of the three strategies in depth.
Silverwood Capital Fund I LLC formed to take advantage of a narrow niche in the mortgage note industry. The Company will seek to acquire, workout, and manage nonperforming real estate notes secured by residential 1-4 unit properties. While the primary emphasis will be focusing on nonperforming junior and Home Equity Line Of Credit (“HELOC”) notes, we will purchase select senior liens and REOs.
Using our network of banking and equity fund contacts, and advanced marketing techniques, the Fund will purchase mortgages and real estate at significant discounts to its underlying value. By focusing on distressed mortgages and properties, we know the potential for above average returns exist.
These securities are being offered under an exemption provided by SEC Regulation D Rule 506(c). Only accredited investors who meet the SEC Regulation D 501 “accredited investor” accreditation standards and who provide suitable verification of accredited status may invest into this Offering.
• Any historical performance data represents past performance. Past performance does not guarantee future results;
• Current performance may be different than the performance data presented;
• The Company is not required by law to follow any standard methodology when calculating and representing performance data;
• The performance of the Company may not be directly comparable to the performance of other private or registered funds or companies;
• The securities are being offered in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements, and therefore are not required to comply with certain specific disclosure requirements;
• The Securities and Exchange Commission has not passed upon the merits of or approved the securities, the terms of the offering, or the accuracy of the materials.
“Leaders of Growth” is an epic compilation of interviews from top leaders in the startup industry. It is a book about business founders who grew their startups from $1 million to $25 million and beyond.
Considerations for a sustainable corporate venture program by Robert Ackerma...the Hartsook Letter
Reputation is Key to the Success/Failure of a CVC Program
* Corporate Venturing is Here to Stay
* Increased Scrutiny Requires Deliberate Steps
* Model will Evolve Based on Lessons Learned
* Working with the Venture Community is Critical
* Every Transaction, Every Engagement, Every Partnership contributes to the Corporate Reputation
The Road to Investing and Building High Growth Companies - Presentation by Jose Marin, Co-Founder & MD of IG Expansion at the NOAH 2013 Conference in London, Old Billingsgate on the 14th of November 2013.
Not all customers are the same. Tiering analysis helps companiesto segment their customers by size and contribution so thatmarketing, sales, & support strategies and resources can beoptimally aligned
Michal A. Kaszas ( HardWood Capital & ISTI Valuation and Strategy specialist) course Advanced Corporate Finance & Strategic Investments. Learn how to conduct industry and strategic analysis and gain competitive advantage via Leveraged Buyouts
Which countries would be unsuitable for a BFSI subsidiary at thijonghollingberry
Which countries would be unsuitable for a BFSI subsidiary at this time, and what are the basic shortcomings in each case?
BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION Evaluating Markets to Invest Abroad E. N. Roussakis and Anastasios Moysidis Abstract: This case deals with the key considerations when planning an international expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These considerations must be addressed by a finance company seeking to establish foreign subsidiaries to support the international sales of its parent firm, a U.S.-based multinational enterprise (MNE). The company already operates three foreign subsidiaries--in Canada, Mexico (both NAFTA members), and the United Kingdom--but wishes to increase this network further through entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are being considered to determine the five most suitable for entry. Hence the need for a rational decision of where to invest. Keywords: Subsidiaries; multinational enterprise; transnational activities; foreign direct investment; greenfield investment ; leveraged institution ; wholesale financing ; captive finance company; retail installment contract 1 Introduction Victoria Pernarella is a recent university graduate in business administration and a new hire in Bertos Financial Services, Inc., a major finance company in Nashville, Tennessee. After a month long rotational training to gain insights into the company’s scope o f activities, she was placed in the international department where she has been assigned to work on a project. Bill Pappas, her manager, had asked her to analyze a select number of foreign countries to determine the best pro spects for the local establishment of subsidiary finance companies. He went on to clarify that the mode of entry into the foreign markets-- acquisition of an existing company or a greenfield investment (from the ground up, that is, from a green field)--was not a primary consideration at this stage. The candidate countries were Croatia, Chile, Colombia, Serbia, Philippines, Costa Rica, Australia, Malaysia, Qatar, and Nigeria. With finance companies highly leveraged institutions, the firm was prepared to provide the initial amount of equity capital needed for the establishment of five such institutions. At this stage therefore, the study ought to limit its recommendation to a corresponding number of foreign countries. With this information at hand, Victoria started reflecting on the approach to use for her analysis. Sensing the need to prove her capabilities by delivering a high quality study for her first company assignment, she thought appropriate to first familiarize herself with the pertinent literature on the international expansion of multinational enterprises (MNE) in general and banks in particular, and then review background information o n her employer, and the scope of activities of its financial subsidiary. Hence the sequence of the following sections which address the internationalization process (litera ...
BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION Evaluating Markets to .docxikirkton
BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION
Evaluating Markets to Invest Abroad
E. N. Roussakis and Anastasios Moysidis
Abstract: This case deals with the key considerations when planning an international
expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These considerations must be
addressed by a finance company seeking to establish foreign subsidiaries to support the
international sales of its parent firm, a U.S.-based multinational enterprise (MNE). The
company already operates three foreign subsidiaries--in Canada, Mexico (both NAFTA
members), and the United Kingdom--but wishes to increase this network further through
entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are being considered to determine
the five most suitable for entry. Hence the need for a rational decision of where to invest.
Keywords: Subsidiaries; multinational enterprise; transnational activities; foreign direct
investment; greenfield investment; leveraged institution; wholesale financing; captive
finance company; retail installment contract
1 Introduction
Victoria Pernarella is a recent university graduate in business administration and a new
hire in Bertos Financial Services, Inc., a major finance company in Nashville, Tennessee.
After a month long rotational training to gain insights into the company‟s scope of
activities, she was placed in the international department where she has been assigned to
work on a project. Bill Pappas, her manager, had asked her to analyze a select number of
foreign countries to determine the best prospects for the local establishment of subsidiary
finance companies. He went on to clarify that the mode of entry into the foreign markets--
acquisition of an existing company or a greenfield investment (from the ground up, that is,
from a green field)--was not a primary consideration at this stage. The candidate countries
were Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, France, Netherlands, Russia, Switzerland,
Turkey, and Venezuela. With finance companies highly leveraged institutions, the firm
was prepared to provide the initial amount of equity capital needed for the establishment
of five such institutions. At this stage therefore, the study ought to limit its
recommendation to a corresponding number of foreign countries.
With this information at hand, Victoria started reflecting on the approach to use for
her analysis. Sensing the need to prove her capabilities by delivering a high quality study
for her first company assignment, she thought appropriate to first familiarize herself with
the pertinent literature on the international expansion of multinational enterprises (MNE)
in general and banks in particular, and then review background information on her
employer, and the scope of activities of its financial subsidiary. Hence the sequence of the
following sections which address the internationalization process (literature review on the
development of MNEs), the mod ...
The Relationship between Foreign Trade and Financial Performance of the Liste...IOSRJBM
The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between foreign trade and financial performance of the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study focused on the 32 listed companies randomly drawn from the 74 listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The secondary data extracted from the financial statement of these companies were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows a significant positive relationship between the two variables. It was therefore recommended that the management and the board of directors of the listed manufacturing companies should intensify efforts on how the locally produced products will be able to penetrate into the foreign countries as it was discovered that majority of the goods produced by the manufacturing companies in Nigeria are consumed locally
Human Resources Management Practices and Productivity of Selected Mncs in Eme...inventionjournals
This study investigates the mode of entry of multinational corporation and their performance Nigerian market. Research on the entry mode of multinational companies (MNCs) to Nigerian market has been one of the major topics in the international business, and the performance factor has been regarded as one of the major factors to explain the entry mode selection of MNCs. Based on the developing nature of the Nigerian market, MNCs can enter a market with Franchising, Licensing agreement, Exporting, joint venture or a wholly owned subsidiary, and Turnkey. This study test reasons for entering in the Nigerian market, modes of entering, challenges faced by multinational during entry and finally the impact of mode of entry of MNCs and their performance in the Nigerian market. The research adopted the survey method, with the use of the Questionnaire. The results from the analysis on the first hypothesis show that a MNCs come into the Nigerian market for different reasons with different modes peculiar to their organization. The second hypothesis indicated that there are various challenges MNCs faced when entry into Nigerian market. And the third hypothesis was supported indicating significant influence of mode of entry on the performance of MNCs in Nigerian markets.
Role of venture capital in the development of Rajasthan: Entrepreneurs perspe...inventionjournals
: Since independence there is significant improvement in the economic and social development of
Rajasthan for which role of venture capitalist is important. in this paper the researcher indented to highlight
the different industrial sector of Rajasthan which got benefited by different venture capitalist . and Also efforts
are made to determine the entrepreneurs perception regarding the role of venture capital for smooth
functioning of newly established companies. The research design used is exploratory in nature. The data is
being collected from the entrepreneurs of Rajasthan, RVCF and other websites, hence this research is based on
primary and secondary data. Correlation is used to determine the relationship between the role of venture
capital and development of Rajasthan . The results of this study would help venture capitalist to modify their
role and policies according to the changing needs of state’s entrepreneurs which will facilitate it’s adoption by
rural.
Key
330 PARTS • KEY STRATEGIC-MANAGEMENT TOPICS DomQ Great in.docxgilbertkpeters11344
330 PARTS • KEY STRATEGIC-MANAGEMENT TOPICS
Do'mQ Great in a Weak Economy. How?
Marriott International
Among all hotels, casinos, and resorts, Marriott International scored the highest on Fortune's
"Most Admired Companies" both in 2007 and 2008.
When most firms were struggling, Marriott made $362
million in net income on $12.88 billion in revenues,
quite impressive for a hotel/motel firm in 2008. Fortune
rated Marriott as their 13th overall "Most Admired
Company in the World" in terms of their management
and performance. Marriott is looking past the current
slump in travel by planning to open 130 new hotels in
the next four years. About half of the new hotels are
targeted for emerging markets such as China, India,
and the United Arab Emirates. The new hotels will add
32,000 rooms to Bethesda, Maryland-based Marriott's
capacity of 560,000 rooms at 3,178 properties. Marriott
declared a new stock dividend in August 2009.
Marriott is one of the world's leading hoteliers, with
some 3,000 properties in more than 65 countries,
including Renaissance Hotels and Marriott Hotels &
Resorts, as well as Courtyard and Fairfield Inn, It also
owns the Ritz-Carlton and time-share properties oper-
ated by Marriott Vacation Club International. Marriott
additionally provides more than 2,000 rental units for
corporate housing and manages 45 golf courses. The
Marriott family, including CEO J. W. Marriott Jr., owns
about 30 percent of the firm.
Marriott prefers to manage rather than own proper- ;
ties. The firm is planning to purchase some of the ;
Greenbrier Hotel Corporation's assets, including its historic \
luxury White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, resort. Then i
Marriott will sell that property to another hotel owner but ?
maintain management rights to the property Greenbrier )
entered Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009, which prompted '
Marriott to offer to acquire some of their assets.
1
Source: Based On Geoff Colvin, "The World's Most Admired i
Companies," Fortune (March 16, 2009): 76-86; Rachel Feintzeig and j
Kris Hudson, "Greenbrier Hotel Seeks Chapter 11, Plans to Sell to i
Marriou," Wall Street Journal (March 20, 2009): B3. ;
As illustrated iti Figure 11-1, global considerations impact virtually all strategic deci-
sions. The boundaries of countries no longer can define the limits of our imaginations.
To see and appreciate the world from the perspective of others has become a matter of
survival for businesses. The underpinnings of strategic management hinge on managers
gaining an understanding of competitors, markets, prices, suppliers, distributors,
governments, creditors, shareholders, and customers worldwide. The price and quality
of a firm's products and services must be competitive on a worldwide basis, not just on
a local basis. As indicated above, Marriott International is an example global business
that performed outstandingly well during the recent global recession.
The World Trade Organizati.
InstructionsWrite a paper about the International Monetary Syste.docxvanesaburnand
Instructions
Write a paper about the International Monetary System that addresses each of the following issues:
· Define the International Monetary System and outline the history of the system.
· Describe and provide examples of what is meant by “currency regimes,” and define selected types of regimes and form an argument for selecting fixed exchange rate and arguments for selecting flexible exchange rates.
· Describe and define the creation of the Euro and discuss the benefits as well as the problems associated with the creation of this currency.
Support your paper with at least five (5) resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources, including older articles, may be included. Your paper should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards.
Length: 5-7 pages (not including title and reference pages).
Eiteman, D., Stonehill, M., & Moffett, M. (2016). Multinational business finance. Boston, MA: Prentice-Hall.
Read Chapters 1, 2
This is a major resource, however, I think the assignment can be accomplished without it. I can’t seem to be able to download the book.
The global company's challenge.
Authors:
Dewhurst, Martin1
Harris, Jonathan2
Heywood, Suzanne
Aquila, Kate
Source:
McKinsey Quarterly. 2012, Issue 3, p76-80. 5p.
Document Type:
Article
Subject Terms:
*International business enterprises
*Emerging markets
*Economies of scale
*Contracting out
*Risk management in business
*Business models
*Executives
*Financial leverage
*Globalization
*Research & development
Developing countries
Company/Entity:
International Monetary Fund DUNS Number: 069275188
Aditya Birla Management Corp. Pvt. Ltd.
International Business Machines Corp. DUNS Number: 001368083 Ticker: IBM
NAICS/Industry Codes:
919110 International and other extra-territorial public administration
928120 International Affairs
541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology)
541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology
Abstract:
The article focuses on the management of risks, costs, and strategies by international businesses in emerging markets. It states that the International Monetary Fund reported that the ten fastest-growing economies after 2012 will all be in developing countries. It mentions that technology company International Business Machines expects by 2015 to earn 30 percent of revenues in emerging markets compared to 17 percent in 2009, while Indian multinational conglomerate Aditya Birla Group earns over half of its revenue outside India and has operations in 40 nations. It talks about the benefit of economies of scale in shared services enjoyed by large global companies and comments that the ability to outsource business services and manufacturing is benefiting local busine.
Peer-to-peer lending and equity crowdfunding have grown rapidly since the crisis and have attracted the attention of governments who wish to facilitate alternative forms of capital allocation. This report investigates the nature of Financial Return crowdfunding, including outlining the main benefits and risks of the industry and the global regulatory environment the industry currently operates in.
MNCs and globalization go hand-in-hand. After reading this weeks.docxraju957290
MNCs and globalization go hand-in-hand. After reading this week's lesson, find an MNC and describe ways it has been a good citizen or a bad citizen. Don't use Nestle since it is described in the lesson.
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 350 words. Please respond to more than 2 other students. Responses should be a minimum of 150 words and include direct questions, evidence from the literature, alternative points of view or additional insight. For more information, please review the forum discussion rubric attached below. This is the rubric that will be used for all of the forums in this class.
In this lesson we will discuss another type of non-state actor in the international system. Multinational corporations (MNCs), broadly defined, are business entities that have facilities—whether production, administrative, or distribution-related—in two or more different countries. The influence of MNCs in the international system demonstrates how foreign relations and economics are intertwined. MNCs are a relatively recent development, and although they do not have the political sovereignty or military strength possessed by states, they still exert considerable influence over the international system. MNCs also have a mixed reputation in terms of the benefits they provide and the harm they can cause, especially in the poor countries where they often locate production.
· Defining multinational corporations (MNCs)
· Types of MNCs and their characteristics
· Why MNCs exist
· How MNCs influence the international system: benefits and disadvantages
Multinational corporations are some of the most powerful non-state actors in the international system. Some researchers distinguish between a multinational corporation (MNC), which has headquarters in multiple countries, and a transnational corporation (TNC), which is headquartered in one country by operates in others as well. Because these terms are often used interchangeably in common usage, for the purposes of this lesson we will just use the term MNC to mean any company operating in multiple countries.
LOCATED IN MULTIPLE COUNTRIES
There is actually no agreed-upon definition of what constitutes a multinational corporation. Generally speaking, an MNC hosts some part of its operations in a country other than the one where it is legally headquartered. In that sense, it is literally multi-national.
CORPORATION
A corporation is a group of people, such as a company, that is legally authorized to act as a single entity. It may be privately owned, or publicly traded—meaning that stockholders are legally the corporation’s owners. Economists and legal scholars continue to debate, however, whether there should be more narrow criteria for categorizing MNCs, and what these criteria should be.
OWNERSHIP
Some argue that ownership is the key feature that defines whether a company is an MNC or not. By this narrow definition, a firm is only a multinational if it is owned by nationals of multiple countries. ...
Similar to Bertos manufacturing corporation evaluating markets to inv (20)
PaperSelect one of the quality topics in healthcare from th.docxhoney690131
Paper:
Select one of the quality topics in healthcare from the list below. Prepare a summary document using the table format below (be sure your assignment is submitted in a table). The table should be single spaced and no more than 3-4 pages in length (11 to 12 point font). Except in the case of titles, use complete sentences, i.e., write using narrative format. Include a cover page and a list of references (this is separate from the summary pages).
Select from the following quality topics. NOTE: If there is another related topic that you would like to write on, please get approval from Prof. Powell.
1. Medical Errors
2. Quality and Disparities
3. Patient Safety
4. Quality/Core Measures
5. Value-based Purchasing
6. Pay for Performance (P4P)
7. COVID-19's Impact on Quality
HGMT420 Quality Topic Research Summary
Student Name
Type your name here.
Quality Topic
Provide the name of the quality topic chosen.
Quality Topic Description
Provide a detailed description and origins of the quality topic chosen. Indicate in detail who is affected (and how) by this topic (healthcare providers, patients, healthcare organizations, etc.).
Legislation
Research legislation and/or policies related to the quality topic chosen. Provide a detailed description of the policies/legislation. Describe the scope of the legislation and how it impacts the organization, providers, and patients.
Regulatory
Research Regulatory Agencies that implement policies and enforce legislation related to the quality topic chosen. Discuss in detail at least three (3).
Conclusion
Indicate any upcoming changes, regulations, etc. that will impact the quality topic chosen. What does the future hold for this issue? How should healthcare leaders manage this issue in their organizations?
The grading rubric for this assignment appears below, if you opened the Assignment in the Assignment Folder, or can be opened by clicking on the 'Written Assignment Rubric' tab in the lower right corner of the screen, if you opened the Assignment in Content.
.
Part 1 - Microsoft AccessView GlossaryUse Access to create a.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access
View Glossary
Use Access to create a database in which you can store and retrieve information about the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments, their managers, and their employees.
Create a
new blank database
.
Save the database with the filename
RSC_Theme_Park_Database_MEID.accdb
. Replace “MEID” with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
NOTE:
Read the requirements for the database and be sure you understand how it should work before creating your design.
You will need to complete the following:
Create two tables.
Establish table relationships.
Create one form.
Create two queries.
Create one report.
As you work on the project, remember to follow best practices for creating databases as described in your TestOut materials and the online lesson content.
Create the Tables
Tables and their relationships form the backbone of a relational database. In this database, you will create a table for the Rio Salado Theme Park operating departments and their managers, and a table for employees in each department. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (fine granularity) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
using the
AutoNumber
data type. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Department Table
Create a
table
named
Department Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Department ID
Department Name
Manager First Name
Manager Last Name
Manager Email Address
Manager Phone Number
Employee Table
Create a
table
named
Employee Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Employee ID
Department ID
Employee First Name
Employee Last Name
Employee Date of Hire
Employee Rate of Pay
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables. You will join the Department Table with the Employee Table on common fields through the following tasks:
Join the
primary key
of the Department Table with the
foreign key
of the Employee Table in a
One-To-Many
relationship.
Enforce referential integrity.
Cascade update related fields.
Cascade delete related records.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables:
Create
one form
named
Department Form
that can be used to enter data into both tables.
Insert a row
below the Employee Table subform. Add a
button
in the new row to perform the
Add New Record
action with the text:
Add Record
.
Use the form to enter
a m.
Part 1 - Microsoft Access 2019Use Access to create a database to.docxhoney690131
Part 1 - Microsoft Access 2019
Use Access to create a database to store and retrieve Manufacturer Contact and Inventory information for Rio Salado Boat and Marine dealership.
Create a
new blank Access database
.
Save the file as
BoatDatabase_MEID.accdb
. Be sure to replace “MEID” in the filename with your actual MEID.
Structure of the Database
Read the requirements for the database below and understand how the database should work before you create the design. Remember to follow the best practices presented in TestOut and the online lesson content for creating professional Access databases.
Create the Tables
You will create new tables that contain information about the Rio Salado Boat and Marine Dealership’s manufacturers and inventory. When creating fields for your tables, it is important to break down your data into the smallest chunks you can (
fine data granularity
) to make it easier to extract data from the database later. You will also need to join the tables on common fields later in the project. For this project, assume a manufacturer can supply the boat dealership with multiple types of boats for the dealership’s inventory.
NOTE:
Remember to assign the most appropriate data type to each of the fields and that one of the fields in each of your tables must be set as the
Primary Key
. You do not need to enter data records into your tables at this time; you will create a form later in this project for data entry.
Manufacturer Contact Table
Create a new
table
named
Manufacturer Contact Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Manufacturer ID
Manufacturer (e.g., Bayliner)
Manufacturer Address
Sales Representative Name
Phone Number
Email Address
Inventory Table
Create a new
table
named
Inventory Table
. At a minimum, your table should include the following fields:
Inventory ID
Manufacturer ID
Boat Type (e.g., Sailboat)
Model Number
Dealer Cost
MSRP (i.e., Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price)
Quantity in Inventory
Establish Table Relationships
Once the design of the tables has been completed, the next step is to
establish relationships
between the tables:
Join the Manufacturer Contact Table with the Inventory Table on common fields.
Enforce referential integrity.
Create a Form
Once the tables have been designed and the relationships have been established, it is time to enter data. Remember that
each field of each record will need to include data
. You will use
one form
to enter and edit data in the two tables.
Create
one form
named
Manufacturer Form
that can be used to enter data into
both
tables.
Use the form to enter a
minimum of four manufacturers
. Include
your name
in one of the records as a Sales Representative for one of the manufacturers.
Use the form to enter
at least two different boat types
for
each
manufacturer.
Create the Queries
The ability to extract data from one or more tables is one of the most important functions provi.
ParkinsonsPathophysiology, progression of disease, complication.docxhoney690131
Parkinsons:
Pathophysiology, progression of disease, complications, treatment options.
Detached Retina:
Pathophysiology, symptoms of macular degeneration, treatments and prognosis
CVA:
Left sided CVA, pathophysiology, stages of developing Atheroma, predisposing factor and treatments.
1000 words
APA style
.
Parenting Practices among DepressedMothers in the Child Welf.docxhoney690131
Parenting Practices among Depressed
Mothers in the Child Welfare System
Patricia L. Kohl, Jacqueline Njeri Kagotho, and David Dixon
The purpose of this study was to analyze a nationally representative sample of families referred
to Child Protective Services (CPS) agencies, the National Survey of Child and Adolescent
Weil-Being, to examine the association between maternal depression and parenting practices
over a 36-month follow-up period.Three hypotheses were tested: (1) Depressed mothers are'
more likely to demonstrate harsh parenting than are nondepressed mothers; (2) depressed
mothers are more likely to demonstrate neglectful parenting than are nondepressed mothers;
and (3) depressed mothers are more likely to demonstrate emotional maltreatment than are
nondepressed mothers. The interaction between depression and time was also analyzed for
each parenting practice to determine how changes in maternal depression affected changes in
parenting. The sample for this study was 1,536 mother-child dyads in which the child was age
three to 10 years and remained in the home after a CPS investigation. Depression remained
high across time points and was associated with increased risk of emotional maltreatment and
neglect over a 36-inonth period. In addition, self-reported emotional maltreatment remained
high across time points. Implications of this work are the needs for better identification of
mental health needs for mothers entering the child welfare system and parent training to
specifically address positive parenting.
KEY WORDS: child welfare; maternal depression; National Survey
of Child and Adolescent Well-Being; parenting
M
aternal depression, a critical public
health concern, is prevalent among
mothers referred to Child Protective
Services (CPS) agencies. In fact, nearly a quarter of
adults entering the child welfare system meet the
diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode
in the preceding 12 months (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, Administration on
Children.Youth and Families [HHS, ACYF], 2005),
compared with only 7% of adults in the general
population (Kessler, Chiu, Demier, & Walters, 2005).
Furthermore, w ômen have an increased likelihood
of experiencing depression compared with men
(Kessler et al., 2003), and women exposed to a
high number of chronic Stressors—as many women
referred to CPS agencies are—are three times more
likely than women with less exposure to Stressors to
experience maternal depression (Orr,James, Burns,
& Thompson, 1989). Given that women comprise
the vast majority of primary caregivers among the
child welfare population (HHS, ACYF, 2005), it is
important to understand how maternal depression
affects outcomes after a CPS referral.
The high rate of maternal depression in the child
welfare system is a concern given its influence on
parenting practices. Symptoms of depression may
impede a woman's capacity to provide care for her
children, placing her at risk to engage in neglectful
parentin.
Paragraph Structure with Use of Text(P) Topic Sentence-(I).docxhoney690131
Paragraph Structure with Use of Text
(P) Topic Sentence-
(I) Follow-Up Development-
(E) Engage the text-
1. Attribution Tag (optional)
2. Paraphrase/Quote ENGAGE TEXT IN MIDDLE 1/3
3. Address or analyze quote
(S) Connect Back to Main Point/Further Insight-
Rules for Paraphrase/Quoting – English 101
· Functions as support
· Centrally located – middle 1/3 of paragraph
· Short quotations only – 4 lines of text or less
· Citation and possible attribution required
· MLA Format
Example Approach to a paragraph with a quote/paraphrase:
1. Identify a passage that includes a key idea from the text to quote/paraphrase:
Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that drug use amongst the homeless is prevalent. Research from the 80’s routinely presented a clear connection between homelessness and addiction (1027).
2. Create a topic sentence that connects to or sets up the text support:
A key issue challenging the homeless community, and those working to help the homeless out of their situation, is the rate of addiction to drugs and alcohol.
3. Follow up and develop the idea with your analysis breaking down the point.
4. Notice the set up of the text by attributing the author (sometimes title) of the source.
Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that
5. Add in text citation after the source use – (1027).
6. Close out paragraph by addressing the source use and returning back to your main idea for further analysis.
Put it all Together w/ Source Support Highlighted:
(P) A key issue challenging the homeless community, and those working to help the homeless out of their situation, is the high rate of addiction to drugs and alcohol. (I) Substance abuse can cripple one’s ability to maintain a common standard of living. Those suffering in the throes of addiction will struggle to hold a job and often lose connection to the support of their loved ones. This disconnect from a steady income, family, and friends, plus the cost of their addiction, may lead to a life on the streets. Once there, the addiction can further manifest and take hold continuing a dangerous spiral. (E) Robert Hartmann McNamara authored a report on “Homelessness”, which presented that drug use amongst the homeless is prevalent. Research from the 80’s routinely presented a clear connection between homelessness and addiction (1027). This connection can be powerful and extremely challenging to break. (S) Even if addiction did not cause the homeless state, living without shelter, physical and emotional, creates an opportunity for substances to replace security and love. When trying to rise out of a homelessness, the need to kick the addiction becomes paramount to become self-reliant again. The clear relationship between homelessness and substance abuse creates a challenging set of circumstances for both the individual and those attempting to intervene and help.
Remember the “Rule of Thirds”
To.
Paper should explain the difficulties on the Use of government trave.docxhoney690131
Paper should explain the difficulties on the Use of government travel card.
it should have and : introduction a) attention b) motivation c) overview with main points
II body
mainpoint 1 the problem
main point 2 discussion
main point 3 recommendation
iii conclusion
a ) summary review main points
b) remotivation
with references. 3 pages
.
paper should be between 750 – 1500 words. APA formatting is required.docxhoney690131
paper should be between 750 – 1500 words. APA formatting is required
find two advertisements from any source (newspaper, magazine, tv, etc). One will be an example of the ways that the advertisement perpetuates ideas about race and/or ethnicity in a negative, prejudicial, or stereotypical way. The other should be an advertisement that challenges those prejudicial and stereotypical ways. Compare and contrast the advertisements. What ages, genders, races, etc are present in each advertisement (think back to the discussion of social statuses from chapter 5). What message do those statuses send? What key message is being sent by each advertisement? Summarize a thesis statement of 1-2 sentences that wraps up succinctly one message that can be gleaned from each of the advertisements about race and ethnicity. This will be presented as part of your main body, and the discussion should include discussion of many of these topics: socialization, race and ethnicity, prejudice, discrimination, us/them, and norms and/or values. You will need to bring in the social construction of reality, as well.
Then, find two more advertisements. One should include white models, and one should include individuals of color as the models. Challenge yourself to pick them at random without trying to find the “perfect” example, as we want to see what the average ad does. Explain how this example from the media adds to the social construction of our perceptions of race and ethnicity. Be sure to provide ample evidence of how this process occurs, and the role that the social institution of the media plays in the construction of race and ethnicity. Your discussion should include a clear explanation of what the social construction of our perceptions of race and ethnicity is, and how cultural transmission occurs through the media. This will be presented as part of your main body.
For your concluding paragraph, you will bring together a solid conclusion about race and ethnicity, giving a nice sociological analysis.
.
Paper Requirements 4 pages (including title page, 2 pages .docxhoney690131
Paper Requirements
4 pages (including title page, 2 pages of content, and reference page)
1 Inch Margins
Running Header
12 pt font
double spacing
References from the text
Use of outside references
Some questions to consider to help you draft your response
What are the main lessons that have resonated with me?
Why did these lessons resonate with me?
What concepts were easy to learn and why?
What concepts were more challenging to understand and why?
How could I use this in now and in the future?
What lessons do I have direct experience with and why?
Please ask any questions in this week's discussion.
.
Paper RequirementsRequired topic headings for your paper shou.docxhoney690131
Paper Requirements:
Required topic headings for your paper should include the background surrounding the issue, a historical perspective, current issues that are applicable, legislation dealing with this topic, examples, global dynamics/impact (such as issues, processes, trends, and systems),personal impact from a global perspective, and a summary. These are the topics to be discussed in the term paper
Each paper should contain a reference list of at least five (5) different substantial and quality references. The references and reference citations for the term paper must be to a current event less than 3 years old (a reference with no date (n.d.) is not acceptable). This requires a reference citation in the text of the paper and a reference at the end of the paper to which the reference citation applies. You must include some information obtained from the reference in your answer. The references must be found on the internet and you must include a URL in your reference so that the reference can be verified.
You cannot use information from the text book or any book/article by the author of the text book as a current event. Make sure that your reference has a date of publication.
The body of the paper should be a minimum of six typed double spaced pages. Your cover page and reference page cannot be counted in this number. You should use the APA format for your reference citations and the reference page.
Grading Rubric for Term Paper
Grading criterion Unit Points Total Points
Uploaded to correct Dropbox 4 4
Submitted on time 15 15
Document Filename:
Your Last Name,first and middle initial with correct quiz number 4 4
Documentation that you placed the term paper in your ePortfolio in Mane Sync 10
Minimum of 6 typed, double-spaced pages 5 15
(excluding cover and reference pages - use APA style)
Rationally expressed opinions, experiences (personal or observed), 8
arguments and premises (where appropriate) to support responses
(did not simply restate/summarize author/textbook/article)
Clearly presented classical ethics theories relative to topic 5
Included ‘URL’ for appropriate verifiable current event 10 23
(i.e., example of topic being discussed WITH EXPLANATION)
NOTE: Must be less than 4 years old
Grammatically correct and appropriate tone 7
(professional, non-offensive language)
Typographically correct 7 14
Included a minimum of five (5) 7
different substantial and quality references
full citations as needed 3
Used correct APA format 5 15
Used required and appropriate headings 10 10
Maximum grade 100 100
PUB 407 ML
Productivity Improvement in the Public Sector
Class 1
Chapter 1
· What is a government’s role and purpose?
· To provide services to their citizens.
· Name some types of governments
· Federal
· State
· County
· City
· Special Districts
· Name some services:
· Police
· Fire
· Military
· Water
· Sewer
· Electric
· Emergency
· What else?
· The public’s, often negative, perception of government is sha.
Paper must be double spaced, with 12 point font and include section .docxhoney690131
Paper must be double spaced, with 12 point font and include section headers for each of the paper sections noted below (Three Representational Roles and Role You Choose, Influence of Legislative Leaders, Rank and Explain Influences of Institutional Factors, and Explain Your Vote)
Objective: The objective for this assignment is for students to understand and critically analyze the multiple pressures on policy makers in Texas as they most listen to their leaders, the governor, the voters (social responsibility) and their own conscience (personal responsibility) in deciding how to cast their vote on a controversial issue.
Assignment: You have recently been elected as a Republican to the Texas Senate from a competitive district (even number of Democrats, Republicans and Independents) just outside of Dallas. One of the first bills that you must vote on is House Bill 3- a Bill to forbid the creation of sanctuary cities (protecting undocumented immigrants from deportation). Your constituents support the bill as does the Governor your party, but you oppose it on grounds that most undocumented Texans are hardworking people who want to become legal citizens. The Speaker of the House opposes the bill as well.
In explaining how you will vote on the bill, be sure to explain the following:
What Representational Role you will adopt (trustee, delegate or politico). (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-25). Be sure to discuss all three representational roles.
How will the Speaker of the House, the Lt. Governor and Governor of Texas influence the fate of the bill? (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slides 4-9, 4-10, 4-18 & 4-22 )
How do you think constituents might try to influence your vote? (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-20)
Which factors noted above and in your notes (constituents, governor, party leaders and your own opinion) will influence your vote? Rank them in importance. (Unit 4, Written Lectures, Slide 4-20, 4-21)
Will you vote for or against the bill? Please explain your answer thoroughly. You should refer back to the representational role here. (Unit 4 Written Lectures, Slide 4-25)
.
Paper OrganizationStart with a title page and organize your pa.docxhoney690131
Paper Organization
Start with a title page and organize your paper with the following guidelines: 5-7 pages
· Title Page: Include a title page with the following title: Ethical Behavior, Diversity, Civil Discourse, and Educating Adults: A Literature Review.
· Introduction: The opening content should directly follow the title of the paper (repeated from the title page). In this section, list or summarize the issues you selected from the literature related to ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse, and provide a summary or road map for the content included in your paper.
· Overview of Issues: Begin the body of your paper with an overview of the issues related to ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse you chose for this review. Describe connections among these issues and their significance to adult education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Diversity Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issues you chose to review specifically relate to educating adults. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Ethical Behavior Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issue you chose to review specifically relates to Adult Education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Civil Discourse Issue Related to Specialization: Provide detailed descriptions and examples of how the issue you chose to review specifically relates to Adult Education. Write in third person and include literature support.
· Review of the Literature: The literature review should include a minimum of six references from peer-reviewed journal articles related to Adult Education. Analyze this scholarly literature, focusing on the connections between Adult Education and the issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse you chose to research. Continue writing in third person and cite the literature for support.
· Conclusion: Your conclusion should emphasize the main themes in your paper and provide a synthesis of the literature reviewed, with special attention to the connections and relationships among the issues you chose to research and your educational specialization.
· References: Include a minimum of five different scholarly, peer-reviewed journals (related to your field of specialization) that are also cited in the paper. Your citations must have references and your references should be included within your paper as in-text citations.
Ethical Behavior, Diversity, and Civil Discourse Scoring Guide
Due Date: Sat 5/30
CRITERIA
NON-PERFORMANCE
BASIC
PROFICIENT
DISTINGUISHED
Describe connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse and a given educational specialization.
20%
Does not identify connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, and civil discourse and a given educational specialization.
Identifies connections among issues of ethical behavior, diversity, a.
Paper on topic Date visualization A critical evaluation of its ar.docxhoney690131
Paper on topic: Date visualization: A critical evaluation of its art & science.
Abstract (1 page)
Introduction ( 1 Page)
Literature Review (3 pages)
Methodology (3 pages)
Interpretation (3 pages)
Conclusion (1 page)
Recommendation (1 page)
References - 8
.
PAPER EXPECTATIONSFollow the instructions.Make your ideas .docxhoney690131
PAPER EXPECTATIONS
Follow the instructions.
Make your ideas concise.
Use as few words as you can to make your statements. This will allow you more room to develop your great ideas!
Avoid repetition and redundancy
of both ideas and words. This is the issue that I usually subtract the most points for, so take care.
For example, when you edit your papers, make sure that you don’t say “Cool Herc is widely accepted as the originator of hip hop”, and then two sentences later, “As Cool Herc is the originator of hip hop…”. See how these two are the same idea? If the reader already has the information, repeating it just takes up space. Another thing to avoid is using the same word multiple times in quick succession. For example: “I found it exciting to listen to the this music. Eri B. has an exciting tone to his voice. When I hear how he flows when he strings words together, I feel excited.” See how ‘excitement’ occurs three times in three sentences? Here’s another more subtle example: “He used the turntable as a way to switch songs seamlessly, using the scratch method to cover up the different beats that were used in each song.” In this example, the word ‘use’ occurs three times in the same sentence! Because it’s a less emotional word, it might be harder to catch, but it’s just as problematic.
I like to see ‘I’ statements.
I find that turning the focus on yourself (especially when we are dealing with sensitive issues and incorporating personal experience, as I encourage) is a great way to avoid generalizing groups and ideas. If your statement is clearly from your perspective, then I as a reader can empathize with your position. If you use lots of ‘we as a generalized group of people act and feel this specific way’, it makes me wonder what research you’ve done, what data points you have, and how many people you have interviewed in order to have that knowledge.
Going off of the previous expectation:
BE SPECIFIC!
If you do make a generalized statement about a situation, back it up with details. Show the research. Reference or quote the authors who initially made the observations and put their work into context. If you tell me that Cool Herc is largely agreed to be the originator of hip hop, tell me why and give examples.
For example, something with detail and context would be: “Although Jamaican soundsystem culture is at the roots of hip hop, Cool Herc was the first to create tracks sourced from James Brown, using the funkier, harder beats that we’ve come to associate with hip hop today.” See how this gives specific details and context on either end of the statement that Cool Herc was the first person to make hip hop?
Make sure you include proper internal references, and construct your bibliography following MLA format
. In your paper, I like to see at least (Author, Date of Publication). For example: “Cool Herc is widely agreed to be the originator of hip hop(Babin 2020).” This tells me you got the information from the .
Paper Instructions 5) Paper should be 5-7 pages (excluding title pag.docxhoney690131
Paper Instructions 5) Paper should be 5-7 pages (excluding title page and references). APA format is required. There should be headings for each question answered. Be sure to review the rubric prior to writing your paper. Be careful to answer each section of the question asked. https://excellentwriter.xyz/education-homework-help/for-this-assignment-you-will-conduct-a-taste-test-using-at-least-7-participants/ This is a formal paper, so formal, professional language should be used, rather than conversational language.
Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities Social workers understand that engagement is an ongoing component of the dynamic and interactive process of social work practice with, and on behalf of, diverse individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers value the importance of human relationships. Social workers understand theories of human behavior and the social environment, and critically evaluate and apply this knowledge to facilitate engagement with clients and constituencies, including individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities. Social workers understand strategies to engage diverse clients and constituencies to advance practice effectiveness. Social workers understand how their personal experiences and affective reactions may impact their ability to effectively engage with diverse clients and constituencies. Social workers value principles of relationship-building and inter-professional collaboration to facilitate engagement with clients, constituencies, and other professionals as appropriate. Social workers: apply knowledge of human behavior and the social environment, person-in-environment, and other multidisciplinary theoretical frameworks to engage with clients and constituencies; and use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to effectively engage diverse clients and constituencies. VIGNETTE Billy Brown Case Billy Brown is an 11 years old, and referred to you because it has been determined that he has been abused by his mother. Billy’s teacher reported the situation to protective services when she saw unexplained bruises on Billy’s arms and the intake worker who responded, founded a case of abuse. You are employed by Child Protective Services and will manage the case, which has been transferred to you from the intake emergency worker. Lorene Brown is Billy’s Mother. She is 28 years old, unemployed, and did not complete her high school education. She receives welfare benefits and lives in a small apartment she shares with a man whom she calls her boyfriend. Lorene is divorced and Billy’s father has shown no interest in him since he was born. Lorene is uncertain if he is incarcerated or not, and doesn’t know his whereabouts. Lorene and her boyfriend often engage in sexual behavior in the presence of Billy, who pretends not to see it, as their apartment is a studio. Lorene knew her boyfriend for 2 weeks before he moved in.
Lorene app.
Paper format and information4-5 pages in length.Papers mu.docxhoney690131
Paper format and information:
4-5 pages in length.
Papers must thoroughly explore the notable contributions of each performer.
Double spaced.
Use an easily readable font like Arial. Also use 12 point type.
Include sources in a bibliography at the end of your paper: Books, periodical articles, internet articles, etc.
EXAMPLE:
Follow the guidelines for writing as presented in one of the following style manuals:
A Pocket Style Manual
(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
(2016), by Diana Hacker and Nancy Sommers (7th edition) Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's: ISBN-10: 1319083528
The MLA Handbook (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
(Eighth edition)
, by Joseph Gibaldi. New York: Modern Language Association. 2016 ISBN-10: 1603292624
Note: At least 4 different sources for your information!
.
Paper in Health care quality management strategies - recent arti.docxhoney690131
Paper in Health care quality management strategies - recent articles it could be in Quality risk factors, Management strategies, Risk management patient, quality management in health care.. Use previous articles compare one disease for two countries then analyze and develop their strategies Make Saudi Arabia one of them or compare Saudi Arabia with other health care system such as European or America.
.
Paper 2 Assignment POT 2002.Assignment Write a 1000 wor.docxhoney690131
Paper 2 Assignment
POT 2002
.
Assignment: Write a 1000 word paper (= 3-4 pages, double-spaced) on one of the
following topics:
1.) In The Prince, Machiavelli writes: “And let no one resist my opinion on this
with that trite proverb, that whoever founds on the people founds on mud.”
According to Machiavelli, how should a prince “found on the people”? How does
his advice ultimately benefit the people?
2.) Take a look of the foundations of the social contract in both Hobbes and
Locke. How do their different assumptions about human nature and the state of
nature inform their theories? How does this result in their different conceptions
of civil society/government? Identify and analyze at least two different
assumptions and speak about the implications for their theories.
Papers cannot be submitted by email under any circumstances
Guidelines for Papers
1. Your paper is supposed to be an interpretation of some aspect of the
work(s): in other words, an argument concerning some aspect of the work
based on analysis of relevant textual evidence. Your paper is not supposed
to be a summary of the work, a statement of your opinion about the work, or a
discussion of its historical significance or relevance. Frame your paper as an
investigation of why and how the author makes the argument he or she does
rather than simply saying what is said. Turn your topic into an argument.
2. Give a clear statement of your argument at the beginning of your paper.
3. Unify your paper with a single argument with a logical development from one step of
the argument to the next. Do not make your paper a collection of separate points or
examples.
4. Every time you state that the author states or argues something you should
have evidence to support your statement, either in the form of a quotation or a specific
textual reference. Only quote what you need for your purposes. Try to look at your
quotations as something more than mere evidence, and instead as material that you
can analyze (break down into its parts in order to interpret it) in order to make your
argument.
5. Use clear and simple language, but a formal style. Obscurity is not profundity. Make
sure that you know the meaning of the words you use. You are writing a formal paper,
not an email message. Avoid colloquial or chatty language. Do not use contractions:
not using them reminds you of the appropriate level of discourse for your paper.
Criteria for assessing your work:
1. Do you have a clear statement of your argument?
2. Do you provide relevant evidence?
3. Are your reasoning and writing clear and effective?
4. Do you demonstrate understanding of the work(s) you are analyzing?
5. To what degree do you address the most important questions and problems
posed by the work(s) you are interpreting?
Warning: If your paper is effectively a summary of the work rather than an interpretation
of it, then the best grade you can possibly receive .
Paper detailsUnit 4 Discussion Prompt1. What is the .docxhoney690131
Paper details:
Unit 4 Discussion Prompt:
1. What is the primary distinction between early management theories and contemporary theories?
2. Discuss how management differs from leadership and give an example contrasting the two functions.
3. How do you define personal power? Of the power bases described, what resonates most with you?
4. Do leaders always need to be team players? Why or why not?
Participation Requirements:
Consult the grading rubric for the grading criteria.
Original discussion board posts:
• Create a thread for your original post identified with your name.
.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Bertos manufacturing corporation evaluating markets to inv
1. BERTOS MANUFACTURING CORPORATION
Evaluating Markets to Invest Abroad
E. N. Roussakis and Anastasios Moysidis
Abstract: This case deals with the key considerations when
planning an international
expansion through direct investment in foreign markets. These
considerations must be
addressed by a finance company seeking to establish foreign
subsidiaries to support the
international sales of its parent firm, a U.S.-based multinational
enterprise (MNE). The
company already operates three foreign subsidiaries--in Canada,
Mexico (both NAFTA
members), and the United Kingdom--but wishes to increase this
network further through
entry into additional markets. Ten candidate countries are
being considered to determine
the five most suitable for entry. Hence the need for a rational
decision of where to invest.
Keywords: Subsidiaries; multinational enterprise; transnational
activities; foreign direct
investment; g r e e n f i e l d i n v e s t m e n t ; l e v e r a g e d
i n s t i t u t i o n ; w h o l e s a l e
f i n a n c i n g ; c a p t i v e finance company; retail
installment contract
2. 1 Introduction
Victoria Pernarella is a recent university graduate in business
administration a n d a new
hire in Bertos Financial Services, Inc., a major finance company
in Nashville, Tennessee.
After a m o n t h l o n g r o t a t i o n a l t r a i n i n g t o g a
i n i n s i g h t s i n t o th e c o m p a n y ’ s scope
o f activities, she was placed in the international department
where she has been assigned
to work on a project. Bill Pappas, her manager, had asked her to
analyze a select number
of foreign countries to determine the best prospects for the local
establishment of
subsidiary finance companies. He went on to clarify that the
mode of entry into the foreign
markets-- acquisition of an existing company or a greenfield
investment (from the ground
up, that is, from a green field)--was not a primary consideration
at this stage. The
candidate countries were Botswana, Chile, Honduras, Iceland,
Indonesia, Kuwait, New Zealand,
Paraguay, Senegal, and Vietnam. With finance companies
highly leveraged institutions, the
firm was prepared to provide the initial amount of equity capital
needed for the
establishment of five such institutions. At this stage
therefore, the study ought
to limit its recommendation to a corresponding number of
foreign countries.
With this information at hand, Victoria started reflecting on the
approach to use for
her analysis. Sensing the need to prove her capabilities by
delivering a high quality study
3. for her first company assignment, she thought appropriate to
first familiarize herself with
the pertinent literature on the international expansion of
multinational enterprises (MNE)
in g e n e r a l a n d b a n k s i n p a r t i c u l a r , a n d t h e
n r e v i e w b a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a t i o n
o n h e r employer, and the scope of activities of its financial
subsidiary. Hence the
sequence of the following sections which address the
internationalization process
(literature review on the development o f MNEs), the modes of
bank entry into foreign
markets, b a c k g ro u n d o f parent company, financial
subsidiary and scope of activities, and
developing criteria for country recommendation.
2 Internationalization Process--A Theoretical Perspective
Recent decades have witnessed the internationalization o f
operations of many companies
around the world, and especially U.S. corporations. Although
the extent, form and pattern
of their transnational a c t i v i t i e s v a r y according t o the
characteristics o f the firms,
t h e products t h e y p r o d u c e , a n d t h e m a r k e t s i n
w h i c h t h e y o p e r a t e , t h e y a l l
r e f l e c t t h e dynamics of a changing and increasingly
competitive international
environment. Of the theories that have sought to explain the
transnational activities of
enterprises, the eclectic paradigm (Dunning, 1988) enjoys a
dominant position. This concept
provides a broad framework for the alternate channels of
international economic
4. involvement of enterprises and focuses on the parameters that
influence individual MNE
foreign investment decisions (Buckley and Casson, 1976;
Dunning, 1977). Specifically, the
eclectic paradigm identifies three important determinants in the
transnational activities of
firms-- ownership, location and internalization (OLI). The first
condition of the OLI
configuration states that a firm must possess certain owner-
specific competitive advantage
in its home market that can be transferred abroad if the firm’s
foreign direct investment
(FDI) is to be successful. This advantage must be firm specific,
not easily copied,
transferable, and powerful enough to compensate the firm for
the potential disadvantages
and risks of operating abroad. Certain ownership-specific
competitive advantages enjoyed
in the home market, such as financial strength and economies of
scale, are not necessarily
firm specific because they can be also attained b y other f i r m
s . Similarly, c e r t a i n ty p es
of technology d o not e n su re a firm - specific advantage
because they can be purchased,
licensed or copied. Production and marketing o f differentiated
p r o d u c t s , t o o , can lose
their competitive e d g e to modified versions of such products
promoted by lower pricing
and aggressive marketing.
The second strand in the OLI model stands for location-specific
advantages. That
Is, the foreign m a r k e t m u s t possess c e r t a i n ch
aracteristics t h a t will allow the firm to
exploit its competitive advantages in that market. Choice of
location may be a function of
5. market imperfections or of genuine comparative advantages of
particular places. Other
important considerations t h a t may influence the locational
decision may include a low-
cost but productive labor force, unique sources of raw materials,
form ation of a custom
unions or regional trading bloc, defensive investments to
counter a firm’s competitors, or
centers of advanced technology.
The third component of the OLI paradigm is internalization and
refers to the
importance for a firm to safeguard its competitive position by
maintaining control of its
entire v a l u e c h a i n i n i t s industry. This c a n b e a c
c o m p l i s h e d through f o r e i g n
d i r e c t investment r a t h e r t h a n l i c e n s i n g o r o u
t s o u r c i n g . Transferring
p r o p r i e t a r y i n f o r m a t i o n across national
boundaries within its own organization
w o u l d enable a firm to maintain control of its firm-specific
competitive advantage.
Establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries abroad r e d u c e
s t h e f i n a n c i a l agency
c o s t s t h a t a r i s e f r o m a s y m m e t r i c information,
lack of trust and the need to
monitor foreign partners, vendors, and financial intermediaries.
Further, if the parent firm
funds the operations of its foreign subsidiaries, self-financing e
l i m i n a t e s the need to
observe specific debt provisions t h a t would result from local
financing. If a
multinational firm has access to lower global cost and greater
availability of capital why
subject its operations to local financial norms or share these
important advantages with
6. local joint venture partners, distributors, licensees, and banks
that would probably have a
higher cost of capital.
Of t h e t h r e e p r e m i s e s o f t h e p a r a d i g m
described a b o v e , t h e
s e c o n d s t r a n d (locational a d v a n t a g e ) h a s b e e n
t h e s u b j e c t o f increased
t r e a t i s e . Although i n theory market imperfections and
comparative advantage are key
considerations in determining the attractiveness of particular
locations, in practice firms
have been observed to follow a search pattern influenced by
behavioral factors. As
rational decisions require availability of i n f o r m a t i o n
and f a c t s , d e t e r m i n i n g
where t o i n v e s t a b r o a d f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i s
significantly m o r e challenging than
where to reinvest abroad. The implication is that a firm learns
from its operations abroad
and what it learns influences subsequent decisions. This premise
l i e s behind tw o related
b e h a v i o r a l t h e o r i e s o f foreign direct in v estm en t
decisions--the behavioral approach
and international network theory. The former, exemplified b y
the S w e d i s h S c h o o l o f
economists (Johansen a n d W i e d e r s h e i m -Paul, 1975;
Johansen a n d V a l h n e , 1 9 7 7 ),
s o u g h t t o e x p l a i n b o t h t h e initial a n d l a t e r F
D I decisions of a sample of Swedish
MNEs based on these firms‟ scope of international operations
over time. The study
identified that these firms favored initially countries in “close
psychic distance”; that is,
7. they tended to invest first in countries that possessed a similar
cultural, legal, and
institutional environment to that of Sweden’s, e.g., in such
countries as Denmark, Finland,
Norway, Germany and the United Kingdom. As the firms gained
know ledge a n d
experience f r o m their initial o p e r a t i o n s, they tended to
accept greater r i s k s b o t h i n
t e r m s of the countries’ p s y c h i c d i s t a n c e a n d t h
e s i z e o f their investments.
The development and growth of Swedish companies over time,
contributed to a
transformation i n the nature of the parent/foreign-subsidiary
relationship. The
international network theory addresses this transformation by
identifying such changes as
the evolution of control from centralized to decentralized,
nominal authority of the parent
firm over the organizational network, foreign subsidiaries
competing with each other and
with the parent for resource allocations, and political coalitions
with competing internal
and external networks.
Some authors (Eiteman et al., 2010) view the
internationalization of operations as
an o u t g r o w t h o f s e q u e n t i a l s t a g e s i n th e d e
v e l o p m e n t o f a f i r m . They r e f e r t o
this progression in the scope of business activity as the
globalization process and identify
three distinct phases. In the domestic phase, a company sells its
products to local
customers, and purchases i t s m anufacturing a n d s e r v i c e
i n p u t s f r o m lo cal v e n d o r s .
As t h e company grows t o b e c o m e a v i s i b l e a n d v
8. i a b l e c o m p e t i t o r a t h o m e ,
i m p e r f e c t i o n s i n f o r e i g n national markets or
comparative advantages of particular
locations translate into market opportunities and provide the
impetus for an expansion
strategy. Entry into one or more foreign markets will make the
company attain the
international trade phase. At this stage the c o m p a n y i m p o
r t s i t s in p u ts f r o m
f o r e i g n s u p p l i e r s a n d e x p o r t s i t s p r o d u c t
s a n d services to foreign buyers. In this
facet, the firm faces increased challenges of its financial
management, o v e r and above the
traditional r e q u i r e m e n t s o f the domestic-only p h a s e
. Exports and imports expose the
firm to foreign exchange risk as a result of currency
fluctuations in global markets.
Moreover, they expose the firm to credit risk management;
assessing the credit quality of
the foreign buyers and sellers is more formidable than in
domestic business. When the firm
senses the need to set up foreign s a l e s and service affiliates,
manufacture abroad or
license foreign firms to produce and service its products, it
progresses to the third phase,
the multinational phase. Many multinational enterprises prefer t
o i n v e s t i n w h o l l y
o w n e d s u b s i d i a r i e s t o m a i n t a i n e f f e c t i v e
c o n t r o l o f t h e i r competitive
advantage and any new information generated through research.
Ownership of assets and
enterprises in foreign countries exposes the firm’s FDI to
political risk-- political events that
9. can undermine the economic viability and performance of the
firm in those c o u n t r i e s .
Political r i s k can range f r o m se iz u re o f property
(expropriation) a n d ethnic strife to
conflict with the objectives of the host government (governance
risk) and limitations on
the ability to transfer funds out of the host country (blocked
funds).
Figure 1 portrays the sequential s t a g e s in a firm’s
international e x p a n s i o n a n d
provides an overview of the globalization process and the FDI
decision. For a firm with a
competitive advantage in i t s h o m e m a r k e t , a t y p i
c a l sequence in i t s
i n t e r n a t i o n a l expansion would be the reach to one or
more foreign markets by first
using export agents and other intermediaries before engaging in
direct dealings with foreign
agents and distributors. As the firm learns more about
foreign market conditions,
payment conventions and financial institutions it feels more
confident in establishing its
own sales subsidiary, s e r v i c e facilities and distribution
system . These moves c u l m i n a t e
in foreign direct investments and control of assets abroad.
Some of these assets may have
been built from the ground up, or acquired through purchase of
an existing firm or
facility. As the level of physical presence in foreign markets
increases so does the size
of foreign direct investment.
10. 3 Modes of Bank Entry into Foreign Markets
Unlike industrial and manufacturing firms, w h i c h have
expanded internationally along
the patterns suggested above (eclectic paradigm and
globalization process), financial
institutions h a v e e n t e r e d f o r e i g n m a r k e t s p r i
m a r i l y i n response t o the n e e d s o f
their business clients. Indeed, this has been the case for
commercial banks, the oldest and
most dominant institution of the U.S. financial system. The
growth of multinational
corporations and the accelerating pace of globalization in
business activity increased the
demand for international financial services and i n d u c e
d the e x p a n s i o n of
b a n k s ’ international operations a n d p r e s e n c e a b r
o a d . Whether p r o a c t i v e l y
(to e n h a n c e o w n growth and profitability) or defensively
(to deny a competitor the
benefit of the client’s business), banks have sought to enter
foreign markets early and
quickly to gain from the first-mover advantage. The rush of
Western banks into Central
and Eastern Europe in the
1990s exemplifies the drive to gain this first-mover advantage
(Hughes and MacDonald,
2004).
In weighing entry into a foreign market a number of factors
must be taken into
account, including the bank’s resources (both financial and
human), projected volume of
international business, k n o w l e d g e o f --and e x p e r i e
n c e w i t h --foreign markets,
11. b a n k i n g structure a n d r e g u l a t i o n i n t h e c o u n
t r i e s t a r g e t e d f o r e n t r y , t a x
c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , and customer profile. A key variable in
the decision process is the
vehicle to be used in the delivery of international services.
Major banks around the
world have used anyone or a combination o f vehicles to
structure their international
o p e r a t i o n s . The lowest possible level of presence in a
foreign market may be attained
through a correspondent banking relationship--using a native
institution t o provide the
financial s e r v i c e s needed in that market. This approach
may be duplicated in one or
more countries abroad, as needed, for the p r o c e s s i n g o f
i n t e r n a t i o n a l transactions.
It e n t a i l s n o i n v e s t m e n t and h e n c e n o
Exposure t o the foreign m a r k e t . Extension o f services
m a y be based on a reciprocal
deposit account between the banks or an individual fee per
transaction. A representative
office e n a b l e s a p h y s i c a l p r e s e n c e i n a f o r e
i g n m a r k e t . However, i t c a n n o t
p r o v i d e traditional banking services; it can only engage in
such activities as serving
as a liaison and performing marketing function for the parent
bank. As it does not
constitute a legal entity it has no legal or tax liability. An
agency may perform more
functions than a representative office but cannot perform all
banking functions (e.g., in the
United States a foreign b a n k a g e n c y m a y e x t e n d l o
c a l l o a n s b u t c a n n o t a c c e p t
12. l o c a l d e p o s i t s ). The principal vehicle used by U.S.
banks in the conduct of their
activities internationall y is the branch office. This office is a
legal and operational part of
the parent bank, backed the full resources of the parent in the
performance of the banking
functions permitted by the host country. Although it requires a
sizable investment it
enables the provision of full banking services, which t h e p r i
o r v e h i c l e s d o n o t . A
branch o f f i c e i s s u b j e c t t o two s e t s o f
regulation--those o f the home country and
those of the host country. A subsidiary is a separate legal entity
organized under the
laws, and hence regulated by the authorities, of the host
country. It is the second most
important vehicle used by commercial banks for the conduct of
banking business, and may
be established as a new organizatio n or through the purchase of
an existing institution.
Whatever the approach used in its establishment, a subsidiary o
f f e r s two important
a d v a n t a g e s o v e r a branch: it may provide for a wider
range of services, and it limits the
liability of the parent bank to the amount of its equity
investment i n that e n t i t y . The
m a i n d i s a d v a n t a g e o f a s u b s i d i a r y i s that i t
m u s t b e separately capitalized from the
parent bank, which may often entail a greater start up
investment than a branch (Rose and
Hudgins, 2010).
U.S. finance companies interested to expand their activities
internationally t a k e
into account many of the same criteria used by banks. In
structuring their international
13. operations U.S. finance companies favor the subsidiary
organizational form because of the
advantages associated with this type of vehicle. Just as in U.S.
financial markets, foreign
financial s u b s i d i a r i e s a r e heavy u s e r s o f debt i n
f i n a n c i n g t h e i r o p e r a t i o n s .
Principal sources of borrowed funds include bank credits and
issues of debt (e.g., bonds)
in capital markets t o finance th eir lending a c t i v i t i e s i n
their respective m a r k e t s
(Madura, 2 0 1 1 ; Gitman et al., 2010). Finance companies are
extremely diversified in their
credit granting activities, offering a wide range of loans, leasing
plans and long term
credit to support capital investment. One of the most important
markets for finance
companies has been the extension of business-oriented financial
services including working
capital loans, revolving credit and equipment lease financing.
4 Background of Parent Company
Bertos Manufacturing Corporation (BMC) is one of the largest
companies of the country
in the manufacturing of construction and mining equipment,
and engines. BMC draws its
origin in a California firm organized in 1890 to manufacture
steam-powered tractors for
farming. The firm was nominally c a p i t a l i z e d and
aspired to make inroads in the local
market by having its tractors plow California fields. However,
soon after the turn of the
14. century, a n a b a n d o n e d m a n u f a c t u r i n g p l a n t
b y a f a i l e d t r a c t o r c o m p a n y i n
a m a j o r manufacturing c e n t e r in Illinois was
instrumental i n the relocation of
operations in the
Midwest. The l o c a t i o n of t h i s c e n t e r on t h e
Mississippi River made i t a
prime transportation hub offering important prospects for the
young company. Indeed, the
move proved a turning point in the development of the
company. Domestic sales grew so
significantly that by 1911 the factory employed a little over 600
individuals. A natural
consequence o f t h e d o m e s t i c m o m e n t u m w a s t h
e f i r m ’ s e n t r y i n t o f o r e i g n
m a r k e t s through tractor exports to Argentina, Mexico, and
Canada.
World W ar II was a company m i l e s t o n e a s it created a
sharp increase i n the
demand for tractors to built airfields and other military
facilities in strategic sites of the
Pacific. However, it was during the post-war construction boom
that the company grew at
a rapid pace. A series of mergers and acquisitions diversified
operations into the current
scope of products and contributed to BMC’s growth to an
industrial company of national
and international dimension. A successful export-oriented
strategy led to the establishment
of a manufacturing venture outside the United States in 1950,
which marked the beginning
of BMC’s development into a multinational corporation.
15. The company operates in two primary lines of business:
machinery and engines.
The machinery line of business designs manufactures and sells
construction, mining, and
forestry machinery, including track and wheel tractors,
hydraulic excavators, pipe layers,
log loaders, off highway trucks, and related parts. The engines
business line designs,
manufactures and sells diesel and natural gas engines and gas
turbines, which, in addition
to their use in the company's own machines and vehicles,
provide power for boats, ships
and locomotives.
The r e c e n t f i n a n c i a l c r i s i s (2008) l e d t o t h e
r e s t r u c t u r i n g of
o p e r a t i o n s a n d renewed management’s commitment to
fuel efficiency, quality,
technology and safety of the company's machinery and engine
products. Overall, BMC
manufactures some 400 products, which are sold both at home,
and abroad t h r o u g h a
network o f dealers. The company has a worldwide network of
220 dealers: 63 dealers in
the United States and 157 in other countries. To accommodate
domestic and international
demand for its products and components the company has built
109 plants in different part
of the world. Of these, 51 plants are located in the United
States and 58 in foreign
countries, namely, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, England,
France, Germany, Hungary,
India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands,
Northern Ireland, the People's
Republic of China, Poland, Russia, South Africa and Sweden.
16. The c o m p a n y a l s o
l i c e n s e s o r s u b c o n t r a c t s t h e manufacture of
BMC-branded clothing, hats,
footwear, and other consumer products. To s u p p o r t higher
v o l u m e s , growth a n d
n e w p r o d u c t i n t r o d u c t i o n s , BMC’s worldwide
employment is a little over 100,000,
split evenly between the United States and the rest of the world.
Consolidated revenue last
year amounted to about $45 billion and net profit (after taxes)
$3.5 billion (Table 1).
More than half of the total revenue was generated o u t s i d e
the United States, w h i l e the
North American m a r k e t was the single largest source. A
breakdown of revenues by
geographic region is provided in Table 2.
Although this performance represents the culmination of an
effective international
strategy, BMC has been increasingly c o n c e r n e d about its
future potential in the global
market place. Its board of directors has recognized that although
opportunities for future
growth exist, international competition may undermine the
maximization of consolidated
after-tax returns. To offset th e effects of such a trend, the
board, in its last meeting,
decided t o e x p l o r e n e w a v e n u e s f o r g r o w t h .
A t o p p r o s p e c t was t h e
i n t e r n a t i o n a l expansion of financial services to support
the overseas dealer sales of
BMC products.
5 Financial Subsidiary and Scope of Activities
17. Following t h e practice of other industry leaders (e.g.,
General Electric, M o t o r o l a , a n d
Ford Motor Company), BMC established a wholly-owned, and
separately incorporated,
finance co m p a n y t o perform a dual function--to a c c o m
m o d a t e t h e credit n e e d s of the
parent but most importantly to finance parent company sales
(hence the reference to such
a f i r m a s a c a p t i v e f i n a n c e c o m p a n y ).
Established i n N a s h v i l l e ,
T e n n e s s e e , Bertos Financial Services, Inc. (BFSI)
promotes the sale of the parent's
products and services by engaged in the extension of credit.
Specifically, BFSI extends
wholesale financing to, and purchases r e t a i l installment c o
n t r a c t s f r o m , f r a n c h i s e d
d e a l e r s . Also, it offers v a r i o u s forms o f i n s u r a n
c e t o c u s t o m e r s a n d d e a l e r s t o
s u p p o r t t h e p u r c h a s e a n d l e a s e o f equipment.
Table 3 identifies the location of
BFSI offices in the United States and the geographical m ark et
covered by each office.
The company’s domestic network includes 10 regional offices
and a wholly owned
subsidiary, w h i c h engages solely in the financing and
leasing of construction and
trucking industry equipment on a national scale. Table 3 also id
en tifies B F S I ’ s current
p r e s e n c e a b r o a d , which i s limited t o three s u b s i d
i a r i e s located i n the f o l l o w i n g
c o u n t r i e s --Canada and M exico (both m e m b e r s o f
the North American Free Trade
Agreement), and the United Kingdom.
In its last meeting the BMC board felt that if the spectrum of
18. credit activities
pursued a t home c o u l d b e duplicated a b r o a d i t w o u
l d a d d im portant i m p e t u s i n the
company’s international g r o w t h m o m e n t u m . The
board b e l i e v e s t h a t e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f
finance companies in a n a d d i t i o n a l number of s e l
e c t foreign countries would
be instrumental in maximizing corporate investment returns. To
this end it has requested
an in-house study to screen foreign prospects and expressed the
interest to review
recommendations in its forthcoming meeting. It was under these
circumstances that Bill
Papas assigned the task for this study to Victoria.
6 Developing Criteria for Country Recommendation
To screen the best five prospects among the ten candidate
countries for the establishment
of subsidiary finance companies, Victoria thought appropriate
to develop a set of criteria
on which to base her recommendation. Although she could read
idly identify several key
criteria, s h e f e l t s h e s h o u l d g i v e also d u e
consideration t o the rules and regulations
governing bank operations in the candidate countries. Granted
that the objective was not
to set up commercial banks but finance companies; however, the
banking regulatory
framework provided a n i n d i c a t i o n of t h e k i n d o f
c r e d i t a n d f i n a n c i a l
environment prevailing in these countries.
19. Although t h e focus o f her s t u d y w a s the best f i v e
foreign p r o s p e c t s , s h e f e l t
important t o d e f e n d h e r r e c o m m e n d a t i o n by a
l s o a d d r e s s i n g t h e w e a k n e s s e s
o f t h e excluded countries. She realized that this
classification was only pertinent under
present circumstances and that some of the excluded countries
could realize latent
opportunities to qualify for entry at a later time.
7 Assignment
1. Identify the key criteria and considerations that need to be
taken into account in
evaluating BFSI entry in the proposed foreign markets.
2. Of the countries under consideration, which five would be
most suitable for the
immediate establishment of a BFSI subsidiary? Highlight the
key issues for each of the
selected countries and discuss the reasoning behind your
recommendation.
3. Which countries would be unsuitable for a BFSI subsidiary at
this time, and what are
the basic shortcomings in each case?