A presentation on various benign bone tumors including chondroid, osteoid, cystic, etc.
Different imaging modalities were explained including CT, MRI, Bone scan, plain radiographs, etc.
Sentinel node biopsy in oncology a breif overviewRamin Sadeghi
In this overview, I have discussed the application and indications of sentinel lymph node biopsy in surgical oncology including gynecological cancers, Urological cancers, breast cancer, melanoma, and gastrointestinal cancers.
Several cases of our department were also included in the presentation to augment the message of the presentation.
It is an evidence based overview.
Precision and follow up scans in bone densitometryRamin Sadeghi
The current presentation is a brief overview of precision and follow up scans in BMD with especial attention to least significant change and Z-score changes in children
In this presentation imaging properties of primary bone tumors of the spinal column and sacrum are discussed in detail: Including ABC, plasmacytoma, giant cell tumor, etc.
Powerpoint presentation on techniques and artifacts of bone mineral densitometry.
Especial attention to hip, lumbar spine and forearm artifacts separately. Lots of real patient examples and the solutions to the technical errors.
Different vendors such as Norland, Hologic, and Lunar have been discussed.
Bone mineral densitometry in pediatricsRamin Sadeghi
Update of the previous presentation of the topic of bone mineral densitometry in children.
HAZ method (height for age Z-score) for height adjustment was introduced in this version.
Sentinel node in breast cancer: update of the previous presentationRamin Sadeghi
This is an update of the presentation:
Sentinel node in breast cancer: controversies
In this presentation the most important controversies in breast cancer lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy have been discussed based on NCCN guideline.
Nuclear medicine application in parathyroid diordersRamin Sadeghi
Parathyroid imaging techniques such as Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound are useful for localizing abnormal parathyroid glands prior to surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. While no single technique is perfect, combining modalities improves sensitivity. Intraoperative PTH monitoring helps confirm surgical success. Bilateral neck exploration is recommended for negative or equivocal imaging to avoid missed multiglandular disease. Minimally invasive approaches require clear, unilateral localization to avoid incomplete treatment.
Sentinel node biopsy in oncology a breif overviewRamin Sadeghi
In this overview, I have discussed the application and indications of sentinel lymph node biopsy in surgical oncology including gynecological cancers, Urological cancers, breast cancer, melanoma, and gastrointestinal cancers.
Several cases of our department were also included in the presentation to augment the message of the presentation.
It is an evidence based overview.
Precision and follow up scans in bone densitometryRamin Sadeghi
The current presentation is a brief overview of precision and follow up scans in BMD with especial attention to least significant change and Z-score changes in children
In this presentation imaging properties of primary bone tumors of the spinal column and sacrum are discussed in detail: Including ABC, plasmacytoma, giant cell tumor, etc.
Powerpoint presentation on techniques and artifacts of bone mineral densitometry.
Especial attention to hip, lumbar spine and forearm artifacts separately. Lots of real patient examples and the solutions to the technical errors.
Different vendors such as Norland, Hologic, and Lunar have been discussed.
Bone mineral densitometry in pediatricsRamin Sadeghi
Update of the previous presentation of the topic of bone mineral densitometry in children.
HAZ method (height for age Z-score) for height adjustment was introduced in this version.
Sentinel node in breast cancer: update of the previous presentationRamin Sadeghi
This is an update of the presentation:
Sentinel node in breast cancer: controversies
In this presentation the most important controversies in breast cancer lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy have been discussed based on NCCN guideline.
Nuclear medicine application in parathyroid diordersRamin Sadeghi
Parathyroid imaging techniques such as Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound are useful for localizing abnormal parathyroid glands prior to surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. While no single technique is perfect, combining modalities improves sensitivity. Intraoperative PTH monitoring helps confirm surgical success. Bilateral neck exploration is recommended for negative or equivocal imaging to avoid missed multiglandular disease. Minimally invasive approaches require clear, unilateral localization to avoid incomplete treatment.
Sentinel node mapping in breast cancer controversiesRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation the most important controversies in breast cancer lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy have been discussed based on NCCN guideline.
Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in children require adjustments for factors like body and bone size due to ongoing growth. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used but provides areal BMD which is dependent on bone size. Several methods can adjust for size including calculating bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and using the Molgaard method. Interpretation requires comparing to age-matched reference data, and the limited Iranian database may not match equipment brands. Serial scans assess changes rather than absolute BMD values due to childhood growth.
Nuclear medicine application in colorectal cancersRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation a brief evidence based application of nuclear medicine in colorectal cancer is given.
All recommendations are based on NCCN guideline.
Nuclear medicine application in neuroendocrine tumors (net)Ramin Sadeghi
This document discusses the use of nuclear medicine techniques for staging and treatment monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors. Positron emission tomography using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues like Ga-68 DOTATATE is recommended for staging most well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. In-111 or Tc-99m octreotide scintigraphy is also used but has lower sensitivity than PET. F-18 FDG PET is used for poorly differentiated and extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. I-123 MIBG, somatostatin receptor imaging, or FDG PET are used for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma staging if metastasis is suspected. Lu-177 DOTATATE
In this presentation nuclear medicine application in nephrology is explained in detail based on UPTODATE evidence based recommendations.
Different examples were given.
The document discusses liver segmentation from medical images. Liver segmentation is an important task for surgical planning and diagnosis but is challenging due to the liver's anatomical complexity and variations across patients. Automatic and accurate segmentation methods using techniques like atlas-based segmentation and deep learning can help physicians by providing segmented liver masks from CT and MRI volumes.
In this presentation, radiological characteristics of different bone tumors has been explained in detail including MRI, CT scan, Bone scan, and plain radiography.
In this presentation, radiological characteristics of different bone tumors has been explained in detail including MRI, CT scan, Bone scan, and plain radiography.
Nuclear medicine application in parathyroid diordersRamin Sadeghi
A brief explanation of nuclear medicine application in parathyroid disorders including diagnosis and minimally invasive radioguided parathyroid surgery including parathyroid adenoma, carcinoma, hyperplasia, etc.
Nuclear medicine in biliary tract disordersRamin Sadeghi
The document summarizes nuclear medicine techniques for evaluating various biliary tract disorders. Cholescintigraphy using radiotracers can help diagnose acute cholecystitis, functional gallbladder disorders, and gallstone ileus. It evaluates gallbladder ejection fraction to identify sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and determine surgical candidacy for patients with functional gallbladder disorders. Biliary leaks after surgery are also detectable on hepatobiliary scans.
In this presentation, a clinical application of isotope cisternography is explained in detail. Several examples are provided.
The slides are based on UPTODATE.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Sentinel node mapping in breast cancer controversiesRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation the most important controversies in breast cancer lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy have been discussed based on NCCN guideline.
Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in children require adjustments for factors like body and bone size due to ongoing growth. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used but provides areal BMD which is dependent on bone size. Several methods can adjust for size including calculating bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and using the Molgaard method. Interpretation requires comparing to age-matched reference data, and the limited Iranian database may not match equipment brands. Serial scans assess changes rather than absolute BMD values due to childhood growth.
Nuclear medicine application in colorectal cancersRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation a brief evidence based application of nuclear medicine in colorectal cancer is given.
All recommendations are based on NCCN guideline.
Nuclear medicine application in neuroendocrine tumors (net)Ramin Sadeghi
This document discusses the use of nuclear medicine techniques for staging and treatment monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors. Positron emission tomography using radiolabeled somatostatin analogues like Ga-68 DOTATATE is recommended for staging most well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. In-111 or Tc-99m octreotide scintigraphy is also used but has lower sensitivity than PET. F-18 FDG PET is used for poorly differentiated and extrapulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. I-123 MIBG, somatostatin receptor imaging, or FDG PET are used for pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma staging if metastasis is suspected. Lu-177 DOTATATE
In this presentation nuclear medicine application in nephrology is explained in detail based on UPTODATE evidence based recommendations.
Different examples were given.
The document discusses liver segmentation from medical images. Liver segmentation is an important task for surgical planning and diagnosis but is challenging due to the liver's anatomical complexity and variations across patients. Automatic and accurate segmentation methods using techniques like atlas-based segmentation and deep learning can help physicians by providing segmented liver masks from CT and MRI volumes.
In this presentation, radiological characteristics of different bone tumors has been explained in detail including MRI, CT scan, Bone scan, and plain radiography.
In this presentation, radiological characteristics of different bone tumors has been explained in detail including MRI, CT scan, Bone scan, and plain radiography.
Nuclear medicine application in parathyroid diordersRamin Sadeghi
A brief explanation of nuclear medicine application in parathyroid disorders including diagnosis and minimally invasive radioguided parathyroid surgery including parathyroid adenoma, carcinoma, hyperplasia, etc.
Nuclear medicine in biliary tract disordersRamin Sadeghi
The document summarizes nuclear medicine techniques for evaluating various biliary tract disorders. Cholescintigraphy using radiotracers can help diagnose acute cholecystitis, functional gallbladder disorders, and gallstone ileus. It evaluates gallbladder ejection fraction to identify sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and determine surgical candidacy for patients with functional gallbladder disorders. Biliary leaks after surgery are also detectable on hepatobiliary scans.
In this presentation, a clinical application of isotope cisternography is explained in detail. Several examples are provided.
The slides are based on UPTODATE.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.