The document outlines strategies for creating efficient presentations, emphasizing the importance of various principles including contiguity, modality, redundancy, coherence, personalization, and segmenting. It discusses how to effectively combine words and visuals, maintain clarity by avoiding clutter, and engage audiences through conversational English. Additionally, it references the work of Clark and Mayer on multimedia learning guidelines.

2. How to Create an EfficientHow to Create an Efficient
PresentationPresentation
 Ben PisaniBen Pisani
 ENG 506ENG 506

3. Graphic FunctionsGraphic Functions
 DecorativeDecorative

4. RepresentationalRepresentational
 Single ElementSingle Element

5. RelationalRelational
 QuantitativeQuantitative
RelationshipRelationship

6. OrganizationalOrganizational
 Relationship betweenRelationship between
two or more itemstwo or more items

7. TransformationalTransformational
 Change over TimeChange over Time

8. InterpretiveInterpretive
 InvisibleInvisible
RelationshipsRelationships

9. ContentContent
 FactsFacts

10. ConceptsConcepts
 CategoriesCategories

11. ProcessProcess
 Description of howDescription of how
something workssomething works

12. ProcedureProcedure
 Series of StepsSeries of Steps

13. PrinciplePrinciple
 GuidelinesGuidelines

14. More InformationMore Information
 Novice LearningNovice Learning
 Static VisualsStatic Visuals
 Animated VisualsAnimated Visuals

15. Principles of ContiguityPrinciples of Contiguity
 Coordinate words and graphicsCoordinate words and graphics

16. Contiguity: DO NOTContiguity: DO NOT
 Separate textSeparate text
 FeedbackFeedback
 Separate DirectionsSeparate Directions
 Bottom TextBottom Text
 Narrate then show graphicsNarrate then show graphics

17. Modality PrincipleModality Principle
 Audio Instead of TextAudio Instead of Text
 Keep wordsKeep words

18. Redundancy PrincipleRedundancy Principle
 Old Idea: Auditory and Visual LearnersOld Idea: Auditory and Visual Learners
 Time WastedTime Wasted
 Resources WastedResources Wasted

19. Coherence PrincipleCoherence Principle
 ClutterClutter
 Keep what is CentralKeep what is Central
 No Extraneous PicturesNo Extraneous Pictures
 No irrelevant picturesNo irrelevant pictures

20. Personalization PrinciplePersonalization Principle
 Conversational EnglishConversational English
 Bonds with materialBonds with material
 Be PoliteBe Polite
 Make Author VisibleMake Author Visible

21. Segmenting and PretrainingSegmenting and Pretraining
PrinciplesPrinciples
 Break lessonBreak lesson
 PretrainingPretraining

22. Questions?Questions?

23.  Clark, R., & Mayer, R. (2011).Clark, R., & Mayer, R. (2011). e-learninge-learning
and the science of instruction: Provenand the science of instruction: Proven
guidelines for consumers and designers ofguidelines for consumers and designers of
multimedia learningmultimedia learning. Pfeiffer.. Pfeiffer.