Lyn White once said, “The greatest ethical test that we're ever going to face is the treatment of those who are at our mercy” (Chandler, 2007). Now, that is a powerful statement. Inmates are completely at the mercy of their caregivers and other employees of the facility in which they are housed. Although many people believe that inmates are not worthy of equal
medical treatment, nurses have an ethical and moral responsibility to provide care based on health care standards. However, sometimes this proves to be a difficult task. Due to the daily challenges in a correctional facility, correctional nurses face an array of ethical dilemmas including inmate rights, patient advocacy, and forensic testing.
How useful are advance directives in directing end of life care and do people really understand or want to know the true status of their health as the end nears?
How useful are advance directives in directing end of life care and do people really understand or want to know the true status of their health as the end nears?
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Patient Related Barriers Associated with Under Enrollment in Hospice: A ReviewQUESTJOURNAL
Background: Hospice care provides better quality of life compared with usual care, and focuses on caring, rather than curing. Many factors facing cancer patients at the last days of life prevent them from enrollment in hospice. Purpose:to identify the barriers associated with hospice under enrollment for terminally ill cancer patients. Methodology: an integrative literature review design was utilized, CINAHL, and PubMed were accessed by using key words (hospice, barriers, and cancer patients), and after applying inclusion criteria 8 articles were considered to meet the purpose of this review. Findings: through reviewing literatures,15% of hospice patients dis enrolled from hospice due to long-stay hospitalization, hospital death, & higher medicare expenditure with in sufficient insurance coverage (financial burden), and some other factors may contribute in under enrollment in hospice such as knowledge deficiency with misconception of hospice terminology and scope,mistrust of health care professionals, death timing, and some policies may create a barrier and restrict access to care for hospice. Conclusion:factors that may be associated with under enrollment of terminally ill cancer patients in hospice were lack of knowledge and misperception of hospice scope, emotional, physical and financial burden toward patient and family, death timing and bad quality of care
A presentation designed to inform health care workers about the components and importance of advance directives, with specific information for Massachusetts residents.
The goal of this webinar was to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy and practice of hospice care and palliative care, including common myths and misconceptions, common diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Patient Related Barriers Associated with Under Enrollment in Hospice: A ReviewQUESTJOURNAL
Background: Hospice care provides better quality of life compared with usual care, and focuses on caring, rather than curing. Many factors facing cancer patients at the last days of life prevent them from enrollment in hospice. Purpose:to identify the barriers associated with hospice under enrollment for terminally ill cancer patients. Methodology: an integrative literature review design was utilized, CINAHL, and PubMed were accessed by using key words (hospice, barriers, and cancer patients), and after applying inclusion criteria 8 articles were considered to meet the purpose of this review. Findings: through reviewing literatures,15% of hospice patients dis enrolled from hospice due to long-stay hospitalization, hospital death, & higher medicare expenditure with in sufficient insurance coverage (financial burden), and some other factors may contribute in under enrollment in hospice such as knowledge deficiency with misconception of hospice terminology and scope,mistrust of health care professionals, death timing, and some policies may create a barrier and restrict access to care for hospice. Conclusion:factors that may be associated with under enrollment of terminally ill cancer patients in hospice were lack of knowledge and misperception of hospice scope, emotional, physical and financial burden toward patient and family, death timing and bad quality of care
A presentation designed to inform health care workers about the components and importance of advance directives, with specific information for Massachusetts residents.
The goal of this webinar was to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy and practice of hospice care and palliative care, including common myths and misconceptions, common diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Low-Loss and High-Bandwidth Multimode Polymer Waveguide Components Using Refr...Jian Chen
Low-loss and high-bandwidth (>47 GHz×m) multimode polymer waveguide crossings (<0.02 /><1dB) are demonstrated. The performance of passive optical backplanes comprising such components is also optimised using refractive-index engineering and launch conditioning.
mapa conceptual del agua, sus usos y contaminación e importanciajosu3000
mapa de agua en química uno y química dos para la maestra gorrona y mi equipo para subirlo a mi blogger
espero que este mapa conceptual les guste porque me esforze mucho
EHR In Health Care Essay
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I NEED A RESPONSE FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT2 REFERENCESMoral and E.docxvernettacrofts
I NEED A RESPONSE FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT
2 REFERENCES
Moral and Ethical Issues Encountered by PMHNPs
Although psychiatric mental healthcare nurse practitioners are legally required to protect the confidentiality of mental health information disclosed by their patients, most states have laws either mandating or permitting practitioners to reveal confidential information when patients pose harm to a third party.
Most of these laws, commonly referred to as “duty to warn” laws, were passed following the seminal court case of
Tarasoff v. The Regents of the University of California
(Rothstein, 2014). This case established a duty among mental health professionals to warn potential victims of a risk of violence. The laws afford mental health professionals’ immunity from civil and criminal liability for the disclosure of confidential mental health information under certain conditions (Rothstein, 2014). It is important for healthcare providers to familiarize themselves with the privacy provisions for Duty to protect and laws within the state they are practicing.
Moral and Ethical Dilemmas in Adults
According to HIPAA guidelines, mental health providers, like other health care professionals, are subject to liability for breaching provider-patient confidentiality. However, although the duty to protect, as delineated in the
Tarasoff
decision, is intended to relieve providers of such liability by mandating that they alert others of a possible threat from a patient, an incorrect reading of a situation could have the opposite effect (Rothstein, 2014). Precisely, in a situation in which a provider strongly feels that a particular circumstance justifies a breach of provider-patient confidentiality but is ultimately mistaken, the provider could then be held liable to the patient for the breach, irrespective of any good intention on the part of the provider (Rothstein, 2014). In Opposition, a provider who favors confidentiality over the issuance of a warning could be subject to civil liability for negligence to any threatened third party (Rothstein, 2014).
Often over the course of treating a
client
with HIV disease, the psychiatrist may encounter situations that generate safety concerns.
Clients
who are in advanced stages of HIV may suddenly become weak and unable to perform normal activities (Barret et al., 2001). Sometimes dementia may be observed first by the
mental
health
practitioner (Barret et al., 2001). The ethical principle requiring respect for the
client's
autonomy may clash with the
duty
to
protect
both the
client
and the public. Consultation with medical personnel may help relieve these situations, but often more direct action may be necessary. The American Nurses Association requires that APRNs deliver care in a manner that preserves and protects healthcare consumer autonomy, dignity, and rights, while demonstrating a commitment to practicing self-care, managing stress, and connecting with self and others (ANA, 2014).
Mor.
Essay on Death with Dignity
human dignity
Meaning Of Dignity
Dignity Conserving Essay
Dignity and Respect
On The Dignity Of Man
Death With Dignity Essay
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for aBenitoSumpter862
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for a patient’s inability to pay for medications (prescriptions).
Your response should be at least 200 words in length
2. “Front desk syndrome” is a particularly troublesome aspect of patients visiting their healthcare provider. Write an essay describing this phenomena and methods to prevent or decrease its occurrence.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Inmate Manipulation and Boundaries
Nicole Jones, Dionne Russell, Francisco Villegas, Lupe Silva
University of Phoenix
CPSS/430
Dr. Debra McCoy
May 16, 2022
What to Expect from This Presentation
Summary of manipulation scenario
Development of a plan for how to maintain boundaries in this situation
Possible obstacles in setting and maintaining these boundaries
Identifying ethical and legal consequences to not maintaining boundaries in this situation
Manipulation Scenario
Patricia Wilkes works as a correctional officer at Corcoran California state prison. Corcoran is a high security institution that houses some of the most violent male offenders. Patricia has worked at the institution for four years and has encountered two attacks against her from two separate inmates over a year span. Patricia is freshly returned back to work after being off for a week due to her injuries from her latest attack. The attack involved her being pushed down by an inmate, causing a sprain arm. Feeling vulnerable Patricia became friends with an inmate who witnessed the attack and promised to issue protection if she sneaks in contraband for him. She is conflicted but, because she is afraid; she agrees to do it.
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries (continued)
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries (continued)
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Questions
References
HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify and explain how demographics, such as age and race, impact true access to quality care.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Disparities in Health Care: Race and Age Matters
Unit Lesson
Many Americans find it difficult to even comprehend being denied access to medical care. When we are sick,
we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and procure the necessary treatment that will
restore us to our previous level of health. T ...
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for aSantosConleyha
1.Write an essay discussing the various causes and solutions for a patient’s inability to pay for medications (prescriptions).
Your response should be at least 200 words in length
2. “Front desk syndrome” is a particularly troublesome aspect of patients visiting their healthcare provider. Write an essay describing this phenomena and methods to prevent or decrease its occurrence.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Inmate Manipulation and Boundaries
Nicole Jones, Dionne Russell, Francisco Villegas, Lupe Silva
University of Phoenix
CPSS/430
Dr. Debra McCoy
May 16, 2022
What to Expect from This Presentation
Summary of manipulation scenario
Development of a plan for how to maintain boundaries in this situation
Possible obstacles in setting and maintaining these boundaries
Identifying ethical and legal consequences to not maintaining boundaries in this situation
Manipulation Scenario
Patricia Wilkes works as a correctional officer at Corcoran California state prison. Corcoran is a high security institution that houses some of the most violent male offenders. Patricia has worked at the institution for four years and has encountered two attacks against her from two separate inmates over a year span. Patricia is freshly returned back to work after being off for a week due to her injuries from her latest attack. The attack involved her being pushed down by an inmate, causing a sprain arm. Feeling vulnerable Patricia became friends with an inmate who witnessed the attack and promised to issue protection if she sneaks in contraband for him. She is conflicted but, because she is afraid; she agrees to do it.
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
How to Maintain Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries (continued)
Possible Obstacles in Setting and Maintaining these Boundaries (continued)
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Ethical and Legal Consequences to not Maintaining Boundaries in this Situation (continued)
Questions
References
HCA 4303, Comparative Health Systems 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify and explain how demographics, such as age and race, impact true access to quality care.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Disparities in Health Care: Race and Age Matters
Unit Lesson
Many Americans find it difficult to even comprehend being denied access to medical care. When we are sick,
we want to see a physician, promptly receive a diagnosis, and procure the necessary treatment that will
restore us to our previous level of health. T ...
Medical Ethics Case Study Essay
Medical Ethics Essay
Essay on What is Medical Ethics?
Essay on Religion and Medical Ethics
Medical Ethical Principles
Patient-Physician Contract
Medical Ethicism
Medical Ethics
Ethics in Professional Nursing PracticeChapter 141BetseyCalderon89
Ethics in Professional
Nursing Practice
Chapter 14
1
Ethics
Ethics versus morals
Bioethics
Nursing ethics
Moral reasoning
Kohlberg
Gilligan
2
Values in Nursing
Values emphasized in the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2001)
Wholeness of character
Integrity
Basic dignity
Personal dignity
3
Ethical Theories and Approaches
Virtue ethics
Natural law theory
Deontology
Utilitarianism
Ethics of care
Ethical principlism
4
Ethical Principlism
Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
5
Professional Ethics and Codes
The Nightingale Pledge (1893)
Nursing Ethics: For Hospital and Private Use (1900)
ICN’s Code of Ethics for Nurses (1953)
ANA’s Code of Ethics for Nurses (1950)
6
ANA’s Code of Ethics for Nurses
Nine provisions with interpretive statements containing specific guidelines for clinical practice, education, research, and administration
The code is considered to be nonnegotiable in regard to nursing practice
7
Examples of Themes in the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements
Respect for autonomy
Relationships
Patients’ interests
Collaboration
Privacy
Competent practice
Accountability and delegation
Self-preservation
Environment and moral obligation
Contributions to the nursing profession
Human rights
Articulation of professional codes by organizations
The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses
Nurses have 4 fundamental responsibilities:
To promote health
To prevent illness
To restore health
To alleviate suffering
9
Common Themes of ANA
and ICN Codes
Focus on the importance of nurses delivering compassionate patient care aimed at alleviating suffering; patient is the central focus of nurses’ work.
Applies to all nurses in all settings and roles; nonnegotiable ethical nursing standards with a focus on social values, people, relationships, and professional ideals.
Share values of respect, privacy, equality, and advocacy.
Both codes illustrate idea of nurses’ moral self-respect.
10
Ethical Analysis and Decision Making in Nursing
Ethical dilemmas and conflicts
Moral suffering
Team approach
Case-based approach using 4 topics method
Medical indications
Patient preferences
Quality of life
Contextual features
11
Medical Indications
What is the patient’s medical problem? History? Diagnosis? Prognosis?
Is the problem acute? Chronic? Critical? Emergent? Reversible?
What are the goals of treatment?
What are the probabilities of success?
What are the plans in case of therapeutic failure?
In sum, how can this patient be benefited by medical and nursing care, and how can harm be avoided?
12
Patient Preferences
Is the patient mentally capable and legally competent? Is there evidence of incapacity?
If competent, what is the patient stating about preferences for treatment?
Has the patient been informed of benefits and risks, understood this information, and given consent?
If incapacitated, who is the appropriate surrogate? Is the surrogate using appropriate standards for decision making?
Has the pat ...
Resources for Week 2 HLTH440 from M.U.S.E. My Unique Student Expe.docxronak56
Resources for Week 2 HLTH440 from: M.U.S.E. My Unique Student Experience Registered Trademark CEC 2013. All Rights Reserved.
The Basis for Health Care Ethics
What is Ethics?Ethics is what you believe is right or wrong. It is a moral philosophy that seeks to help the individual distinguish between good and bad as defined by one's culture. Ethics guides individuals and groups in their decisions about health care and other matters. Ethics helps the individual and group set boundaries.
Health care ethics is based on the law, professional codes of ethics, standards of care, and institutional policies and practices (corporate law).
Codes of EthicsCodes of ethics or codes of conduct are lists of standards or guides that provide an ethical framework for practice within a profession. Physicians are bound by the Hippocratic oath, but nursing has its own code of ethics. All health professions have a code of ethics.
It is axiomatic that the practice of health care presents moral and ethical dilemmas, because it deals with human beings and life-altering circumstances.
Health care financing presents broader moral dilemmas in the allocation of scarce resources. The conflict exists between the inherent values, duties, and obligations in caring for patients and the availability of resources to treat them.
The depth or content of a code of ethics is dependent on the type of contact that the health care professional has with a patient.
Ethical Theories
A number of ethical frameworks or theories are used to make decisions in health care and, in general, to set boundaries for expected behavior. The theories are used to determine what is fair or unfair. The following are several ethical frameworks:
Normative ethics: The ethical theory that describes how things ought to be.
Teleological theory: Also known as consequentialist theory, which believes that the best action in any situation is the one that promotes the greatest happiness for the largest number of people. In health care financing, this would fall under the rubric of cost containment by calculating the net benefits verses the consequences.
Utilitarianism: This is Mill’s definition of morality, which is the practical ethics of judgment: What is the greatest good that will benefit the greatest number of people? Medicare falls under this rubric.
Deontological theory: What one should or must do based on the obligations and duties of one’s life. This theory focuses on means, whereas teleological theory focuses on ends.
Virtue ethics: This is the ethics of care as a part of virtue ethics; virtue ethics is a form of normative ethics, which emphasizes the character of the interaction between the health care provider and the patient. This is the opposite of the emphasis on rules or consequences in other moral theories. Health care virtues include compassion, conscientiousness, cooperativeness, discernment, honesty, trustworthiness, truth telling, integrity, kindness, respect, and commitment.
Situational ...
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Medical Research: conflicts between autonomy and beneficence/non maleficence, euthanasia, informed consent, confidentiality, criticisms of orthodox medical ethics
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdf
Behind Bars - The Challenges of Providing Inmate Healthcare
1. Running head: CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING INMATE HEALTH CARE 1
Behind Bars: The Challenges of Providing Inmate Health Care
Jennifer Cook
University of North Alabama
October 20, 2014
Author Note
This paper was prepared for NU 200 – Introduction to Professional Nursing, Section P1,
taught by Professor Lynn Underwood, RN, MSN, PhD-c.
2. CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING INMATE HEALTH CARE 2
Behind Bars: The Challenges of Providing Inmate Health Care
The Challenges of Providing Inmate Health Care
Lyn White once said, “The greatest ethical test that we're ever going to face is the
treatment of those who are at our mercy” (Chandler, 2007). Now, that is a powerful statement.
Inmates are completely at the mercy of their caregivers and other employees of the facility in
which they are housed. Although many people believe that inmates are not worthy of equal
medical treatment, nurses have an ethical and moral responsibility to provide care based on
health care standards. However, sometimes this proves to be a difficult task. Due to the daily
challenges in a correctional facility, correctional nurses face an array of ethical dilemmas
including inmate rights, patient advocacy, and forensic testing.
Inmate Rights
First and foremost, inmates do have rights. They are entitled to the same basic human
rights as everyone else. Sadly, this does not always happen when one is incarcerated.
Auspiciously, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an organization that strives to
protect inmate’s rights. Their mission is dedicated to ensuring that our nation’s prisons, jails, and
other places of detention comply with the Constitution, domestic law, and international human
rights principles, and to ending the policies that have given the United States the highest
incarceration rate in the world (Baldwin, 2014). The right to health care privacy is one patient
right the ACLU fights to protect. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA) of 1996 is the key federal law that shapes the legal environment underlying health
information-sharing in correctional contexts (Goldstein, 2012). Retaining medical privacy in a
correctional setting is a unique issue due to the significant presence of a correctional officer
(chaperone) in some instances. When a chaperone is warranted, it is virtually impossible for a
3. CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING INMATE HEALTH CARE 3
nurse to maintain the patient’s confidentiality. Although HIPAA laws apply to persons
incarcerated, there are fortunately some permitted disclosures of protected health information
(PHI). According to Bednar (2003), PHI may be disclosed in this environment if such protected
health information is necessary for: the provision of health care to such individuals, the health
and safety of such individual or other inmates, and the health and safety of officers or employees
or others at the correctional institution. In addition to HIPAA requirements, the 8th Amendment
of the United States Constitution applies to inmates, as well. This amendment was proven in the
Estelle v Gamble case of 1976. This case was and still is the backbone of health care standards in
correctional facilities. The court concluded, “Deliberate indifference” amounts to the
"unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain'” proscribed by the Eighth Amendment (as cited in
Global Health and Human Rights Database, 2014). Inmates have the right to fair and timely
medical treatment. They do not have to be subjected to lack of medical treatment that will cause
them undue harm or pain just because they are incarcerated.
Patient Advocacy
Patient advocacy is yet another area of ethical concern that correctional nurses face on a
daily basis. Hunger strikes and caring are both issues that are part of the nurse-patient
relationship in the correctional setting. Hunger strikes are relatively common in these facilities;
however, more times than not, the inmate stops the strike before any harm is done. As a nurse, it
is hard to watch an inmate that is using a hunger strike as a protest because he or she knows the
harm it can cause. Unfortunately, nurse or not, there is not a great deal that can be done to stop it
from happening. The reason it cannot be stopped is because every patient, including an inmate,
has the right to refuse medical treatment. According to Kanaboshi (2014), advance directives are
one way to solve the ethical issue of hunger strikes. With an advance directive, the striker’s wish
4. CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING INMATE HEALTH CARE 4
is clearly and voluntarily articulated. On the other hand, if there is not an advance directive in
existence and it is in the inmate’s best interests to feed him or her, health care providers can feed
the inmate until he or she regains competence (p. 133). Further, caring about a patient in these
facilities can sometimes be a daunting task. Watson (2009) asserted, consistent with the wisdom
and vision of Florence Nightingale, nursing is a lifetime journey of caring, and healing, seeking
to understand and preserve the wholeness of human existence, and to offer compassionate,
informed knowledgeable human caring to society and humankind (p. 479). It is difficult for a
correctional nurse to provide compassion to the inmates because many correctional officers do
not believe that an inmate deserves compassion. This mentality puts a strain on the nurse-officer
relationship, and it puts the nurse trying to care for the inmate in another ethical dilemma.
Forensics
Forensics, such as collecting DNA and body cavity searches, are further ethical dilemmas
for a correctional nurse. Health care personnel are often asked to perform these duties in a
correctional facility. However, according to the National Commission on Correctional Health
Care (NCCHC) (2010), the standards hold that health services staff are typically prohibited from
participating in the collection of forensic information because of professional and ethical
conflicts. These rules make it easier for the nurse to argue the point with the correctional staff
without jeopardizing their relationship with them. However, the nurse needs to realize that safety
comes first and health care second in these facilities.
Conclusion
Ultimately, it is the nurse’s responsibility, regardless of the challenges, to make the
correct ethical and moral decisions in regard to the inmate’s health care. Linda Fisher Thornton
said, “Face the complexity involved in making ethical choices” (Chandler, 2007). There will
5. CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING INMATE HEALTH CARE 5
always be opposition from correctional staff in a correctional facility due to the sheer nature of
the business. It does not mean that the nurse has to sacrifice making the right ethical choice when
it comes to providing care for the inmate/s. All individuals deserve to be treated with respect,
dignity, and compassion regardless of their lifestyle or individual values (Williams & Heavey,
2014).
6. CHALLENGES OF PROVIDING INMATE HEALTH CARE 6
References
Baldwin, R. (2014). Prisoners’ Rights. Retrieved from http://www.aclu.org/prisoners-rights
Bednar, A. L. (2003). HIPAA's impact on prisoners' rights to health care. Retrieved from
http://https://www.law.uh.edu/healthlaw/perspectives/
Chandler, O. (2007, January). Good reads. Retrieved from
http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/ethics-and-moral-philosophy
Estelle v Gamble, 429 U.S. 97 (1976).
Global Health and Human Rights Database. (2014). Estelle v Gamble. Retrieved from
http://http://www.globalhealthrights.org/health-topics/health-care-and-health-
services/estelle-v-gamble/
Goldstein, M. M. (2012, April). Health information privacy in the correctional environment.
Retrieved from http://www.cochs.org/clone-challenges-bringing-health-connectivity-jails
Kanaboshi, N. (2014). Prison inmates' right to hunger strike: Its use and its limits under the U.S.
Constitution. Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications), 39(2), 121-139.
doi:10.1177/0734016814529964
National Commission on Correctional Health Care. (2010). Forensic information. Retrieved
from http://http://www.ncchc.org/spotlight-on-the-standards-24-2
Watson, J. (2009). Caring science and human caring theory: Transforming personal and
professional practices of nursing and health care. Journal of Health and Human Services
Administration, 31(4), 466-482. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25790743
Williams, T., & Heavey, E. (2014). How to meet the challenges of correctional nursing. Nursing,
44(1), 51-54. doi:10.1097/01.NURSE.0000438716.50840.04