Background: Hospice care provides better quality of life compared with usual care, and focuses on caring, rather than curing. Many factors facing cancer patients at the last days of life prevent them from enrollment in hospice. Purpose:to identify the barriers associated with hospice under enrollment for terminally ill cancer patients. Methodology: an integrative literature review design was utilized, CINAHL, and PubMed were accessed by using key words (hospice, barriers, and cancer patients), and after applying inclusion criteria 8 articles were considered to meet the purpose of this review. Findings: through reviewing literatures,15% of hospice patients dis enrolled from hospice due to long-stay hospitalization, hospital death, & higher medicare expenditure with in sufficient insurance coverage (financial burden), and some other factors may contribute in under enrollment in hospice such as knowledge deficiency with misconception of hospice terminology and scope,mistrust of health care professionals, death timing, and some policies may create a barrier and restrict access to care for hospice. Conclusion:factors that may be associated with under enrollment of terminally ill cancer patients in hospice were lack of knowledge and misperception of hospice scope, emotional, physical and financial burden toward patient and family, death timing and bad quality of care
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy and practice of hospice care and palliative care, including common myths and misconceptions, common diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Conversations About Financial Issues in Routine Oncology Practices: A Multice...Melissa Paige
"We performed qualitative thematic analysis of 529 unique patient encounters from two National Cancer Institue-designated cancer centers and an academic-led county safety-net hospital that were audio recorded prospectively during a three-site communication study"
The goal of this webinar was to help healthcare professionals improve care coordination for patients with advanced illness and to reduce hospital readmissions and length of stay.
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy and practice of hospice care and palliative care, including common myths and misconceptions, common diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Conversations About Financial Issues in Routine Oncology Practices: A Multice...Melissa Paige
"We performed qualitative thematic analysis of 529 unique patient encounters from two National Cancer Institue-designated cancer centers and an academic-led county safety-net hospital that were audio recorded prospectively during a three-site communication study"
The goal of this webinar was to help healthcare professionals improve care coordination for patients with advanced illness and to reduce hospital readmissions and length of stay.
The goal of this webinar is to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
The FDA plans to prioritize improvements in the quality of demographic subgroup data collection, reporting and analysis, encourages greater participation of diverse patients, and supports the transparency of subgroup data. To this end, ways to recruit, engage, educate, and study those of diverse backgrounds to alopecia areata trials will be discussed.
The goal of this webinar was to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Homeopathy and integrative medicine: keeping an open mindhome
Some physicians have incorporated some forms
of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or
related medicinal products in their clinical practices, suggesting
that an unconventional treatment approach might
be seen as an integration rather than as an alternative to
standard medical practice. Among the various CAMs,
homeopathy enjoys growing popularity with the lay population,
but it is not acknowledged by academia or included
in medical guidelines. The major problem is to establish
the effectiveness of this clinical approach using the strict
criteria of evidence-based medicine. This issue of the
Journal of Medicine and the Person collects contributions
from some of the most prestigious centers and research
groups working in the field of homeopathy and integrative
medicine. These contributions are not specialized information
but are of general interest, focusing on this discipline
as one of the emerging fields of personalized medical
treatment.
Differences between family/primary care/acute care nurse practitionersRicky Phan
This presentation discusses the differences between family/primary care/acute care nurse practitioners. It will help readers understand more about the definition of nurse practitioner, independent practices and skill training among nurse practitioners. The novice nurse practitioners should know the above information and LACE to avoid legal ramifications.
Health System and Beneficiary Costs Associated With Intensive End-of-Life Med...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Given the low income of many elderly patients in the United States, the financial consequences of medically intensive services may be substantial. Costs of medically intensive services at the end of life, including patient financial consequences, should be considered by both physicians and families.
A disproportionate share of medical spending is provided to patients in their last year of life. Much of that difference is no doubt because of unavoidable costs of serious illness. However, for patients with cancer, it is often possible to predict when intensive medical services have lost much of their potential benefit. For that reason, the National Academy of Medicine and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend a reduction in use of intensive medical services at the end of life, noting it is at odds with the focus on palliation and reduction in patient suffering that should characterize health care at this time.
Barriers to Access Quality Healthcare Services among Physically Challenged Pe...Premier Publishers
Despite the increase in the number of health services provided and Kenya’s commitment to equal access to quality healthcare for all by the year 2030, the physically challenged persons still find difficulty in accessing health services for reasons attributable to health care related factors. This study targeted the physically challenged persons in Gem Sub-county, Kenya. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select 108 people with physical disability. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Descriptive data were summarized in tables and charts while x2 test was used to detect the relationship between relevant variables (α= 0.05). This study confirmed that environmental accessibility of the hospitals, their location and infrastructure leading to the hospitals greatly influence ability of people with physical disabilities to access quality healthcare(p<0.05). All the healthcare facilities were not adequately equipped to handle people with disabilities. The healthcare system-related factors had influence negatively on access of quality care to the physically handicapped persons in Gem sub County.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. Kritsonis has served as an elementary school teacher, elementary and middle school principal, superintendent of schools, director of student teaching and field experiences, professor, author, consultant, and journal editor. Dr. Kritsonis has considerable experience in chairing PhD dissertations and master thesis and has supervised practicums for teacher candidates, curriculum supervisors, central office personnel, principals, and superintendents. He also has experience in teaching in doctoral and masters programs in elementary and secondary education as well as educational leadership and supervision. He has earned the rank as professor at three universities in two states, including successful post-tenure reviews.
Levels of Utilization and Socio - Economic Factors Influencing Adherence to U...inventionjournals
The paper intends to assess the level of utilization and socio-economic factors influencing adherence to utilization of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Dodoma Municipality and Kongwa District in Tanzania. Documentary review, interview and Focus Group Discussion were used in collecting data. A total of 140 respondents (99 PLWHIV/AIDS and 41 key informants) from four hospitals, two health centers and one dispensary were selected and interviewed as representatives for the purpose of this study. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 16 software. The study revealed 100% of PLWHIV/AIDS used ART drugs in Dodoma General Hospital, Kongwa Hospital, Mkoka Health Center and Makole Health Center while 40% in St. Gemma Hospital. Also the study indicated there were high dropout from utilization of ART drugs among PLWHIV/AIDS, 60% in Mirembe hospital, (50%) in Mkoka health center and (44%) in St. Gemma hospital as compared to the rest health centers and hospitals. The drop out caused by ART drugs side effects such as vomiting (25.1%), frequently sickness (19.9%) and decrease in CD 4 (11.2%). Lastly the study revealed four main socio-economic factors influencing adherence to utilization of ART services among PLHIV/AIDS including lack of employment support (66.7 %,) lack of confidentiality (50 %,) patient’s preference to traditional medicines (30%) and cultural belief (29.3%). The study recommends all PLWHIV/AIDS with side effects should report their cases to health centers and hospitals because not all side effects require a change of drugs or discontinuation, PLWHIV/AIDS should be assisted by Government and Non-Government Organizations and family members to secure soft loans that will enable them to establish income generation activities, education on patients confidentiality should be provided to services providers in hospitals and health centers
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
The FDA plans to prioritize improvements in the quality of demographic subgroup data collection, reporting and analysis, encourages greater participation of diverse patients, and supports the transparency of subgroup data. To this end, ways to recruit, engage, educate, and study those of diverse backgrounds to alopecia areata trials will be discussed.
The goal of this webinar was to help hospice and healthcare professionals understand the history, philosophy, and practice of hospice and palliative care, including common misconceptions, typical diagnoses for hospice referrals, identification of hospice-eligible patients, reimbursement for hospice services, and the
benefits of advance care planning and early referrals.
Homeopathy and integrative medicine: keeping an open mindhome
Some physicians have incorporated some forms
of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or
related medicinal products in their clinical practices, suggesting
that an unconventional treatment approach might
be seen as an integration rather than as an alternative to
standard medical practice. Among the various CAMs,
homeopathy enjoys growing popularity with the lay population,
but it is not acknowledged by academia or included
in medical guidelines. The major problem is to establish
the effectiveness of this clinical approach using the strict
criteria of evidence-based medicine. This issue of the
Journal of Medicine and the Person collects contributions
from some of the most prestigious centers and research
groups working in the field of homeopathy and integrative
medicine. These contributions are not specialized information
but are of general interest, focusing on this discipline
as one of the emerging fields of personalized medical
treatment.
Differences between family/primary care/acute care nurse practitionersRicky Phan
This presentation discusses the differences between family/primary care/acute care nurse practitioners. It will help readers understand more about the definition of nurse practitioner, independent practices and skill training among nurse practitioners. The novice nurse practitioners should know the above information and LACE to avoid legal ramifications.
Health System and Beneficiary Costs Associated With Intensive End-of-Life Med...Δρ. Γιώργος K. Κασάπης
Given the low income of many elderly patients in the United States, the financial consequences of medically intensive services may be substantial. Costs of medically intensive services at the end of life, including patient financial consequences, should be considered by both physicians and families.
A disproportionate share of medical spending is provided to patients in their last year of life. Much of that difference is no doubt because of unavoidable costs of serious illness. However, for patients with cancer, it is often possible to predict when intensive medical services have lost much of their potential benefit. For that reason, the National Academy of Medicine and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommend a reduction in use of intensive medical services at the end of life, noting it is at odds with the focus on palliation and reduction in patient suffering that should characterize health care at this time.
Barriers to Access Quality Healthcare Services among Physically Challenged Pe...Premier Publishers
Despite the increase in the number of health services provided and Kenya’s commitment to equal access to quality healthcare for all by the year 2030, the physically challenged persons still find difficulty in accessing health services for reasons attributable to health care related factors. This study targeted the physically challenged persons in Gem Sub-county, Kenya. Stratified and systematic random sampling was used to select 108 people with physical disability. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Descriptive data were summarized in tables and charts while x2 test was used to detect the relationship between relevant variables (α= 0.05). This study confirmed that environmental accessibility of the hospitals, their location and infrastructure leading to the hospitals greatly influence ability of people with physical disabilities to access quality healthcare(p<0.05). All the healthcare facilities were not adequately equipped to handle people with disabilities. The healthcare system-related factors had influence negatively on access of quality care to the physically handicapped persons in Gem sub County.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982). Dr. Kritsonis has served as an elementary school teacher, elementary and middle school principal, superintendent of schools, director of student teaching and field experiences, professor, author, consultant, and journal editor. Dr. Kritsonis has considerable experience in chairing PhD dissertations and master thesis and has supervised practicums for teacher candidates, curriculum supervisors, central office personnel, principals, and superintendents. He also has experience in teaching in doctoral and masters programs in elementary and secondary education as well as educational leadership and supervision. He has earned the rank as professor at three universities in two states, including successful post-tenure reviews.
Levels of Utilization and Socio - Economic Factors Influencing Adherence to U...inventionjournals
The paper intends to assess the level of utilization and socio-economic factors influencing adherence to utilization of Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART) for People Living with HIV/AIDS in Dodoma Municipality and Kongwa District in Tanzania. Documentary review, interview and Focus Group Discussion were used in collecting data. A total of 140 respondents (99 PLWHIV/AIDS and 41 key informants) from four hospitals, two health centers and one dispensary were selected and interviewed as representatives for the purpose of this study. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 16 software. The study revealed 100% of PLWHIV/AIDS used ART drugs in Dodoma General Hospital, Kongwa Hospital, Mkoka Health Center and Makole Health Center while 40% in St. Gemma Hospital. Also the study indicated there were high dropout from utilization of ART drugs among PLWHIV/AIDS, 60% in Mirembe hospital, (50%) in Mkoka health center and (44%) in St. Gemma hospital as compared to the rest health centers and hospitals. The drop out caused by ART drugs side effects such as vomiting (25.1%), frequently sickness (19.9%) and decrease in CD 4 (11.2%). Lastly the study revealed four main socio-economic factors influencing adherence to utilization of ART services among PLHIV/AIDS including lack of employment support (66.7 %,) lack of confidentiality (50 %,) patient’s preference to traditional medicines (30%) and cultural belief (29.3%). The study recommends all PLWHIV/AIDS with side effects should report their cases to health centers and hospitals because not all side effects require a change of drugs or discontinuation, PLWHIV/AIDS should be assisted by Government and Non-Government Organizations and family members to secure soft loans that will enable them to establish income generation activities, education on patients confidentiality should be provided to services providers in hospitals and health centers
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
State Tested Nursing Aides’Provision of End-of-LifeCare in.docxdessiechisomjj4
State Tested Nursing Aides’
Provision of End-of-Life
Care in Nursing Homes
Implications for Quality Improvement
Emma Nochomovitz, MPH
Maryjo Prince-Paul, PhD, APRN, AHPCN, FPCN
Mary Dolansky, PhD, RN
Mendel E. Singer, PhD
Peter DeGolia, MD, CMD
Scott H. Frank, MD, MS
v An increasing prevalence in deaths occurring
within nursing homes has led to a growing
concern surrounding quality issues in end-of-life
(EOL) nursing home care. In addition, prior
research has failed to emphasize the importance
of state tested nursing aides (STNAs) in
providing this type of care. The purpose of this
study was to examine quality issues in EOL
nursing home care within the context of STNAs’
comfort in providing this care. A convenience
sample of 108 STNAs from four nursing homes
in the Cleveland, Ohio area used PDAs to
provide answers to an audio questionnaire.
Questions included emergent themes from the
literature pertaining to EOL care in nursing
homes, as well as materials from a national
education initiative to improve palliative care.
Findings demonstrated lack of comfort in
discussing death with nursing home residents
and their families and insufficient knowledge
surrounding EOL decisions and certain types
of EOL care. Overall, the level of comfort
providing EOL care was found to be associated
with STNAs’ perceived importance of EOL
care, understanding of hospice, and spiritual
well-being.
JOURNAL OF HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE NURSING v Vol. 12, No. 4, July/August 2010 255
Author Affiliations: Emma Nochomovitz, MPH, is
Research Analyst, National Quality Forum,
Washington, DC and Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH.
Maryjo Prince-Paul, PhD, APRN, AHPCN, FPCN,
is Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of
Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Mary Dolansky, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor,
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Mendel E. Singer, PhD, is Associate Professor,
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Peter DeGolia, MD, CMD, is Director, Center for
Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Case
Medical Center and Associate Professor, Family
Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of
Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
Scott H. Frank, MD, MS, is Director, Master of
Public Health Program, Department of Epidemiology
and Biostatistics, Department of Family Medicine,
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Address correspondence to Emma Nochomovitz,
MPH, National Quality Forum, 601 13th St
NW, Suite 500 North Washington, DC 20005
([email protected]).
K E Y W O R D S
end-of-life care
hospice
nursing aides
nursing home
I
n recent years, the growth of the older segment of
the population and the prevalence of chronic illness
have led to increased institutionalization of the frail
and elderly prior to their deaths. In particular, nursing
homes have been identified as a place in which end-of-
life .
Recommendations for end-of-life care in the intensive care uni.docxdanas19
Recommendations for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit:
The Ethics Committee of the Society of Critical Care Medicine
Robert D. Truog, MD; Alexandra F. M. Cist, MD; Sharon E. Brackett, RN, BSN; Jeffrey P. Burns, MD;
Martha A. Q. Curley, RN, PhD, CCNS, FAAN; Marion Danis, MD; Michael A. DeVita, MD;
Stanley H. Rosenbaum, MD; David M. Rothenberg, MD; Charles L. Sprung, MD; Sally A. Webb, MD;
Ginger S. Wlody, RN, EdD, FCCM; William E. Hurford, MD
KEY WORDS: palliative care; intensive care; end-of-life care
T hese recommendations are in-tended to provide informationand advice for clinicians whodeliver end-of-life care in in-
tensive care units (ICUs). The number of
deaths that occur in the ICU after the
withdrawal of life support is increasing,
with one recent survey finding that 90%
of patients who die in ICUs now do so
after a decision to limit therapy (1). Al-
though there is significant variability in
the frequency of withdrawal of life sup-
port both within countries (2) and among
cultures (3), the general trend is interna-
tional in scope (4). Nevertheless, most
evidence indicates that patients and fam-
ilies remain dissatisfied with the care
they receive once a decision has been
made to withdraw life support (5). Al-
though intensive care clinicians tradi-
tionally have seen their goals as curing
disease and restoring health and func-
tion, these goals must now expand when
necessary to also include assuring pa-
tients of a “good death.” Just as develop-
ments in knowledge and technology have
dramatically enhanced our ability to re-
store patients to health, similar develop-
ments now make it possible for almost all
patients to have a death that is dignified
and free from pain.
The management of patients at the
end of life can be divided into two phases.
The first concerns the process of shared
decision-making that leads from the pur-
suit of cure or recovery to the pursuit of
comfort and freedom from pain. The sec-
ond concerns the actions that are taken
once this shift in goals has been made
and focuses on both the humanistic and
technical skills that must be enlisted to
ensure that the needs of the patient and
family are met. Although both of these
issues are critically important in end-of-
life care, the decision-making process is
not unique to the ICU environment and
has been addressed by others (6 –11).
These recommendations, therefore, do
not deal primarily with the process that
leads to the decision to forego life-
prolonging treatments but rather focus
on the implementation of that decision,
with particular emphasis on the ICU en-
vironment.
This division of the process into two
phases is necessarily somewhat artificial.
Patients and families do not suddenly
switch from the hope for survival and
cure to the acceptance of death and pur-
suit of comfort. This process happens
gradually over varying periods of time
ranging from hours to weeks. Similarly,
the forgoing of life-sustaining treatments
rarely happens all at onc.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
Research Paper For this assignment, write about a hazardous mate.docxdebishakespeare
Research Paper
For this assignment, write about a hazardous materials incident or an environmental health and safety (EHS) project that involves a material(s) with a hazard(s) that falls under the hazard classification that we have studied so far (water/air reactive, corrosive, or toxic). The incident or project could be one that you have researched or been involved with.
Your essay must include the following:
summary of the project or incident,
identification of the hazardous material(s) involved and hazardous classification,
discussion of chemical properties and interactions relevant to the incident/project,
any short or long-term mitigation implemented, and
conclusion (your professional opinion on the project/incident).
Your response must be at least 400 words in length. You are required to use at least two references, including your textbook for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced. Paraphrased and/or quoted materials must have accompanying citations in APA format.
State Tested Nursing Aides’
Provision of End-of-Life
Care in Nursing Homes
Implications for Quality Improvement
Emma Nochomovitz, MPH
Maryjo Prince-Paul, PhD, APRN, AHPCN, FPCN
Mary Dolansky, PhD, RN
Mendel E. Singer, PhD
Peter DeGolia, MD, CMD
Scott H. Frank, MD, MS
v An increasing prevalence in deaths occurring
within nursing homes has led to a growing
concern surrounding quality issues in end-of-life
(EOL) nursing home care. In addition, prior
research has failed to emphasize the importance
of state tested nursing aides (STNAs) in
providing this type of care. The purpose of this
study was to examine quality issues in EOL
nursing home care within the context of STNAs’
comfort in providing this care. A convenience
sample of 108 STNAs from four nursing homes
in the Cleveland, Ohio area used PDAs to
provide answers to an audio questionnaire.
Questions included emergent themes from the
literature pertaining to EOL care in nursing
homes, as well as materials from a national
education initiative to improve palliative care.
Findings demonstrated lack of comfort in
discussing death with nursing home residents
and their families and insufficient knowledge
surrounding EOL decisions and certain types
of EOL care. Overall, the level of comfort
providing EOL care was found to be associated
with STNAs’ perceived importance of EOL
care, understanding of hospice, and spiritual
well-being.
JOURNAL OF HOSPICE AND PALLIATIVE NURSING v Vol. 12, No. 4, July/August 2010 255
Author Affiliations: Emma Nochomovitz, MPH, is
Research Analyst, National Quality Forum,
Washington, DC and Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH.
Maryjo Prince-Paul, PhD, APRN, AHPCN, FPCN,
is Assistant Professor, Frances Payne Bolton School of
Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Mary Dolansky, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor,
Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
Mendel E. Singer, PhD, ...
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities - A Proposed Care Model v2zq
Multiple Chemical Sensitivities - A Proposed Care Model - Resources for Healthy Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/254613963 - Gardening with Volcanic Rock Dust www.scribd.com/doc/254613846 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/254613765 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/254613694 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/254613619 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/254613553 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/254613494 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/254613410 - Free Organic Gardening Publications www.scribd.com/doc/254609890 ~
n Pursuit of High-Value HealthcareThe Case for Improving Qu.docxrosemarybdodson23141
n Pursuit of High-Value Healthcare:
The Case for Improving Quality and
Achieving Equity in a Time of Healthcare
Transformation
JOSEPH R . BETANCOURT
S U M M A R Y • The passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
and current efforts in payment reform signal the beginning of a significant
transformation for the US healthcare system. As we embark on this transfor-
mation, disparities have emerged as the hallmark of low-value healthcare—care
that does not meet quality standards, is inefficient, and is usually of high cost.
A new set of structures is being developed to facilitate increased access to care
that is cost-effective and high in quality—otherwise known as high-value health-
care. Addressing disparities and achieving equity are the perfect target areas for
recouping value, and doing so will pave the way for high-value healthcare.
As healthcare leaders make difficult choices, they should consider the
realities of healthcare equity. Eirst, racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare
persist and are a clear sign of poor-quality, low-value healthcare. Second, the
root causes of these disparities are complex, but a well-developed set of evi-
dence-based approaches is available to help leaders address healthcare ineq-
uity. Third, evidence suggests that being inattentive to the root causes of dis-
parities adversely affects efficiency and an organization's bottom line. Einally, if
healthcare organizations are progressive, thoughtful, and prepared for success
in such an environment, a new healthcare system that offers accessible, high-
value, equitable, culturally competent, and high-quality care to all is well within
reach.
Joseph R. Betancourt, MD, is director of the Disparities
Solution
s Center and of Mul-
ticultural Education for Massachusetts General Hospital, both in Boston. He also is
a cofounder of Quality Interactions Inc., located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
i 6 • F R O N T I E R S O F H E A L T H S E R V I C E S M A N A G E M E N T 3 0 : 3
INTRODUCTION
The passage of the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act (ACA) and current
efforts in payment reform signal the
beginning of a significant transformation
for the US healthcare system. A new set
of structures is being developed to facili-
tate increased access to care that is cost-
effective and high in quality—otherwise
known as high-value healthcare. Pursuing
high-value healthcare is the ultimate goal,
and healthcare leaders across the country
are faced with the daunting challenge of
succeeding—perhaps just surviving—in
this brave new world (Böhmer 2011).
In the area of quality, we are not with-
out a basic blueprint, however. Cuided
by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report
Crossing the Quality Chasm (Corrigan,
Donaldson, and Kohn 2001), we have
charted a path to deliver care that is safe,
efficient, effective, timely, patient centered,
and equitable. Significant gains have been
made in this effort, particularly in the area
of patient safety (Hosford 200.
Stigma and Family reaction among Caregivers of Persons Living with Cancerinventionjournals
Cancer stigma refers to a negative or undesirable perception of a person affected by cancer. Stigma can be internal—it can affect self-perception of survivors, causing guilt, blame or shame. It can also be enacted, causing discrimination, loss of employment or income, or social isolation. It can come from misinformation, lack of awareness and deeply-engrained myth.The present study consisted of 300 caregivers of persons with cancer was selected based on simple random sampling, and with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Those patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and attending both outpatient and inpatient services of cancer specialty hospital in KIDWAI Bangalore, Karnataka were selected randomly. The data was collected from the patients & caregivers of persons living with cancer who fulfill the inclusion/exclusion criteria were taken up for the study after their consent. Semi structured interview schedule were used to understand the stigma and family reaction. The interviews and the instruments were administered by research experts.
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
―Youth grows pale and spectre thin and dies‖ – John Keats, (Ode to Nightingale) Tuberculosis was one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented diseases of all times. Hailed as Consumption’s Poster Child, Keats' life, like Beethoven's, served as a pattern tor the Romantic artist. In acute distress and emotional turmoil, in 1819 masterpiece followed masterpiece. In Keats' poems we see a concreteness of description of the object he contemplates. All the senses - tactile gustatory, kinetic, organic, as well as visual and auditory combine to give the total apprehension of his experience. His experiences often accord closely with his personal, life and the disasters he had. Keats is austere in poetry and yet he keeps high colouring and variety of appeal to the senses and the mind. Tuberculosis remains with us today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where more than a million people die of this disease each year. It is worth recalling its history and its association with literature with special reference to John Keats and his poetry- and specially La Belle Dame Sans Merci that shows a dominant forebrooding over man's mortality from it. La Belle becomes a representation of the disease in Keats’s La Belle Dame Sans Merci and reflects the poet’s struggle with tuberculosis.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Pesse Na Siri’ Budgetary System: A Historiography Study of Luwu Kingdom in Is...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the budgetary system of pesse na siri’ at Luwu kingdom in the Islamic period of 1593 to 1945. Through the historiography method, it showed the base existence of the spiritual sense sensitivity, i.e., pesse (empathy) and siri’ (shame) and Islamic law in budgetary system. In the resources management, it was carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. Operationally, the pesse na siri’ budgetary system on the mobilization mechanism of resources or budget (balanca) through the top down system (i.e., known as balanca pole riwawo) and bottom up system (i.e., known as balanca pole riawa). The top down system was a mobilization resource form from agricultural products of the king’s land (i.e., known in Buginese language as Tanana datue) and the palace logistic. Meanwhile, the bottom up came from the resource offer–i.e., known as makkasiwiyang–mechanism, consisting of makkasiwiyang lili’ (the lower government level), makkasiwiyang ale (personal/individual), and makkasiwiyang reso (labor). One of the Islamic impacts in this system was to direct the budgetary system based on the Shari’a or Islamic law.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Steganographic Technique Using Instant Messaging Conversation DynamicsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Steganography is considered to be not only the science but also the art of hiding secret messages into other innocuous and non-secret media of different types. History of steganography started with the history of civilization and algorithms of data hiding have been constantly developed with the rise of mankind's knowledge. Some of steganographic algorithms are so close connected to the use of digital media, computers and information technology, that those algorithms do not have analogy in non-digital world. It is possible to see the use of hard disk drives (HDD), solid state discs (SSD) and file systems for the purpose of steganography, or steganography in TCP/IP networks as the example. In this paper we are concentrating on such algorithm and we are examining the possibility of the use of dynamics of conversation realized with the use of instant messaging services, which are very popular standalone services or are part of widely used social networks like Facebook. The paper discusses the possibility of hidden message encoding by the use of different parameters of conversation dynamics and introduces new algorithm and its program implementation. The last part of the paper summarizes results of its experimental use.
Simple Obfuscation Tool for Software ProtectionQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the issue of source code obfuscation and also the creation of a tool for automatic obfuscation of source code written in C language. The result is a tool that performs both data flow and control flow obfuscation and allows the user to configure the applied transformation algorithm. For easier and better usability the tool provides a graphical user interface, which brings possibility to control and configure transformation process.
Block Hybrid Method for the Solution of General Second Order Ordinary Differe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: We consider the construction of block hybrid method for the solution of general second order ODEs. Derivation of the method was based on the use of hermite polynomial as basis function. The main method and its additional equations are obtained from the same continuous formulation via interpolation and collocation procedures. The method is then applied in block form as simultaneous numerical integrator, this approach eliminates requirement for starting values, and it also reduces computational effort. The stability properties of the method is discussed and the stability region shown. Two numerical experiments were given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Modeling – Based Instructional Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving Ability...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The modeling-based instructional framework accommodates the physics modeling mechanism in which the learner apply the fundamental principles in physics and develop an idealized physics model of the real world situation by means of assumptions and approximations. The present study was intended to find out the effectiveness of Modeling-based instructional strategy for enhancing physics problem solving ability of students at secondary school level. The investigator adopted a quasi-experimental method with two group pretest post-test design for the study. The sample selected for the study consisted of 242 IX standard students from three different schools of Palakkad district. The tools used for collecting the data were the Problem Solving Ability Test in Physics, lesson designs based on Modeling-based instructional strategy and activity oriented method. The findings of the study concluded that the Modeling-based instructional strategy enhanced the problem solving ability of students of secondary school level. And also the strategy scaffolded the formation of mental models of problem representations with in the cognitive structure of the learner.
Exploring the Effectiveness of the Arabic LanguageTeaching Methods in Indones...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research work is to identify the effectiveness of the Arabic language teaching methods in Indonesia(National University of Malang for Sample)in terms of making use of Arabic as a medium of communication among the students in the light of the modern approaches in teaching and learning of Arabic language. This research is methodologically characterized as a descriptive, analytical, evaluative and field research work. In order to arrive at the purpose of this study, a questionnaire has been designed and carried out on a specimen from the teachers of the concerned university. Eventually, the study has arrived into a finding that the method used in the university is the Eclectic Method (i.e. Selective Method), except that translation is utilized extensively with it, and it might influentially cause the depreciation of the communication skill of the students, and the major intermediary language for the Arabic language teaching is the Indonesian language. However, its uncontrolled over-usage in the Arabic language teaching procedure may negatively cause the weakness of the students in the listening and speaking skills, since they could not get enough opportunity to practice them during language learning, in addition to the fact that the teachers might be employed as Arabic language teachers on the basis of their high conversance with the grammatical rules of Arabic language and not on their skills in the Arabic language communication medium.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
ABSTRACT: The purpose of Larkin as literary artist was to convey his ultimate message that man has to transcend the gross environment for the attainment for final goal. His poem opens with important question which prompt us to scrutinize ourselves. According to Philip Larkin “when you come to talk about once duty as writer then ones can say that his duty is to write for harmony”. In this paper there an urge in Larkin’s poem to attain transcendental knowledge by which everything is known. The meaningful change in environment through literature result from the development of qualities and attitude that foster constructive pattern of human interaction through literature. In an age of highly industrialized and mechanized structure of our society where we have 'given our hearts away a sordid boon' and where all spiritual values have been thrown overboard, the relevance of selecting this topic "Spiritual Quest in Philip Larkin" becomes important. In Larkin's poetry there is invariably, an element of spiritual crises, a note of subsequent struggle to step out of it. This inner conflict to proceed forward in the path of Divine realization lends magnificence to his poetic and spiritual personality.
The Influence of Religiosity on Marital Satisfaction and Stability AmongChris...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Various studies indicate that religious couples are more likely to enjoy stable and happy marriages. They are also less likely to experience conflict and violence, or to divorce perhaps because religion offers couples theologically grounded guidelines on how to handle marital conflicts when they arise. The present qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with nine participants in Kenya who had been identified as practicing Christians. The aim of the study was to explore how religiosity impacted the participant’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that specific attributes related to religiosity like individual and partner prayer, reading the Bible, church attendance, impacted participants and their spouses lives positively and in turn their experiences in marriage. Engaging in religious practices was reported by the participants as eliciting qualities like perseverance, forgiveness and humility which in turn assisted them in keeping their marriages stable and thus resulting in marital satisfaction
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Down the Purgatory of Memories:The Pain of Remembering in M alayalam Naxal Ci...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Keralam, the southern most state in India is known for its cinema and politics. It is in Kerala that Communist Party came to power through Parliamentary election process for the first time in history. The political consciousness nurtured by the Communist movement found its reflections in Malayalam (language being spoken by the people of Keralam) Cinema as well. As a result films produced during the formative years of Malayalam Cinema were characterized by their political content. Having said this it should also be added that since those films are produced within the dominant production system with a view to garner profit they fail to politically stimulate the audience. But the situation had been changed after the Naxalite (radical left movement ideologically inclined to Maoism) uprising in 1969 during which both the feudal/bourgeois value orientations and the alleged degeneration of the Communist Party were challenged by the educated radical youths who fought for an immediate revolution. The state promptly intervened and contained Naxalite uprising with an iron fist. The repressive machinery of the state intervened whenever instances of resistance occurred. The Emergency declared in 1975 exposed the inhuman face of government that unleashed series of tortures against its citizens. The post -1980 political films, otherwise called as Naxalite films, try to recapture the tormenting experience of being political during the time of such mass oppression. Those movies resort to memory to expose the stark experience of the past.Remembering is a way of representing the past with all its nuances as it situates the remembering subject at close proximity with the past. At the same time Naxalite movies explored the possibility of forgetting also to unveil the subtle complexities of individual's relationship with the past. Here I consider two Malayalam films-AmmaAriyan(1986) directed by John Abraham and Margam (2003) directed by Rajeev Vijayaraghavan- to investigate how memory and oblivion are meticulously used by the filmic narratives to politicize a society already under the grip of political amnesia.
Professional Competences: An Integrative Approach for Defining The Training C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper offers an integrative proposal for Business Administrationcurricular programs. For that purpose, we have carried out a survey with teachers from upper Business Administration courses so as to select a group of key competences for the contemporary Administrator, which has allowed us to elaborate an integrative proposal of curricular program for the Business Administration scholars in Brazil. As a qualitative research, it consists of a multiple case study with empirical approach and a triangular analysis based on Moraes (2014).Its main objective has been to analyze the curricular programs from five higher education institutions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two other foreign institutions in South America. At first, we have asked ourselves the following question: How to adapt the Business Administration curricular program to the contemporary needs as far as the vocational training competences of Administrators are concerned?In order to answer it, we have analyzed the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) and the Political-Educational Projects of Business Administration Courses (PPC/CSA). After that, we have compared the Curricular Components (CC) of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) under analysis. After performing the triangular textual analysis of the DCN, PPC/CSA and CC of all HEIs under study, we have carried out a survey with 35 teachers from Business Administration upper courses through a computerized online questionnaire.We have sent a Survey Monkey link for a total of 40 teachers, however, only 35 answered it (87.5%); we have considered 100% valid answers. Previously, based on the doctrine of competences and curriculum according to the most renowned authors – suchas Vygostsky, Freire, Sacristán, Piaget, Saviani, Bloom, Libâneo (curriculum); Fleury & Fleury, Zarifian, Perrenoud, Lisboa (competences), among others – wehave concluded that implementing the integrative proposal will providemore well-prepared graduates from the Business Administration course right to the competitive and globalized labor market.
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article explores collegiate Black identity development when African American students attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) in the United States, considering the overall impact of total marginality. The term “total marginality” is used to describe the myriad, chronic, and often inescapable ways that African American college students attending PWIs are marginalized in a college setting. The focus of this paper is the impact of total marginality on Black identity development for those African American collegians who successfully complete their university studies at a PWI.
Alternative dispute resolution and civil litigation barriers to access to jus...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Civil law is the predominate system of law in the world. Civil law as a legal system is often compared with common law. The main difference that is usually drawn between the two system is that common law drawn abstract rules from specific cases, whereas civil law with abstract rules which judges must then apply to the various cases before them. Civil law has its roots in Roman law, Common law and the Enlightenment, alongside influence from other religious laws such as Islamic Law. The legal system in many civil law countries are based around one or several codes of law which set out the main principles that guide the law. On the other hand, Criminal Law as offences and prescribes punishment for them. It not only precludes or prevents crimes but also punish the offender. It is necessary for the maintenance of law, order and peace within state. In criminal cases, it is the state which initiates proceeding against the offender. Laws relating to the Civil Proceeding as the Code of Civil Procedure 1908; the Civil Courts Act 1887; the Suit Valuation Act 1887; the Limitation Act 1908; the Registration Act 1908; & the Specific Relief Act 1877.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
2. Running Head: Patent Related Barriers Associated With Under Enrollment In Hospice: Areview
Corresponding Author: DrAnup. Bhaisare 68 | Page
II. METHODS
A reviewof published literatures was conducted through EBSCO host Research databases of
CINAHL,and Medlinefrom2009 - 2015. The key words that accessed to electronic data bases are: (hospice,
barriers, and cancer patients). Articles were searched via CINAHL and Medline are 12 articles with inclusion
criteria that matches: 1): research based study, 2): target populations were cancer patients, 3): adult populations
were considered, 4): written in English language, and 5): limited time between 2009- 2015.Of total 12 articles
that picked up from literatures were chosen to be of possible relevance to the review. Eight articles met the
inclusion criteria were published from 2009 to 2015, they were considered as the core of this review. The
earliest study was published in 2009, most of them were published in American Journal of Hospice and
Palliative Medicine, studies that included in this review focused on barriers associated with underutilization of
hospiceat the end of life. They were conducted in USA, African American, china, and North California.
2.1 Methodological characteristics
Eightresearches which included in this review were qualitative studies, and descriptive, which used
many models such as questionnaires and interview in order to collect information about the barriers of hospice
under enrollment.
2.2 Sample characteristics
Sample sizes in all chosen articles were varied from 20 to 591 participants, with age above19 to 85
years;all included articles discussed the barriers that had been confronted by cancer patients which might
impede their involvement in hospice services.
II. FINDINGS
Despite many benefits of hospice, the general public continues resistance for enrollment in hospice,for
several reasons or barriers; these barriers are:
2.1Lack of knowledge
Confusion about terminology and misperception of hospice care intent and scope still existed as a barrier for
hospice under enrollment. Once patient and family are not ready for hospiceand misconceivewhat hospice could
add to existing care, they would beable to care of patient at home. (vig, Starks, Taylor, Hopley, and Edwards,
2010).
Yancu and hercolleagues emphasize that physicians refuse to explainmedical condition for the patient, and wait
the family to start conversation about patient's case due to presence of different treatment approaches within the
health care system;therefore lack of discussion and recommendation might be a barrier for attending hospice
services.
2.2Burden
Hospice patients werereceiving high cost medical care such aspalliative chemotherapy,surgeries,
radiations, blood transfusions, total parenteral nutrition, and frequent intensive home visits which were required
for patients who live alonewithout caregivers at home, thereforepatients need an insurancecoverage to reimburse
these costs, and Some polices did not consider a complex needs for terminally ill cancer patients, these policies
qualify the patient to use Medicare hospice if two physicians certified that patient is terminal, and has a life
expectancy of six months or less (Melissa, Carlson, Barry, Cherlin, McCorkle, Bradley, 2012).Patient
perception that hospice care is economically motivatedmight restrict the access to care and limit enrollment in
hospices, a cumulative impact of financial resources such as lack of insurance and incomplete coverage were
central issues. (Goepp, Meykler, Nancy, Mooney, Lyon, Raso, Julliard,2008),and will negatively affect on
patient emotionally and physiologically.
2.3Death timing and peaceful death
Hospice means acknowledging dying (vig,et al, 2010), physician’s certification of terminal illness with
bad prognosislets patient and family to deny terminal diagnosis and refuse to accept that their patient will
die(Yancu, et al, 2010), patients expressdiscomfort while discussing terminality with other patients, nevertheless
they desire to continue curative care,and Waiting to hear about any other treatment options from their doctors
(vig,et al, 2010), another may have inverse preferenceto hasten death and desire for mercy killing after terminal
diagnosis.(Enguidanos,Yonashiro,and Cote, 2013).
2.4Quality of care
Mistrust of health care professionals can create a barrier to hospice referrals, in which quality of care
influenced onpatient's perception for best care location (Jenkins, et al, 2011).Carlson and her colleagues in their
study displayed that more than 15% of hospice patients were unenrolled in hospice related to hospitalization,
hospital death, and higher medicare expenditure, it might be a marker to poor quality of care at the end of life.
3. Running Head: Patent Related Barriers Associated With Under Enrollment In Hospice: Areview
Corresponding Author: DrAnup. Bhaisare 69 | Page
2.4Cultural, and religious factors
Personal and cultural values may conflict with hospice philosophy;dissonance arose in cultural or
religious perspective between patients and health care providers which might affect negatively on patient
enrollment in hospice. (Goepp,et al, 2008).Jenkins and his colleaguesclarify that most patients and families have
religious beliefs and they are reluctant to have strangers in their homes.Use of hospice requires ultimate trust,
when African Americans exposed to historical discrimination, they mistrusted of medical systemand refused to
have care from white health care workers in one's home, (Yancu, et al, 2010). In the study that was conducted in
2009 by Mellesa and her colleagues hospice disenrollment was higher in non-white patients when compared
with white non-Hispanic patients.
III. CONCLUSION
This review provides significant insight into factors that may be associated with under enrollment of
terminally ill cancer patients inhospice caresuch as lack of knowledge and misperception of hospice scope,
emotional, physical and financial burden toward patient and family, death timing andpeaceful death,mistrust of
health care professionals and bad quality of care,all these cumulative events are considered as strong barriers for
underuse of hospice care.We have to know that hospice knowledge whichmightacquired from care givers not
only increases the access to hospice enrollment, but also influences the hospice service utilization after
enrollment.
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Some policieswould be adjustedto enroll these groups of patients in a nonprofit hospice organizationsto
geta complete insurance coverage to meet a complex needs.Many hospice staffs must betrained and educated to
increase the awareness toward conception and benefits of hospice services.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many thanks to my great Doctor Nijmeh Al-Atiyyat, she always extremely supports me not merely
in my Academic side but also in all aspects of my life, her efforts are highly appreciated.
I would like to thank the cooperative colleague's members and their helpful inputs that greatly improved this
work. Lastly, Thanks to my family for their supports, including my husband for all his support and love, I
couldn’t have done it without him.
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