The document discusses Behavior Driven Development (BDD) and how it can be used with the Laravel framework. BDD is an extension of test-driven development that uses concrete examples to close communication gaps between stakeholders. It involves three steps - discovery, formulation, and automation. Discovery gathers requirements through workshops. Formulation documents these in feature files using a natural language syntax. Automation implements the features through testing frameworks like Behat. The document provides examples of how to set up BDD with Laravel projects using Behat and write feature tests with Gherkin syntax.

1. Behavior Driven
Development and
Laravel
1

2. About Me
• Marcus Moore
• San Diego, CA
• Diego Dev Group
• San Diego PHP User Group co-organizer
2

3. Overview
• My history with Behavior Driven Development
• Behavior Driven Development
• Behavior Driven Development and Laravel
3

4. My History with BDD
• When I worked at a small school
• Gathering requirements was easy!
4

5. My History with BDD
• Working for an agency...
• Requirement gathering got harder...
• Many clients with many communication styles
• "Who has solved this?"
5

6. Behavior Driven Development
• Extension of Test Driven Development (TDD)
• BDD works closely with Unit Testing
• BDD is not about testing
• Helps you build the right thing
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7. Communication is hard
• Ambiguities arise
• Assumptions are made
• Rework becomes inevitable
7

8. BDD's Goals
• Close communication gap between all stakeholders using
real examples
• Establish a shared understanding of the desired outcome
• Eliminate "rework"
8

9. Three Steps
1. Discovery
2. Formulation
3. Automation
9

10. Discovery
• Most important part!
• Enables stakeholders to have focused conversations
• Fills knowledge gaps
• Develops an understanding of how the software should
function using real examples
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11. Methods of Discovery
• Discovery Workshops
• Example Mapping
• Event Storming
• etc...
11

12. Discovery Workshops
• AKA the Three Amigos
• Short and frequent meetings
• Different people with different perspectives
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13. Three Amigos
1. Business Person (Product Owner)
• Determines "what"
• Expresses the user stories
2. Developer
• Determines "how"
• Looks for details and potential roadblocks
3. Quality Assurance
• Come up with the "what if's"
• Tries to determine what will break
13

14. Discovery Results
• Complete shared understanding
• Concrete examples
14

15. Formulation
• Documentation of the concrete examples
• Written in natural language syntax
• Readable by humans and software
• .feature files
• Gherkin
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16. Gherkin
• Tells the Story via a narrative
• Easy for non-technical people to read
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17. Feature: Requesting rides
As a verified user
I want to request a ride
So that I can get to my destination on time
Rule: Unverified users cannot request rides
Rule: User cannot request ride for more than 5 people
Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
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18. Given - Set the state of the world
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
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19. When - Interact with the application
When I request a ride for 4 people
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20. Then - Check the outcome of the interaction
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
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21. Feature: Requesting rides
As a verified user
I want to request a ride
So that I can get to my destination on time
Rule: Unverified users cannot request rides
Rule: User cannot request ride for more than 5 people
Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
21

22. Formulation Results
• Common terminology solidified
• Shared understanding is documented in feature files
• New people can understand the application
22

23. Automation
• Start to implement the features with BDD and TDD
• Double-Loop Workflow
• Implement the features with Behat
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24. Behat
• The go-to BDD Framework for PHP
• Implementation of Cucumber
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25. Laravel and Behat
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26. Installation and Setup
• Install via Composer
• vendor/bin/behat !"init
• Add your feature files to /features
• vendor/bin/behat !"append-snippets
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27. Feature: Requesting rides
As a verified user
I want to request a ride
So that I can get to my destination on time
Rule: Unverified users cannot request rides
Rule: User cannot request ride for more than 5 people
Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
27

28. /**
* @Given I am a verified user
"#
public function iAmAVerifiedUser()
{
throw new PendingException();
}
28

29. /**
* @Given I am a verified user
"#
public function iAmAVerifiedUser()
{
$this"$actingUser = factory(User"%class)
"$state('verified')
"$create();
$this"$userLocation = [
'latitude' "& '32.7',
'longitude' "& '-117.1',
];
}
29

30. class FeatureContext implements Context
{
public function !"construct()
{
}
}
30

31. class BaseContext extends TestCase implements Context
{
use CreatesApplication;
public function !"construct()
{
putenv('APP_ENV=testing');
parent!#!"construct();
$this!$setUp();
$this!$withoutExceptionHandling();
}
/** @BeforeScenario !%
public function before(BeforeScenarioScope $scope)
{
$this!$artisan('migrate:fresh');
}
}
31

32. /**
* @Given I am a verified user
"#
public function iAmAVerifiedUser()
{
$this"$actingUser = factory(User"%class)
"$state('verified')
"$create();
$this"$userLocation = [
'latitude' "& '32.7',
'longitude' "& '-117.1',
];
}
32

33. /**
* @And there is a van with :arg1 seats nearby
!"
public function thereIsAVanWithSeatsNearby($arg1)
{
throw new PendingException();
}
33

34. And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
34

35. /**
* @And there is a van with :arg1 seats nearby
!"
public function thereIsAVanWithSeatsNearby($arg1)
{
throw new PendingException();
}
35

36. /**
* @And there is a van with :numberOfSeats seats nearby
!"
public function thereIsAVanWithSeatsNearby($numberOfSeats)
{
$this!#createVan($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 3);
}
36

37. /**
* @And there is a car with :numberOfSeats seats next to me
!"
public function thereIsACarWithSeatsNextToMe($numberOfSeats)
{
$this!#createCar($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 1);
}
37

38. $this!"createVan($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 3);
$this!"createCar($numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser = 1);
38

39. Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a van with 5 seats nearby
And there is a car with 3 seats next to me
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
39

40. Scenario: A user requests a ride for 4 people
Given I am a verified user
And there is a "van" with "5" seats "nearby"
And there is a "car" with "3" seats "next to me"
When I request a ride for 4 people
Then I should see I am being connected to the van
40

41. /**
* @Given there is a :arg1 with :arg2 seats :arg3
!"
public function thereIsAWithSeats($arg1, $arg2, $arg3)
{
throw new PendingException();
}
41

42. /**
* @Given there is a :typeOfVehicle with :numberOfSeats seats :distanceFromUser
!"
public function thereIsAWithSeatsNearby($typeOfVehicle, $numberOfSeats, $distanceFromUser)
{
$distance = 3;
if ($distanceFromUser !!# 'next to me') {
$distance = 1;
}
$this!$vehicles[$typeOfVehicle] = $this!$createVehicle($typeOfVehicle, $numberOfSeats, $distance);
}
42

43. /**
* @When I request a ride for :numberOfPeople people
!"
public function iRequestARideForPeople($numberOfPeople)
{
$this!#response = $this!#actingAs($this!#actingUser)
!#json(
'POST',
'/api/get-ride',
[
'location' !% $this!#userLocation,
'number_of_seats' !% $numberOfPeople
]
);
}
43

44. !" Controller does some work to match user and driver
!" Good time to TDD a service!
return response()!#json([
'message' !$ $closestVehicle!#driver . ' will pick you up soon!',
]);
44

45. /**
* @Then I should see I am being connected to the van
!"
public function iShouldSeeIAmBeingConnectedToTheVan()
{
$messageFromResponse = $this!#response!#decodeResponseJson('message');
$nameOfVanDriver = $this!#vehicles['van']['driver'];
$this!#assertTrue(Str!$contains($messageFromResponse, $nameOfVanDriver));
}
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46. Repeat the cycle for the rest of the scenarios...
46

47. Also... Mink
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48. Automation Results
• Real-world examples drove the development of the
application
• The application is tested on multiple levels
48

49. So...
1. Discovery
2. Formulation
3. Automation
4.
! "
49

50. Thank you
• bit.ly/laracon-au-bdd
• twitter.com/marcusamoore
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