The document describes different types of fouls in basketball: - Charging occurs when an offensive player pushes or runs over a defensive player and results in the ball going to the defending team. - Blocking is illegal contact from a defender who does not establish proper position to prevent a drive to the basket. - A flagrant foul involves violent contact like hitting, kicking or punching and results in free throws and retained possession for the offense. - An intentional foul is physical contact made without attempting to steal the ball, leaving it up to officials' judgment.

2. • Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or
runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was
committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not
establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting,
kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the
offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another
player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for
the officials.
Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or
runs over a defensive player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was
committed upon.
Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not
establishing position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting,
kicking, and punching. This type of foul results in free throws plus the
offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another
player with no reasonable effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for
the officials.

3. In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface,
consisting of a rectangular floor with tiles at either end.
In professional or organized basketball, especially when
played indoors, it is usually made out of a wood,
often maple, and highly polished. Outdoor surfaces are
generally made from standard paving materials such
as concrete or asphalt.

4. 3 Person Mechanics
Objectives for Using 3-Person
Remember To Officiate!
Officiate Your Primary!
Trust Your Partners!

5. L
T
C
Primary Coverage Areas- basic

6. L
T
C
Primary Coverage Areas- LEAD
LEAD SHOULD:
Start wide
Close Down
Not be afraid to rotate
Rotate based on post play
Not stop in the lane
During rotation, look for the 1st
competitive match up, not the
ball
After rotation, stay in your new
primary

7. L
T
C
Primary Coverage Areas- CENTER
CENTER SHOULD:
Be Active…with “Wide Eyes”
Be prepared to call your side of the
lane
Stay with the drive all the way to the
basket
Not give up a play or player until
picked up by one of your partners
Not back out on rebound…stay put

8. Looking for Angles Spaces
Three person requires you to work for “good looks.”
Particularly as C and T you must
move to get a good angle- but-
movement is mostly parallel to
sideline rather than toward the
center of the floor as in 2-
person
Officials must not get lazy and
allow themselves to get
straight lined….looking at a
play through the offensive
player’s backside!

9. L
T
C
Play situation:
X
Trust Your Partner!
See the WHOLE play!
This is Center’s call

10. L
T
C
Play situation:
X
See the WHOLE play!
Double Whistle is Good
T & L have dual coverage
Trail should have this call

11. Table
L
T
C
Coverage on fast breaks/transition
L
T
In transition, the Center official
can extend their vision across
the court between the 3-point
arcs

12. • Opposite is responsible for last second shot
• T and/or C are responsible for bringing in
substitutes…(all of us are ultimately
responsible)
• When the ball is in your primary…take the
drive all the way to the basket
• Lead officals must learn to trust their Center
official on weak side plays
• “Active Lead…Strong Center and Trail”

13. Table
L
T
C
L
T
Foul- Front Court- Lead- Stays in front court

14. Table
T
C
L
Foul- Front Court- Center - Stays in front court
C
T
This works for
situations where there
will be a free-
throw…the Trail is at
the 28’ line, not half-
court
What if the ball is to be
taken out of bounds? Lead
goes to ball side which forces
Center back to Trail.

15. Table
C
L
Foul- Front Court- Lead – Goes to back court
T
L
T

16. Table
C
L
Foul- Front Court- Center – Goes to back court
T
L
T
C

17. Table
C
L
Foul- Front Court- Trail – Goes to back court
T L
T

18. Table
C
L
Foul- Front Court- Trail Opposite – Goes to back court
T
L
T

19. Table
L
Foul- Front Court- Lead Opposite – Goes to back court
TLT
C