The document outlines various aspects of sample design in research methodology, including its definition, characteristics, and types such as probability and non-probability sampling. It emphasizes the importance of a representative sample and details steps for establishing an effective sample design. Additionally, it highlights sampling methods like simple random, stratified, and judgmental sampling, along with their applications.

1. Basic Research Methodology , Stats, Tools and Analysis
VFP001
Jaya Upraity
Masters of Vocational Studies
in
Food Preservation and Processing

2. Index
• Introduction to sample design
• Characteristics of a good sample design
• Types of sample design
• Steps in sample design
• Reference

3. DETERMINING SAMPLE DESIGN
What is Sample Design…..?
• A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given
population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher
would adopt in selecting items for the sample.
• According to Croach and Houdsen , sample is a limited number taken from a
large group for testing and analysis , sample can be taken as representative for
thewholegroup.

4. Characteristics Of A Good Sample Design
• Sample design must result in a truly representative sample
• Sample design must be such which results in a small sampling error
• Sample design must be viable in the context of funds available for the research study
• Sampledesign should be such that the results of the sample study can be applied, in general, for
the universe with a reasonable level of confidence.

5. Types of sample design
On the basis of element selection :-
• Restricted
It occurs when elements are chosen using a specific methodology
as in probability using specific methodology as in probability
sampling.
• Unrestricted
It occurs when elements are selected individually and directly
from population .

7. Types of Sample Design
On the basis of representation :-
• Probability Sampling Design
• Each element/respondent has a known probability of being included
in the sample.
• Non-probability Sampling Design
• Each element/respondent in the population is not given equal chance
of selection.

9. Probability Sampling Designs:
• Simple Random Sampling
• Each and every element/respondent in the population is given equal chance of selection.
I. Draw a lottery :- In this method name / number assigned to each member of population
is written in a slip and mixed in a lottery box. Now the researcher has to draw the
desired number of slips from the box.
II. Random number table :- In this method each element of population is assigned with a
number and all the numbers are arranged in a table. Now the researcher can start from
any point in the table and select the desired number of sample.

10. • Systematic Sampling
• The selection of sample starts by picking some random point in the list
and then every nth element is selected until the desired number is secured.
• Stratified Sampling
The population is stratified into a number of non-overlapping subpopulations or
strata and sample items are selected from each stratum.

11. Continue…
I. Proportionate Stratified Sampling :-
• Selects the number of elements from each stratum so that the stratum sample
size ( n1, n2, n3…………….n) is proportional to their respective stratum
population size (N1, N2, N3………….N).
ii. Disproportionate Stratified Sampling:-
• Selects the number of elements from each stratum so that stratum sample
size is not proportional to stratum population size.

12. • Cluster Sampling and Area Sampling
• It involves grouping the population and then selecting the groups or the
clusters rather than individual elements for inclusion in the same.
• Area Sampling : Total geographical area is divided into a number of smaller
non-overlapping areas, generally called geographical clusters, then a number
of these smaller areas randomly selected and all elements in these small
areas are included in the sample.

14. Non Probability Sampling Designs: (Deliberate or Purposive Sampling)
• Convenience Sampling
• When elements/respondents in the population/universe are selected for inclusion in
the sample based on the ease of the access.It is called Convenience sampling.
• Snowball Sampling
• In this type of sampling,the investigator encourages therespondents togive names of
other acquaintances andit continues growinginsize andchains until the research
purpose isachieved.

15. • Judgmental Sampling
• The researcher’s judgment is used for selecting items which he/she considers as representative
of the population. This sampling is used quite frequently in Qualitative Research where the
desire happens to be to develop hypotheses rather than to generalise to larger population.
• Quota Sampling
• When The researcher or interviewer are simply given quota to be filled from different strata,
rather then selecting elements from each stratum based on simple random is known as Quota
sampling. The size of the quota for each stratum is generally proportionate to the size of the
stratum in the population. It generally happens to be judgment sampling rather than random
sampling.

16. Steps in Sample Design:
o Defining population
o Deciding whether to take census of sample
o Construction of sampling frame
o Deciding whether to use probability or non- probability sampling method
o Selection of sampling method

17. Reference
• https://bujhansi.ac.in/econtent/pages/shortcodes/ithm/Marketing
%20Research%20-%20Unit%202.pdf
• https://limbd.org/sampling-design-types-of-sampling-design-adv
antages-of-probability-sampling-disadvantages-of-probability-sa
mpling/
• https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/9654/1/Unit-4.pdf