The document discusses key pharmaceutical concepts including: 1) Brand name refers to the trade name given by the manufacturer to distinguish their products, while generic name refers to the official medical name for the active ingredient. 2) Other concepts discussed include dosage form, strength, cost of goods sold (COGS), trade price (TP), pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and peak plasma concentration (Cmax). 3) Key pharmacokinetic concepts explained are plasma half life, area under the curve (AUC), minimum effective concentration (MEC), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and first pass effect.

1. Hamza Hemal
Radiant Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

2. Brand Name
•Trade name
•Given by the Manufacturer company
•To distinguish products from each other.
Example:
ACOS (Radiant)
ZIMAX ( Square)

3. Generic Name
Official medical name for the active
ingredient of the medicine.
Example:
Azithromycin
Esomeprazole
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4. API
• Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
• Any component that provides
pharmacological activity
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5. Dosage Form
• A dosage form is the physical form in
which a drug is produced and dispensed.
• Example:
– Tablet,
– Capsule,
– PFS (Powder for Suspension)
– Injection
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6. Strength
Amount of the active ingredient is present in
each dosage.
Example:
500mg Tablet
200mg/5ml PFS
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7. Brand Name
Strength
Generic Name
Dosage
Form
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8. COGS
• Cost of Goods sold
• Raw material + Packaging Material + Utility cost
+ Per head cost
TP
•Trade Price
•COGS + Profit
Invoice Price
TP+ VAT
MRP
Maximum Retail Price
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TP+ VAT+ Chemist Profit

9. Pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
Pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
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10. Bioavailability
• Amount of drug that present in blood after
administration.
• INTRAVENOUS Route- Bioavaiability 100%
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11. Peak Plasma concentration, Cmax
The maximum plasma concentration of the drug
achieved in blood after a dose
Tmax
The time when the
maximum plasma
concentration (Cmax) is
reached.
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12. Plasma half life/
Elimination Half Life, T1/2
Time necessary for the drug to be reduced to
half of its plasma concentration
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
T1/2

13. Area Under the Curve (AUC)
The area under the plot of plasma concentration of
drug against time after drug administration.

14. MEC
• Minimum Effective Concentration
• The smallest concentration of a drug that will
induce the desired pharmacological effect
MIC
• Minimum inhibitory concentration
• MIC is defined as the minimum
concentration of antibiotic which will inhibit
the growth of the microorganism
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15. Hamza

16. First pass effect/ First pass metabolism
The removal of a drug by the liver, before the
drug has become available for use, is called
the first pass effect.
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17. Efficacy
Power or capacity to produce a desired effect
Potency
Amount of drug required to produce a particular
response
Affinity:
Tendency of a drug to combine with receptor
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18. Therapeutic dose
The dose that may be required to produce a
desired effect.
Sub Therapeutic dose
Indicating a dosage of a drug, less than the amount
required for a therapeutic effect.
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19. Bacteriostatic
Antibiotics that inhibit the growth or reproduction of
bacteria
Bactericidal
Antibiotic that kills the
bacteria
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20. Hamza