this presentation was get in basic of a led of recent trends in a market...

1. LIGHTLIGHT
EMITTINGEMITTING
DIODESDIODES
MATHAN KUMAR.BE
OXFORD ENGINEERING COLLEGE
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2.  WHAT IS LED???
 TRENDS ON LED???
 WHAT THE USE OF LED???
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3. 3
• A light emitting diode (LED) is essentially a PN junction opto-
semiconductor that emits a monochromatic (single color) light
when operated in a forward biased direction.
• LEDs convert electrical energy into light energy.
About LEDs (1/2)

4. ABOUT LEDS (2/2)ABOUT LEDS (2/2)
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• The most important part of a light emitting diode (LED) is the
semi-conductor chip located in the center of the bulb as shown at
the right.
• The chip has two regions separated by a junction.
• The junction acts as a barrier to the flow of electrons between the
p and the n regions.

5. MAJOR USESMAJOR USES
•
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6. HOW DOES A LED WORK? (1/2)HOW DOES A LED WORK? (1/2)
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• When sufficient voltage is applied to the chip
across the leads of the LED, electrons can move
easily in only one direction across the junction
between the p and n regions.
• When a voltage is applied and the current starts
to flow, electrons in the n region have sufficient
energy to move across the junction into the p
region.

7. HOW DOES A LED WORK? (2/2)HOW DOES A LED WORK? (2/2)
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• Each time an electron recombines with a
positive charge, electric potential energy is
converted into electromagnetic energy.
• For each recombination of a negative and a
positive charge, a quantum of
electromagnetic energy is emitted in the
form of a photon of light with a frequency
characteristic of the semi-conductor
material

8. LEDLED
• LED are semi conductor device that emit light when
a electric current passes through them
• The benefit are efficiency between compare with
CFL
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10. HHowow MMuchuch Energy Does an LED Emit?Energy Does an LED Emit?
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• The energy (E) of the light emitted by an LED is
related to the electric charge (q) of an electron and
the voltage (V) required to light the LED by the
expression: E = qV Joules.
• This expression simply says that the voltage is
proportional to the electric energy
• The constant q is the electric charge of a single
electron, -1.6 x 10-19
Coulomb.

11. Finding the Energy from the VoltageFinding the Energy from the Voltage
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• Let us say that you have a red LED, and the voltage measured between
the leads of is 1.71 Volts. So the Energy required to light the LED is
E = qV or E = -1.6 x 10-19
(1.71) Joule,
• since a Coulomb-Volt is a Joule. The Product of these of numbers then
gives
E = 2.74 x 10-19
Joule.

12. Life timeLife time
 Led-50,000 hours
 Incedent-1000-2000 hours
 CFL-5000-10000 hurs
 LED comes wide are of applicable .it can assemble
 Sensor
 Wirelesscommunicatin
 Embedded……….
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13. ApplicationsApplications
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• Sensor Applications
• Mobile Applications
• Sign Applications
• Automative Uses
• LED Signals
• Illuminations
• Indicators

14. SENSOR APPLİCATİONSSENSOR APPLİCATİONS
• Medical Instrumentation
• Bar Code Readers
• Color & Money Sensors
• Encoders
• Optical Switches
• Fiber Optic Communication
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15. MOBİLE APPLİCATİONSMOBİLE APPLİCATİONS
• Mobile Phone
• PDA's
• Digital Cameras
• Lap Tops
• General Backlighting
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16. MARKET OF LEDMARKET OF LED
 INDIA BIGGEST LIGHTING MARKET
 SKILLED LABUR
 SUSTANABLE ENVIRMENT
 IMARC GROUP
 US$ .7 BILLION IN 2016
 CAGR
 17.5 pc during 2009-2017
 26.6pc during 2017-2023
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17. SİGNAL APPİCATİONSSİGNAL APPİCATİONS
• Traffic
• Rail
• Aviation
• Tower Lights
• Runway Lights
• Emergency/Police Vehicle Lighting
LEDs offer enormous benefits over traditional incandescent
lamps
including:
• Energy savings (up to 85% less power than incandescent)
• Reduction in maintenance costs
• Increased visibility in daylight and adverse weather
conditions
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18. MATERIAL MARKET LEDMATERIAL MARKET LED
AROUND THE GLOBEAROUND THE GLOBE
ASIA Largest market LED
NORTH AMERICA
EURBE
AFRICA,SOUTH AFRICA
EXAMPLE
GaAS,GaP,GaAsPGaAS,GaP,GaAsP
China Is a biggest marketChina Is a biggest market
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19. LED Chips MarketLED Chips Market
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20. Illumination (1/2)Illumination (1/2)
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Architectural Lighting
Signage (Channel Letters)
Machine Vision
Retail Displays
Emergency Lighting (Exit Signs)
Neon Replacement
Bulb Replacements
Flashlights
Outdoor Accent Lighting - Pathway, Marker Lights

21. INDİCATİONINDİCATİON
 Household appliances
 VCR/ DVD/ Stereo and other audio and video devices
 Toys/Games
 Instrumentation
 Security Equipment
 Switches
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22. ESTABLISHED INDIAESTABLISHED INDIA
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23. LED COMPANYLED COMPANY
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24. MARKET AT GLANCEMARKET AT GLANCE
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25. Colours of LEDs (1/3)Colours of LEDs (1/3)
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• LEDs are available in red, orange, amber, yellow, green, blue and white.
• LEDs are made from gallium-based
crystals that contain one or more
additional materials such as phosphorous
to produce a distinct color.
• Different LED chip technologies emit
light in specific regions of the visible
light spectrum and produce different
intensity levels.

26. Colours of LEDs (2/3)Colours of LEDs (2/3)
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Tri-colour LEDs
•The most popular type of tri-colour LED has a red and a green LED
combined in one package with three leads..
•There are different lengths of the three leads.

27. Colours of LEDs (3/3)Colours of LEDs (3/3)
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Bi-colour LEDs
•A bi-colour LED has two LEDs wired in
'inverse parallel‘ combined in one package with
two leads.
•Only one of the LEDs can be lit at one time
and they are less useful than the tri-colour
LEDs described above.

28. GSTGST
•Boon (or) Bane
• Unidefind market across country
• To avoid logistcs cost
• GST will improve a effect
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29. LED Performance (1/8)LED Performance (1/8)
• Color
• White light
• Intensity
• Eye safety information
• Visibility
• Operating Life
• Voltage/Design Current
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LED performance is based on a few primary characteristics:

30. LED Performance (2/8)LED Performance (2/8)
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Colour
•Peak wavelength is a function of the LED chip material. Although
process variations are ±10 NM, the 565 to 600 NM wavelength
spectral regions is where the sensitivity level of the human eye is
highest. Therefore, it is easier to perceive color variations in yellow
and amber LEDs than other colors.

31. LED PERFORMANCE (3/8)LED PERFORMANCE (3/8)
White Light
• When light from all parts of the visible spectrum overlap one
another, the additive mixture of colors appears white.
• Primary colors from the upper, middle, and lower parts of the
spectrum (red, green, and blue), when combined, appear white.
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32. LED PERFORMANCE (4/8)LED PERFORMANCE (4/8)
Intensity
• LED light output varies with the type of chip, encapsulation,
efficiency of individual wafer lots and other variables.
• Several LED manufacturers use terms such as "super-bright," and
"ultra-bright“ to describe LED intensity.
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33. LED PERFORMANCE (5/8)LED PERFORMANCE (5/8)
Eye Safety
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• The need to place eye safety labeling on LED products is
dependent upon the product design and the application.
• Only a few LEDs produce sufficient intensity to require eye
safety labeling.

34. LED PERFORMANCE (6/8)LED PERFORMANCE (6/8)
Visibility
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• Luminous intensity does not represent the total light output from
an LED. Both the luminous intensity and the spatial radiation
pattern must be taken into account

35. LED PERFORMANCE (7/8)LED PERFORMANCE (7/8)
Operating Life
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• LEDs are designed to operate upwards of 100,000 hours at 25°C
ambient temperature.
• When the LED degrades to half of its original intensity after
100,000 hours it is at the end of its useful life although the LED will
continue to operate as output diminishes.

36. LED PERFORMANCE (8/8)LED PERFORMANCE (8/8)
Voltage/Design Current
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• LEDs are current-driven devices, not voltage driven. Although drive
current and light output are directly related, exceeding the maximum
current rating will produce excessive heat within the LED chip due to
excessive power dissipation. The result will be reduced light output
and reduced operating life.
• LEDs that are designed to operate at a specific voltage contain a built-
in current-limiting resistor. Additional circuitry may include a
protection diode for AC operation or full-bridge rectifier for bipolar
operation. The operating current for a particular voltage is designed to
maintain LED reliability over its operating life.

37. Bargraph 7-segment Starburst Dot matrix
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Some Types of LEDs

38. •ANY QURIES
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39. ::The END::
Thank you for your
Attention!