Based on the below and using the 12 categories of threats identify 3 examples you can find
online, in the media for each of the threats listed on the right column. You can use news articles
to justify the threats. Use the most current news article you can find. Add the reference link for
each article and place in APA format. Prepare a memo to your CEO with your finding. On the
same memo research current vendors that provide phishing email tools to train your employees
and provide a recommendation to the CEO about which to buy. Compare at least 2 vendors and
identify the following. Features Cost Add the Phishing Quiz Exercise discussed in class to the
bottom of your memo pages. Take the quiz and answer the below Identify which questions you
got wrong from the quiz Provide a brief explanation on why you got it wrong. What did you
learn about phishing emails and what would you recommend in order to avoid falling for a
phishing email?
Solution
1) Threat to intellectual property: Hacking , After conducting a forensic review of the drives,
Bailey(CEO of IT company) learned that intruders had been lurking on two of his company’s
servers for almost a year. These hackers, who were traced to a university in Beijing, had entered
the company’s extranet through an unpatched vulnerability in the Solaris operating system. As
far as Bailey could tell, they hadn’t accessed any classified information. But they were able to
view mountains of intellectual property, including design information and product specifications
related to transportation and communications systems, along with information belonging to the
company’s customers and partners.
Activist hackers, or hacktivists, can also be a danger to companies. For example, early last year
members of Anonymous, the hacker collective, copied and publicly released sensitive files of
H.B. Gary Federal, a security company.
Cpoyrights deviation or piracy :
Intellectual property theft involves robbing people or companies of their ideas, inventions, and
creative expressions—known as “intellectual property”—which can include everything from
trade secrets and proprietary products and parts to movies, music, and software.
It is a growing threat—especially with the rise of digital technologies and Internet file sharing
networks. And much of the theft takes place overseas, where laws are often lax and enforcement
is more difficult. All told, intellectual property theft costs U.S. businesses billions of dollars a
year and robs the nation of jobs and tax revenues.
Preventing intellectual property theft is a priority of the FBI’s criminal investigative program. It
specifically focuses on the theft of trade secrets and infringements on products that can impact
consumers’ health and safety, such as counterfeit aircraft, car, and electronic parts. Key to the
program’s success is linking the considerable resources and efforts of the private sector with law
enforcement partners on local, state, federal, and international levels.
.
What Makes Web Applications Desirable For HackersJaime Manteiga
For years’ unethical hackers have preferred Web Applications as the favorite pattern of attack. In this webinar, we will take a look inside the mind of an attacker — including uncovering their motivation and hacking techniques. Web Applications become compromised all the time; additionally, organizations seem to be repeating mistakes when it comes to application security. This webinar will serve as a baseline to establish appropriate web information security controls and mitigation strategies by thinking like an unethical hacker.
https://www.venkon.us/
Deep Learning based Threat / Intrusion detection systemAffine Analytics
The article is about a Threat/Intrusion Detection System, which could be used to detect such data leaks/breaches & take a preventive action to contain, if not stop the damage due to breach.
Organizations are increasingly looking to their Internal Auditors to provide independent assurance about cyber risks and the organization's ability to defend against cyber attacks. With information technology becoming an inherent critical success factor for every business and the emerging cyber threat landscape, every internal auditor needs to equip themselves on IT audit essentials and cyber issues.
In part 12 of our Cyber Security Series you will learn about the current cyber risks and attack methods from Richard Cascarino, including:
Where are we now and Where are we going?
Current Cyberrisks
• Data Breach and Cloud Misconfigurations
• Insecure Application User Interface (API)
• The growing impact of AI and ML
• Malware Attack
• Single factor passwords
• Insider Threat
• Shadow IT Systems
• Crime, espionage and sabotage by rogue nation-states
• IoT
• CCPA and GDPR
• Cyber attacks on utilities and public infrastructure
• Shift in attack vectors
How Can I Reduce The Risk Of A Cyber-Attack?Osei Fortune
A professional guide to reducing the risks of a cyber attack on your business. A professionally written article that would be suitable for a technical IT blog.
What Makes Web Applications Desirable For HackersJaime Manteiga
For years’ unethical hackers have preferred Web Applications as the favorite pattern of attack. In this webinar, we will take a look inside the mind of an attacker — including uncovering their motivation and hacking techniques. Web Applications become compromised all the time; additionally, organizations seem to be repeating mistakes when it comes to application security. This webinar will serve as a baseline to establish appropriate web information security controls and mitigation strategies by thinking like an unethical hacker.
https://www.venkon.us/
Deep Learning based Threat / Intrusion detection systemAffine Analytics
The article is about a Threat/Intrusion Detection System, which could be used to detect such data leaks/breaches & take a preventive action to contain, if not stop the damage due to breach.
Organizations are increasingly looking to their Internal Auditors to provide independent assurance about cyber risks and the organization's ability to defend against cyber attacks. With information technology becoming an inherent critical success factor for every business and the emerging cyber threat landscape, every internal auditor needs to equip themselves on IT audit essentials and cyber issues.
In part 12 of our Cyber Security Series you will learn about the current cyber risks and attack methods from Richard Cascarino, including:
Where are we now and Where are we going?
Current Cyberrisks
• Data Breach and Cloud Misconfigurations
• Insecure Application User Interface (API)
• The growing impact of AI and ML
• Malware Attack
• Single factor passwords
• Insider Threat
• Shadow IT Systems
• Crime, espionage and sabotage by rogue nation-states
• IoT
• CCPA and GDPR
• Cyber attacks on utilities and public infrastructure
• Shift in attack vectors
How Can I Reduce The Risk Of A Cyber-Attack?Osei Fortune
A professional guide to reducing the risks of a cyber attack on your business. A professionally written article that would be suitable for a technical IT blog.
Web application vulnerabilities involve a system flaw or weakness in a web-based application. They have been around for years, largely due to not validating or sanitizing form inputs, misconfigured web servers, and application design flaws, and they can be exploited to compromise the application's security.
Application security is the use of hardware, software and procedural methods in order to protect applications from internal or external threats. As more and more applications are becoming accessible over networks, they are being exposed to a wide variety of threats as well.
Ethical Hacking Interview Questions and Answers.pdfShivamSharma909
Ethical hacking is an exciting career opportunity for individuals with excellent problem-solving skills and a passion for information security. Ethical hackers are responsible for safeguarding the critical infrastructure of the organization. They organize penetration tests to identify the vulnerabilities and help the organization take necessary measures to prevent possible cyber-attacks. There has been an increased demand for Ethical hackers in government agencies ( military and intelligence agencies) and private organizations in recent times. To become an ethical hacker requires a sound knowledge of networking and hacking systems.
https://www.infosectrain.com/blog/ethical-hacking-interview-questions-and-answers/
PowerPoint Presentation On Ethical Hacking in Brief (Simple)Shivam Sahu
PowerPoint Presentation On Ethical Hacking in Brief (Simple) Easy To Understand for all MCA BCA Btech Mtech and all Student who want a best powerpoint or seminar presentation on Ethical Hacking
Running head Cryptography1Cryptography16.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: Cryptography 1
Cryptography 16
Cryptography
Aisha Tate
UMUC
August 29, 2019
Hi Aisha
I am puzzled – didn’t we talk about a focused report for a particular organization? Did you review the table below. Please continue to work to improve your research skills and find peer-reviewed/scholarly resources to support your work.
Best wishes,
Dr K
Student Name: Aisha Tate
Date: 18-Sep-2019
This form provides the same classroom instructions in a checklist form to help students and professors quickly evaluate a submission
Project 5: Requires the Following TWO Pieces
Areas to Improve
1. Paper
2. Lab Experience Report with Screenshots
1. Paper
IT Systems Architecture
You will provide this information in tabular format and call it the Network Security and Vulnerability Threat Table
security architecture of the organization
the cryptographic means of protecting the assets of the organization
the types of known attacks against those types of protections
means to ward off the attacks
Include and define the following components of security in the architecture of your organization, and explain if threats to these components are likely, or unlikely:
LAN security
identity management
physical security
personal security
availability
privacy
Then list the security defenses you employ in your organization to mitigate these types of attacks.
Needs better research and writing skills
Plan of Protection
Learn more about the transmission of files that do not seem suspicious but that actually have embedded malicious payload, undetectable to human hearing or vision. This type of threat can enter your organization’s networks and databases undetected through the use of steganography or data hiding. You should include this type of threat vector to an organization in your report to leadership.
No details on organization or strategy?
Provide the leadership of your organization with your plan for protecting identity, access, authorization and nonrepudiation of information transmission, storage, and usage
Data Hiding Technologies
describe to your organization the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic elements explained
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic cipher
3. One time pad cipher/Vernam cipher/perfect cipher
4. Block ciphers
5. triple DES
6. RSA
7. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
8. Symmetric encryption
9. Text block coding
Data Hiding Technologies
1. Information hiding and steganography
2. Digital watermarking
3. Masks and filtering
Network Security Vulnerability and Threat Table
Describe the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic information provided
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic ...
An assessment of UK cyber resilience across the commercial sector. The report highlights information disclosure, as used by hackers to construct attack intelligence.
Beehive: Large-Scale Log Analysis for Detecting Suspicious Activity in Enterp...EMC
This white paper presents Beehive, a novel system that attacks the problem of automatically mining and extracting knowledge from the dirty log data produced by a wide variety of security products in a large enterprise.
Application Security session given as part of the Solvay Executive Master in IT Management.
Explaining application security challenges for web, mobile, cloud and internet of things.
Positioning OWASP SAMM as structural and measurable framework to get application security under control in the complete application lifecycle.
OWASP Top 10 List Overview for Web DevelopersBenjamin Floyd
The OWASP Top 10 List was recently updated for 2013, and many developers still do not know what it is or why they should care. It is a list of the top web security threats developers need to address to produce secure websites. Most developers aren't security experts, so the OWASP Top 10 Project has created resources designed for developers to quickly test their applications. Come hear about the list, why and how you can use it to make your job easier, and learn about resources you can use to quickly determine if your applications are addressing security threats properly.
Identify five muscles of the head area that have a name that is very .pdfarri2009av
Identify five muscles of the head area that have a name that is very similar to the name of the
skull bone or bony structure the muscle is located on or attached to.
Solution
(Muscle) (Bone or the bony structure)OrbicularisOrbital
surfaceZygomaticusZygomatic boneTemporalisTemporal BoneFrontalisFrontal
BoneNasalisNasal Bone.
Identify non-neoplastic conditions effecting pregnancy. Describe STI conditions common to
females and how they are distributed.
Solution
During pregnancy, there are several non-neoplastic conditions that effect pregnancy. Some of
them are dysfunctional cysts, lesions of an ovary, tumors in breast, lymphoma, cervical cancer,
myeloma. these conditions may be benign or myeloma. the treatment depends on the condition
and effects the pregnancy.
The STI conditions that are common in women are human papillomavirus(HPV), gonorrhea,
chlamydia, and genital herpes. The HPV is the most common in women and is the main cause of
cervical cancer. This condition is distributed through direct sexual contact. Gonorrhea is
distributed through unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex. people with numerous sexual partners
or who does not have safe sex are at greater risk of the disease. Chlamydia is passed through
unprotected sex or oral sex. Genital herpes gets transmitted through the mucous membrane
which can be lining of mouth, nose, and genitals. Once the virus enters the body they start
multiplying and incorporate themselves into your body cells..
More Related Content
Similar to Based on the below and using the 12 categories of threats identify 3 .pdf
Web application vulnerabilities involve a system flaw or weakness in a web-based application. They have been around for years, largely due to not validating or sanitizing form inputs, misconfigured web servers, and application design flaws, and they can be exploited to compromise the application's security.
Application security is the use of hardware, software and procedural methods in order to protect applications from internal or external threats. As more and more applications are becoming accessible over networks, they are being exposed to a wide variety of threats as well.
Ethical Hacking Interview Questions and Answers.pdfShivamSharma909
Ethical hacking is an exciting career opportunity for individuals with excellent problem-solving skills and a passion for information security. Ethical hackers are responsible for safeguarding the critical infrastructure of the organization. They organize penetration tests to identify the vulnerabilities and help the organization take necessary measures to prevent possible cyber-attacks. There has been an increased demand for Ethical hackers in government agencies ( military and intelligence agencies) and private organizations in recent times. To become an ethical hacker requires a sound knowledge of networking and hacking systems.
https://www.infosectrain.com/blog/ethical-hacking-interview-questions-and-answers/
PowerPoint Presentation On Ethical Hacking in Brief (Simple)Shivam Sahu
PowerPoint Presentation On Ethical Hacking in Brief (Simple) Easy To Understand for all MCA BCA Btech Mtech and all Student who want a best powerpoint or seminar presentation on Ethical Hacking
Running head Cryptography1Cryptography16.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: Cryptography 1
Cryptography 16
Cryptography
Aisha Tate
UMUC
August 29, 2019
Hi Aisha
I am puzzled – didn’t we talk about a focused report for a particular organization? Did you review the table below. Please continue to work to improve your research skills and find peer-reviewed/scholarly resources to support your work.
Best wishes,
Dr K
Student Name: Aisha Tate
Date: 18-Sep-2019
This form provides the same classroom instructions in a checklist form to help students and professors quickly evaluate a submission
Project 5: Requires the Following TWO Pieces
Areas to Improve
1. Paper
2. Lab Experience Report with Screenshots
1. Paper
IT Systems Architecture
You will provide this information in tabular format and call it the Network Security and Vulnerability Threat Table
security architecture of the organization
the cryptographic means of protecting the assets of the organization
the types of known attacks against those types of protections
means to ward off the attacks
Include and define the following components of security in the architecture of your organization, and explain if threats to these components are likely, or unlikely:
LAN security
identity management
physical security
personal security
availability
privacy
Then list the security defenses you employ in your organization to mitigate these types of attacks.
Needs better research and writing skills
Plan of Protection
Learn more about the transmission of files that do not seem suspicious but that actually have embedded malicious payload, undetectable to human hearing or vision. This type of threat can enter your organization’s networks and databases undetected through the use of steganography or data hiding. You should include this type of threat vector to an organization in your report to leadership.
No details on organization or strategy?
Provide the leadership of your organization with your plan for protecting identity, access, authorization and nonrepudiation of information transmission, storage, and usage
Data Hiding Technologies
describe to your organization the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic elements explained
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic cipher
3. One time pad cipher/Vernam cipher/perfect cipher
4. Block ciphers
5. triple DES
6. RSA
7. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
8. Symmetric encryption
9. Text block coding
Data Hiding Technologies
1. Information hiding and steganography
2. Digital watermarking
3. Masks and filtering
Network Security Vulnerability and Threat Table
Describe the various cryptographic means of protecting its assets. descriptions will be included in the network security vulnerability and threat table for leadership
Basic information provided
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic ...
An assessment of UK cyber resilience across the commercial sector. The report highlights information disclosure, as used by hackers to construct attack intelligence.
Beehive: Large-Scale Log Analysis for Detecting Suspicious Activity in Enterp...EMC
This white paper presents Beehive, a novel system that attacks the problem of automatically mining and extracting knowledge from the dirty log data produced by a wide variety of security products in a large enterprise.
Application Security session given as part of the Solvay Executive Master in IT Management.
Explaining application security challenges for web, mobile, cloud and internet of things.
Positioning OWASP SAMM as structural and measurable framework to get application security under control in the complete application lifecycle.
OWASP Top 10 List Overview for Web DevelopersBenjamin Floyd
The OWASP Top 10 List was recently updated for 2013, and many developers still do not know what it is or why they should care. It is a list of the top web security threats developers need to address to produce secure websites. Most developers aren't security experts, so the OWASP Top 10 Project has created resources designed for developers to quickly test their applications. Come hear about the list, why and how you can use it to make your job easier, and learn about resources you can use to quickly determine if your applications are addressing security threats properly.
Similar to Based on the below and using the 12 categories of threats identify 3 .pdf (20)
Identify five muscles of the head area that have a name that is very .pdfarri2009av
Identify five muscles of the head area that have a name that is very similar to the name of the
skull bone or bony structure the muscle is located on or attached to.
Solution
(Muscle) (Bone or the bony structure)OrbicularisOrbital
surfaceZygomaticusZygomatic boneTemporalisTemporal BoneFrontalisFrontal
BoneNasalisNasal Bone.
Identify non-neoplastic conditions effecting pregnancy. Describe STI conditions common to
females and how they are distributed.
Solution
During pregnancy, there are several non-neoplastic conditions that effect pregnancy. Some of
them are dysfunctional cysts, lesions of an ovary, tumors in breast, lymphoma, cervical cancer,
myeloma. these conditions may be benign or myeloma. the treatment depends on the condition
and effects the pregnancy.
The STI conditions that are common in women are human papillomavirus(HPV), gonorrhea,
chlamydia, and genital herpes. The HPV is the most common in women and is the main cause of
cervical cancer. This condition is distributed through direct sexual contact. Gonorrhea is
distributed through unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex. people with numerous sexual partners
or who does not have safe sex are at greater risk of the disease. Chlamydia is passed through
unprotected sex or oral sex. Genital herpes gets transmitted through the mucous membrane
which can be lining of mouth, nose, and genitals. Once the virus enters the body they start
multiplying and incorporate themselves into your body cells..
From a mixed field, what is easier to facilitate through artificial s.pdfarri2009av
From a mixed field, what is easier to facilitate through artificial selection? Monoculture of
(dominant) round peas. Monoculture of (recessive) wrinkled peas. Both scenarios have equal
difficulty
Solution
Ans. C both scenario have equal difficulty.
Farmers and breeders allowed only the plants and animals with desirable characteristics to
reproduce, causing the evolution of farm stock. This process is called artificial selection. So to
perform this particular selection both kind of selection will face the same difficulty..
Explain how you would tell if something that looks like a leaf (flat.pdfarri2009av
Explain how you would tell if something that looks like a leaf (flat and green plant part) is infact,
developmentally, a leaf.
Thanks!
Solution
A flat borad green plant part can be called as leaf if
1: it is present laterally to the shoot apex.
2: it is developed as determinate outgrowth of the shoot apex.
3: An axillary bud is located in the axil of the green flat plant part.
4: Successive leaves follow a particular pattern of arrangement i.e. they are developed in
phyllotaxy.
5: Two most common visible structural parts of leaves as lamina and petiole. The lamina is the
broad flat part of the leaf that has veins..
Explain what a standard deviation value measures in quantitative dat.pdfarri2009av
Explain what a standard deviation value measures in quantitative data?Explain what a standard
deviation value measures in quantitative data?
Solution
Standard deviation is a measure of spread or variability of data. It is the expected difference
between a data point and the mean value of that data..
Einstein, in his famous photoelectric effect experiment demonstr.pdfarri2009av
Einstein, in his famous \"photoelectric effect experiment\" demonstrated that light can behave as
a waves. In 1924, Louis de Broglie suggested that just as light exhibits wave properties. All
microscopic material particles such as electrons, protons, atoms, molecules etc. have also dual
character. They behave as a particle as well as wave. This means that an electron which has been
regarded as a particle also behaves like a wave. The particle nature of an electron is explained by
classical mechanics. For example, electron has a mass ~ 9.1 X10*-31 kg. But the classical
mechanics fails to explain the wave nature of electron. The wave nature of electron is explained
by quantum mechanics. Can you give more examples of wave behavior of electron in order to
illustrate dual character of electron?
Solution
the wave nature of electron was explained by the experiments like Thompsons Experiment, in
which G.P.Thompson allowed electron beam pass through a thin foil of gold and got caught on
the photographic plate on whic he found the Diffraction pattern of electron beam just like x-ray,
thus this experiment allows wave nature of electron..
Contrast autochthonous and allochthonous food webs. Which type would.pdfarri2009av
Contrast autochthonous and allochthonous food webs. Which type would be expected to
dominate in a clear lake?
Solution
Contrast autochthonous and allochthonous food webs:
The allochthonous food webs are associated with high inputs of organic matter to obtain carbon
from surface catchment or ground water catchment where amount o flight is lower & low
primary production. This food webs forms among heterotrophic ecosystems mainly in dystrophic
lakes
Autochthonous food webs are mainly associate with production of organic carbon from
photosynthesis inside the clear lake, in which higher carbon generated mainly in eutrophic lakes
where high light incidence across the clear lake.
Blair, R. B. 1996. Land use and avian species diversity along an urb.pdfarri2009av
Blair, R. B. 1996. Land use and avian species diversity along an urban gradient. Ecological
Applications 6:506–519.
http://academic.uprm.edu/~jchinea/cursos/comunidades/refs/blair1996.pdf
Questions 1. The author predicts that different bird species will respond differently to
urbanization. What are the three response groups the author expects to find and how is each
predicted to respond to urbanization? 2. Although not explicitly stated in the text, the author
compared bird densities among sites using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Describe the
experimental design of the ANOVA: what were the response and predictor variables, and
treatment levels? Explain how the author used replication in both space and time. 3. The author
presents data on bird densities within sites in both Table 1 and Figure 3. Which presentation do
you find more interpretable and why? What information is common to both, what is unique to
either one or the other? Could you limit the redundancy of these two presentations by combining
them into one table or figure? If so, which would you choose and how would you lay it out? 4.
The golf course had the highest bird species richness, density, and biomass (when Rock Doves
were excluded from the analysis), and the second highest diversity (Figure 4). Summarize the
author’s explanation for this result. 5. Based on the study results, briefly argue the pros and cons
of golf courses as they relate to bird diversity and abundance.
Solution
1: The author predicts three groups of birds which he called as urban exploiters, urban avoiders
and suburban adaptable. The urban exploiters are expected to get adapted to the changes and to
reach their highest densities at the developed sites. The urban avoiders are expected to respond in
a sensitive way to the anthropogenic changes in their habitat and are expected to have their
maximum densities at the natural sites only. The suburban adaptables are expected to exploit
some additional available resources leading to their moderate development..
An attack in which an authentic-looking e-mail or website entices a .pdfarri2009av
An attack in which an authentic-looking e-mail or website entices a user to enter his or her
username, password, or other sensitive information is called ________. (Select the most specific
answer.)
A- a spyware attack
B-identity theft
C- phishing
D- social engineering
A- a spyware attack
B-identity theft
C- phishing
D- social engineering
Solution
C - phishing ,
is the method that attackers use to get login credentials and other sensitive information by
sending emails that resemble original login authentication procedure..
Consider a relation T with six attributes ABCDEF where AB is a compo.pdfarri2009av
Consider a relation T with six attributes ABCDEF where AB is a composite primary key for T.
Assume T has the following functional dependencies:
AB -> CDEF
A -> CEF
F -> E
In what normal form is relation T? Explain why?
Is it possible to decompose T into a number of relations in order to achieve a higher normal
form? Explain how.
Solution
T(A,B,C,D,E,F)
AB -> CDEF
A -> CEF
F -> E
The relation T is in First Normal Form assuming all attribute values are atomic. But it is not in
second normal form because attribute E is functionally dependent on the attribute F.But F is not
part of key attributes so relation is not in second normal form. attribute.A relation is in second
normal form if all non key attributes are fully functionally deprndent on attribute keys.
Yes , it is possisble to decompose the relation into number of relations in order to achieve the
higher normalization. Following are the tables into which we can decompose the relation T
Table1(A,C,E,F)
Table2 (A,B,D)
Table3 (F,E)
underlined attributes are primary keys.
A vague appointment Four people make an appointment to meet each ot.pdfarri2009av
A vague appointment: Four people make an appointment to meet each other at the café in town.
However, this particular town has four cafés. What is the probability that none of them meet?
Solution
There are 4^4 = 256 ways to go to the 4 cafes.
Meanwhile, there are 4! = 24 ways to permute them, so that no 2 people are on the same cafe.
Thus,
P(none meets) = 24/256 = 0.09375 [answer].
Assume real numbers R for now. Consider relation on R, x y iff x .pdfarri2009av
Assume real numbers R for now. Consider relation on R, x y iff x y Z.
(a) Is it an equivalence relation?
(b) Compute [1/2]
(c) Classify all elements of R/ . That is state: “Every element of R/ is of the form ...” – include
all the details, so that you don’t count any element twice.
(d) Bonus question: (you don’t need to answer): Is there a geometric way to think about R/ ?
Solution
a)
x-x=0 is in Z for all real numbers x
SO R is reflexive
IF, x-y is in Z then y-x is also in Z
So, R is symmetrix
IF, x-y and y-z are in Z
then x-y+y-z=x-z is also in Z
Hence, R is transitive
Hence, R is an equivalence relation
b)
[1/2]={n+1/2: n is in Z}
c)
Elements of R/~ are of the form:
a+R, where, a is a real number in (0,1]
We need only consider real numbers outside this interval because all other real numbers will
differ by an integer from one of the numbers in this interval..
An enzyme aggase requires 16 units of activity for wild type functio.pdfarri2009av
An enzyme aggase requires >16 units of activity for wild type function. Two alleles of aggase
have been identified. Wild type allele A_1 produces 12 units of enzyme and mutant allele A_2
produces 5 units of enzyme. Which allele is dominant and which is haploinsufficient? Explain
your reasoning.
Solution
Haploinsufficiency is a potential mechanism in which a diploid species can express a single
functional copy of that gene and the other one copy of gene function will be lost due to mutation
finally trigger loss-of-function mutation so that it is not possible to generate a complete wild-type
phenotype with one functional copy of allele. Therefore, in the above case, enzyme aggase need
>16 units of enzyme, in which only A1 generates 12 units & the remaining A2 produced 5 units
together 17 units to produce a complete wild-type phenotype. Here, haplosuffciency can occur
with a single functional copy of gene, A1 & A2 alleles \"individually\" both are does not produce
enough product to meet >16 units of enzyme to display the wild type\'s so that both are
considered as haplosufficient
Dominance can be observed only in allele A1 because it can mask the allelic recessive locus due
to heterozygosity & Mendelian inheritance in which A1 is responsible for the phenotype
Other reason:
1. Dominant gain of function in which protein expressed from the mutant gene is constitutively
active due to base substitutions finally protein expression is further downregulated because of
increase in expression of enzyme proteins.
2. Loss of Function/ Haploinsufficiency: It is also due to loss of heterozygosity thereby by loss
of gene function with haploinsufficiency. Finally, resultant organism possesses only one
functional gene copy with truncated protein..
17. Of these, which represents a heterozygote a. aa b. Ab c. .pdfarri2009av
17. Of these, which represents a heterozygote?
a. aa
b. Ab
c. AA
d. both a. and c.
18. Active transport across a cell membrane is
a. moving a molecule from lower to higher concentcation
b. moving a molecule from higher to lower concentration
c. moving a from outside the cell to inside the cell
d. by which cells tet rid of waste products
19. All of the following are true about the cell membrane except _____.
a. They are mainly composed of lipids and
b. All polar molecules pass freely, directly through the membrane
c. They are selectively permeable.
d. They have a lipid bilayer
20. Which cellular process produces the most ATP?
a. Photosynthesis
b. aerobic respiration
c. meiosis
d. anaerobic respiration
21. A plant can regulate the amount of water in its cells by
a. moving to a more aqueous environment
b. increasing the amount of solute in the cytoplasm
c. reducing its rate of respiration
d. drinking a tall glass of refreshing rain water
22. Eye color is represented by the alleles AaBBCc. This is an example of ______.
a-complete dominant inheritance
b. heterozygote advantage
c-sex-linked inheritance
d-polygenic inheritance
23. During amniocentesis the baby\'s cells are obtained from the ____.
a. fluid around the embryo
b. placenta
c. uterine wall
d. developing embryo
Solution
17. Heterozygous is represented by
b. Ab
18. Active transport across cell membrane is
a. moving molecule from lower to higher concentration.
19. All are true about cell membrane except
a. They are mainly composed of lipids.
20. Which cellular process produces most ATP?
b. Aerobic respiration
21. A plant can regulate the amount of water in its cells by
b. increasing the amount of solute in the cytoplasm.
22. Eye colour represented by the alleles AaBBCc is an example of
d. Polygenic inheritance
23. During amniocentesis the baby\'s cells are obtained from the
a. fluid around the the embryo.
1. Match the decription listed with the corresponding structureA. .pdfarri2009av
1. Match the decription listed with the corresponding structure
A. corpus callosum
B. hypothalamus
C. mammillary bodies
D. pineal body (gland)
1. controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
2. fiber tract that connects the left cerebral hemisphere to the right cerebral hemisphere
3. involved in suckling reflex and chewing
4. primary relay center for sensory information coming into the brain
5. secretes the hormone melatonin from its precursor molecule serotonin
Solution
Ans). A. corpus callosum - 2. fiber tract that connects the left cerebral hemisphere to the right
cerebral hemisphere
B. hypothalamus - 1. controls hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
C. mammillary bodies - 4. primary relay center for sensory information coming into the brain
D. pineal body (gland) - 5. secretes the hormone melatonin from its precursor molecule serotonin.
1.) What are some factors that should be taken into account when est.pdfarri2009av
1.) What are some factors that should be taken into account when establishing criteria for
recruitment and selection of employees in a global corporation?
2.) What are the most important factors that should be taken into account when establishing
criteria for recruitment and selection of employees for international assignments and why?
Solution
1. the people who are representing in global corportaion should have good skills and positive at
the work and even after the work also. they should be in a position to mould them selves
according to the need and requirement. they should have awareness about different culture,
tradition and respect the people who follows it. they need to konw differences between the
company norms and rules in host country and parent country also. some times the legal aspects
and other aspects related to work will be different. the person who wants to work for different
global companies should know the variations and differences also.
the major part is cultural barriers, the new comers should adapt or ready to adapt new culture and
practice it. they should know the traditions and values followed by the people and respect them.
even they need to consider the race, gender, and community aspects also.
2. the first factor is the strength in the group, how many people requires to complete the
assignment.
second factor is how the group should form, who are the different kinds and specilists represents
in the group. do they ready to work in teams as well as individuals with out having any ego or
personal problems, should assess. the seniority and skill expertise of the people should be match,
otherwise it creates new problems. the traditions and cultures which they follows and are they
open to adapt and follow the new culture should be consider.
there are two kinds of problems in this type of group, one is related to work. it can be resolved
and every one can note and complete their given tasks. they can perform their roles correctly and
achieve the targets. the second problem is relates to out of work. it may relates to personal egos,
differentiations in the payments among the members, respect the others and their cultures and so
on. these kind of problems are vary difficult to solve and the team representatives should not
create these sort of problems..
Write a program that asks the user for the name of a file. The progr.pdfarri2009av
Write a class named testscores. The class constructor should accept an array of rest scores as its
argument., The class should have a member function that returns the average of the test scores. If
any test score in the array is negative or greater than 100, the class should throw an exception.
Demonstrate the class in a program.
Solution
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class TestScores{
private:
float total = 0; //intiialising total marks
int length; //declaring variable for the size of scores array
bool invalid = false;
public:
TestScores(vector scores){
length = scores.size(); //length of vector of scores
for(int i = 0; i100){
cout<<\"Error! Invalid test score!\"; //error for invalid input
total = 0;
invalid = true;
}
else{
total+=scores[i];
}
}
}
float average(){
if(invalid==true){
return 0;
}
return this->total/this->length;
}
};
int main(){
vector scores;
scores.push_back(20);
scores.push_back(25);
scores.push_back(30);
scores.push_back(35);
scores.push_back(40);
scores.push_back(455);
scores.push_back(50);
TestScores testScores = TestScores(scores);
cout<<\"Average: \"<.
Write a program that obtains the execution time of selection sort, bu.pdfarri2009av
Write a java program called Question39 that does the following: Gets input for temperature
Utilizing a branching statement: If temperature is 76-100, call method outputHot passing the
temperature input as an argument. If temperature is 0-39, call method outputCold passing the
temperature input as an argument. If temperature is 40 to 75, call method outputJustRight
passing the temperature input as an argument. If temperature is outside these ranges, output
“Temperature outside range” to the screen. Be precise, import modules, include comments,
prologue, etc. as needed.
Solution
Question39.java
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Question39 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter temperature: \");
int temp = scan.nextInt();
if(temp >=76 && temp <=100){
outputHot(temp);
}
else if(temp >=0 && temp <=39){
outputCold(temp);
}
else if(temp >=40 && temp <=75){
outputJustRight(temp);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Temperature outside range\");
}
}
public static void outputHot(int temp){
System.out.println(\"Temperature \"+temp+\" Hot \");
}
public static void outputCold(int temp){
System.out.println(\"Temperature \"+temp+\" Cold \");
}
public static void outputJustRight(int temp){
System.out.println(\"Temperature \"+temp+\" Just Right \");
}
}
Output:
Enter temperature:
45
Temperature 45 Just Right.
Wings of bats area. Plesiomorphic (ancestral) feature for mammals.pdfarri2009av
Why is an engine with port injection vs. carburetion more likely to have fuel dilute the
lubricating oil? Why did some aircraft engines in World War II have water injection? What is
the physical phenomenon? What is the difference between multipoint port injection systems and
a common rail system?
Solution
11.
Combustion in SI Engine Mixture preparation: - Carburation (no longer used in North
American markets) - Port injection - fuel is sprayed into the air stream just before the inlet valve.
Direct injection - fuel is injected into the cylinder (DISI).
Ignition: spark plug Flame kernel initiation and propagation model 101
Most car engines use port injection or a carburetor. Diesel engines use direct fuel injection -- the
diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. The injector on a diesel engine is its most
complex component. The injector has to be able to withstand the temperature and pressure inside
the cylinder and still deliver the fuel in a fine mist. Some diesel engines contain a glow plug that
heats the combustion chambers and raises the air temperature when the engine is cold so that the
engine can start.
12.
cause, Water injection (engine) In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as
anti-detonant injection (ADI), can spray waterinto the incoming air or fuel-air mixture, or
directly into the cylinder, in order to cool certain parts of the induction system where \"hot
points\" could produce premature ignition.
War Emergency Power (WEP) is an American term for a throttle setting on some World War II
military aircraft engines. For use in emergency situations, it produced more than 100% of the
engine\'s normal rated power for a limited amount of time, often about five minutes.
Maximum normal power would be limited by a mechanical stop, for instance a wire across the
throttle lever slot, but a more forceful push would break the wire, allowing extra power.
13.
Assuming you are aware of the basic functioning of an engine, CRDi and MPFi are both
electronically operated fuel supply systems for diesel and petrol engines respectively.
CRDi - common rail diesel ignition
MPFI - multi-point fuel injection
CRDi consists of a common rail which holds fuel at a very high pressure (~1400 bar) and injects
diesel directly into the cylinder during the transition from compression stroke to power stroke.
Due to the high pressure injection, the fuel burns efficiently and hence power and fuel efficiency
figures are improved.
MPFI on the other hand is simply multi point fuel injection. Here, the carburetor is replaced with
a MAP sensor and injection points in the intake manifold. the MAP sensor relays to the ECU as
to the amount of air entering the manifold and accordingly the quantity of fuel to be injected into
the cylinder heads is ascertained (to maintain the best possible air-fuel mixture as per the
requirements).
the main purpose of an injection system is to supply properly metered fuel to the combustion
chamber via intake valve.
Why do financial assets show up as component of household wealth.pdfarri2009av
Which of the Karnaugh maps below represents the expression, X = AC + BC + B? The greatest
single-digit value in the octal number system equals 1 8 9 7 Which of the following is a
correct form of Boolean addition? A synchronous inputs are best described as having full
control over the FF, regardless of the input or clock states being to the clock, but not to the
inputs being tied to the inputs, but independent of the clock having little or no control over the
FF, except during the active clock input Which statement below best describes the function of a
decoder? Decoders are used to prevent improper operation of digital systems. A decoder will
convert a binary number into a specific output representing a particular character or digit.
Decoders are special ICs that are used to make it possible for one brand of computer to talk to
another. A decoder will convert a decimal number into the proper binary equivalent.
Solution
37)
None of the fig represents AC+BC+B
38)
The greatest single digit value in octal is 7.
39)
0+1=1 is correct
41) decoder expression is option B.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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Based on the below and using the 12 categories of threats identify 3 .pdf
1. Based on the below and using the 12 categories of threats identify 3 examples you can find
online, in the media for each of the threats listed on the right column. You can use news articles
to justify the threats. Use the most current news article you can find. Add the reference link for
each article and place in APA format. Prepare a memo to your CEO with your finding. On the
same memo research current vendors that provide phishing email tools to train your employees
and provide a recommendation to the CEO about which to buy. Compare at least 2 vendors and
identify the following. Features Cost Add the Phishing Quiz Exercise discussed in class to the
bottom of your memo pages. Take the quiz and answer the below Identify which questions you
got wrong from the quiz Provide a brief explanation on why you got it wrong. What did you
learn about phishing emails and what would you recommend in order to avoid falling for a
phishing email?
Solution
1) Threat to intellectual property: Hacking , After conducting a forensic review of the drives,
Bailey(CEO of IT company) learned that intruders had been lurking on two of his company’s
servers for almost a year. These hackers, who were traced to a university in Beijing, had entered
the company’s extranet through an unpatched vulnerability in the Solaris operating system. As
far as Bailey could tell, they hadn’t accessed any classified information. But they were able to
view mountains of intellectual property, including design information and product specifications
related to transportation and communications systems, along with information belonging to the
company’s customers and partners.
Activist hackers, or hacktivists, can also be a danger to companies. For example, early last year
members of Anonymous, the hacker collective, copied and publicly released sensitive files of
H.B. Gary Federal, a security company.
Cpoyrights deviation or piracy :
Intellectual property theft involves robbing people or companies of their ideas, inventions, and
creative expressions—known as “intellectual property”—which can include everything from
trade secrets and proprietary products and parts to movies, music, and software.
It is a growing threat—especially with the rise of digital technologies and Internet file sharing
networks. And much of the theft takes place overseas, where laws are often lax and enforcement
is more difficult. All told, intellectual property theft costs U.S. businesses billions of dollars a
year and robs the nation of jobs and tax revenues.
Preventing intellectual property theft is a priority of the FBI’s criminal investigative program. It
specifically focuses on the theft of trade secrets and infringements on products that can impact
consumers’ health and safety, such as counterfeit aircraft, car, and electronic parts. Key to the
2. program’s success is linking the considerable resources and efforts of the private sector with law
enforcement partners on local, state, federal, and international levels.
§The most common IP breaches involve software piracy
§Two watchdog organizations investigate software abuse:
§Software & Information Industry Association (SIIA)
§Business Software Alliance (BSA)
§Enforcement of copyright law has been attempted with technical security mechanisms
2)Deviations in quality of service from service providers :
§Includes situations where products or services are not delivered as expected
§Information system depends on many interdependent support systems
§Internet service, communications, and power irregularities dramatically affect availability of
information and systems
3)Deliberate acts or tresspass :
§Access of protected information by unauthorized individuals
§Competitive intelligence (legal) vs. industrial
espionage (illegal)
§Shoulder surfing can occur anywhere a person accesses confidential information
§Controls let trespassers know they are encroaching on organization’s cyberspace
§Hackers use skill, guile, or fraud to bypass controls protecting others’ information
§Expert hacker
§Develops software scripts and program exploits
§Usually a master of many skills
§Will often create attack software and share with others
§Unskilled hacker
§Many more unskilled hackers than expert hackers
§Use expertly written software to exploit a system
§Do not usually fully understand the systems they hack
§Other terms for system rule breakers:
§Cracker: “cracks” or removes software protection designed to prevent unauthorized duplication
§Phreaker: hacks the public telephone network
§Attacker steals information from computer system and demands compensation for its return or
nondisclosure
§Commonly done in credit card number theft
4)Forms of nature :
§Forces of nature are among the most dangerous threats
§Disrupt not only individual lives, but also storage, transmission, and use of information
3. §Organizations must implement controls to limit damage and prepare contingency plans for
continued operations
5)Human error or failure :
§Includes acts performed without malicious intent
§Causes include:
§Inexperience
§Improper training
§Incorrect assumptions
§Employees are among the greatest threats to an organization’s data
§Employee mistakes can easily lead to:
§Revelation of classified data
§Entry of erroneous data
§Accidental data deletion or modification
§Data storage in unprotected areas
§Failure to protect information
§Many of these threats can be prevented with controls
6)Threat of information disclosure : HTML Page Comments Threat, Website Error Message
Threat, View-State Threat
HTML Page Comments Threat
It is very common that developers include detailed metadata and comments on their source code.
However, such information included into the HTML source code might expose to a potential
hacker internal intelligence that should not be accessible to them. HTML pages usually contain
too much subsidiary-sensitive information in the form of comments and metadata such as
usernames, passwords, SQL code, internal IP addresses, debugging information, improper server
configurations or page responses for valid versus invalid data, and failure to clean out such
HTML comments containing sensitive information could pose a serious vulnerability to a Web
application.
Website Error Message Threat
Many web applications return informative error messages when unexpected events occur. These
messages may be useful for attackers. Most web applications are written in languages that are
more complex than simple scripts like Java, C#, and Visual Basic .NET. When an unhandled
error occurs, it is common to see full stack traces being returned to the browser in those
languages. The following login page is showing an example of a real web site for authenticating
users. It is obvious that the programmer would have implemented some validation mechanism in
order to validate the correct user name and password. Here is the hack, and if the programmer
had not handled it properly, lots of interesting information could be disclosed.
4. View-State Threat
The Web forms data or changes lost while round tripping to the server due to the stateless nature
of HTTP. Hence, the ASP.NET uses View-State as a client side state management mechanism
for storing values of a web page during round tripping from the server. Once your web page code
has finished running, the ASP.NET examines all the controls on your page. If any of these
properties has been changed from its initial state, ASP.NET makes a note of this information in a
Name/ Value collection. Finally, ASP.NET takes all the information it has combined and then
serializes it as a Base64 string. The View-State is typically accumulated in a hidden field with an
ID __VIEWSTATE.
7)Sabotage:
§Attacks on the face of an organization—its Web site
§Threats can range from petty vandalism to organized sabotage
§Web site defacing can erode consumer confidence, dropping sales and organization’s net worth
§Threat of hacktivist or cyberactivist operations rising
§Cyberterrorism: much more sinister form of hacking
7)Software attacks:
§Malicious software (malware) designed to damage, destroy, or deny service to target systems
§Includes viruses, worms, Trojan horses, logic bombs, back doors, and denial-of-service attacks
8)Technical hardware failures:
§Occur when manufacturer distributes equipment containing flaws to users
§Can cause system to perform outside of expected parameters, resulting in unreliable or poor
service
§Some errors are terminal; some are intermittent
9) technical software failures :
§Purchased software that contains unrevealed faults
§Combinations of certain software and hardware can reveal new software bugs
§Entire Web sites dedicated to documenting bugs
10)Technological obselence :
§Antiquated/outdated infrastructure can lead to unreliable, untrustworthy systems
§Proper managerial planning should prevent technology obsolescence; IT plays large role
11) Theft :
§Illegal taking of another’s physical, electronic, or intellectual property
§Physical theft is controlled relatively easily
§Electronic theft is more complex problem; evidence of crime not readily apparent
part 2 ) Venodrs which provide pishing tools to train employees :
Anti-Phishing Working Group
5. The Anti-Phishing Working Group offers a variety of resources, including a phishing education
landing page that companies can use in conjunction with their anti-phishing campaigns. Some of
the vendors below, including Phishme and KnowBe4, also offer free resources.
Another free tool is MSI Simple Phish from MicroSolved, which allows security teams to run
their own phishing tests inside their organization.
BetterCloud, which offers security and monitoring services for cloud-based office applications,
started worrying about phishing when another company in their office building lost $2 million to
a phishing scam, and their cybersecurity insurance would not cover the cost.
"Their business took a really bit hit," said Austin Whipple, the company's senior security
engineer. "It was hard to recover from that."
In response, BetterCloud ran a company-wide training, then created its own phishing email
campaign that seemed to be a note from the HR system, but actually came from an external email
address. This was followed up with more education.
"Compared to other organizations, or to the Verizon report, we did fairly well," he said. "But
there are still some areas we can improve on."
Once some time has passed, there will be another phishing test, he added. The employees
forward suspicious emails to him personally, he added, and it's clear that the company has
already been specifically targeted because some of the real phishing emails include inside
information that would have required some research.
According to Whipple, setting up an anti-phishing training program is not too difficult.
"Any one tech person can do this whole thing," he said. "It doesn't take a massive amount of
set up. Educate your people, do the test, then educate the people again, and do a follow-up test."
PhishMe
PhishMe’s phishing simulation, training and reporting platform is used by more than 800
customers world-wide, including nearly half of the Fortune 100, to proactively engage thousands
of employees in simulations that condition them to detect and report phishing threats.
PhishMe also offers a phishing incident response platform, which automates and prioritizes
reported phishing emails for faster response, and a threat intelligence service that helps threat
analysis vet the phishing activity they see against verified external threats.
By combining awareness training, easy reporting, and appropriate security responses, employees
can go from being a company's biggest security weakness to its first line of protectiong.
"Humans are the most powerful layer of defense against spear phishing, and organizations need
to leverage every security benefit humans can provide to remain protected against this top attack
vector," said Rohyt Belani, CEO at PhishMe.
PhishMe also offers a dozen free training modules, available in the form of interactive PDF files
or SCORM-compliant files that can be run through a company's learning management system.
6. PhishLabs
Customers include four of the top five U.S. financial institutions, seven of the top 25 global
financial institutions, leading social media and career sites, and top healthcare, retail, insurance
and technology companies.
"Make the simulations as realistic as possible," recommends John LaCour, founder and CEO at
PhishLabs. "If you want your employees to spot and report real-world attacks, the simulations
need to mirror the real-world attacks they are most likely to see."
In addition, once employees do report the attacks, a company needs to have processes in place so
that they can respond to targeted attacks early on, when they're the least costly to mitigate.
part 3 ) quiz : Only one question went wrong : Topic is paypal and in the email there were
spelling mistakes and there is a link to login . Which is not correct as paypal doesnot include
login links in emails .