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Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a South Asian country located in the Bengal region. It has a population of over 171 million and a land area of 147,570 square kilometers. The majority of people speak Bangla and practice Islam. Bangladesh has a unitary parliamentary government and became independent after separating from Pakistan in 1971 following a war of liberation. The economy is mainly based on agriculture, with rice and jute as the main crops. Major rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna flow through the low-lying country.
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Bangladesh
- 1. People's Republic ofBangladesh By Sajid Bin Rashid
- 2. Capital City: Dhaka Population:171,700,000 Area: 147,570 km2 Languages : Bangla, English Religion: Islam Government: Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic Anthem: Amar Sonar Bangla Demonym: Bangladeshi Currency: Taka (৳) (BDT) Time zone: BST (UTC+6) Calling code: +880 Legislature: Jatiyo Sangshad
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- 6. Government Seal ofBangladesh
- 7. Geography Bangladesh is alow-lying, riverine country located in South Asia with a largely marshy jungle coastline of 580 km (360 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal. Formed by a delta plain at the confluence of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries, Bangladesh's alluvial soil is highly fertile, but vulnerable to flood and drought. Hills rise above the plain only in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the far southeast and the Sylhet division in the northeast.
- 8. Climate Bangladesh has atropical monsoon climate characterized by wide seasonal variations in rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity. Regional climatic differences in this flat country are minor. Three seasons are generally recognised: a hot, muggy summer from March to June; a hot, humid and rainy monsoon season from June to November; and a warm-hot, dry winter from December to February. In general, maximum summer temperatures range between 38 and 41 °C (100.4 and 105.8 °F). April is the hottest month in most parts of the country. January is the coolest month, when the average temperature for most of the country is 16–20 °C (61–68 °F) during the day and around 10 °C (50 °F) at night.
- 9. Agriculture Bangladesh is mainlyan agricultural country. About 85% of our total population depends on agriculture directly or indirectly. The soil of Bangladesh is fertile and its climate is favorable for agricultural product. rich and jute are the main agricultural products of our country. Rich is our principal food and jute is our main cash crop. Other valuable crops are various kinds of pulse, sugarcane, betel nut and betel left, vegetables are also important among the products of our country. The commonest of them are potato, brinnal, onion, garlic, radish and p umpkin. In view of the fact that agriculture is the backbone of our national economy, to-priority should be given for the development of our agriculture. The government of Bangladesh has undertaken various programs for the improvement of agriculture.
- 10. River’s of Bangladesh Bangladeshis a land of rivers. She is in fact cross-crossed by numerous rivers. These river are very useful to the overall development of the country. The river here are full to the brim in the rainy season. But in winter they take a very shabby look. There are many rivers in Bangladesh. Of them The Padma, The Meghna, The Jamuna, The Karnaphuli, The Brahammaputra etc are the big and main rivers. Apart from these, there are many other small river almost all over the country. The rivers of Bangladesh play a very important role in various sectors. Firstly, They are a huge source of fishes. Actually the rivers are a real sanctuary of fishes which d one of our main food items. Secondly, The agriculture sector of our country largely depends on those rivers for irrigation. Thirdly, Some nightly river are also great source of energy. For example: The hydro- electric project on the river Karnnafuly can remove the power shortage of Bangladesh to a great extent. Fourthly, Our river are the main way of communication. Moreover the rivers carry silt with them which increases the fertility of our lands. They are also a great source of natural beauties.
- 11. Father of theNation Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (1920-1975)
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- 26. National Martyrs' Memorial JatiyoSriti Shoudho
- 27. Bangladesh's First President: SheikhMujibur Rahman Acting President: Syed Nazrul Islam Prime Minister: Tajuddin Ahmad Female Prime Minister: Begum Khaleda Zia Speaker of Parliament: Mohammad Ullah Chief Justice: A.S.M. Sayem Minister of external affairs: A.H.M. Kamrujjaman Finance minister: Captain M. Monsur Ali Attorney General: M.H. Khandaker Army Chief: General Ataul Ghani Osmani Air Force Chief: A.K. Khandaker Election Commissioner: Justice Mohammed Idris Bangladesh Bank Governor: A.N. Hamidullah Everest winner: Musa Ibrahim Female Everest winner: Nishat Mozumdar
- 28. Festivals Pohela Boishakh, theBengali new year, is the major festival of Bengali culture and sees widespread festivities. Of the major holidays celebrated in Bangladesh, only Pohela Boishakh comes without any preexisting expectations (specific religious identity, culture of gift-giving, etc.). Unlike holidays like Eid al- Fitr, where dressing up in lavish clothes has become a norm, or Christmas where exchanging gifts has become an integral part of the holiday, Pohela Boishakh is really about celebrating the simpler, rural roots of the Bengal. As a result, more people can participate in the festivities together without the burden of having to reveal one's class, religion, or financial capacity. Other cultural festivals include Nabonno, and Poush porbon (festival of Poush), both Bengali harvest festivals.
- 29. Economy Bangladesh is adeveloping country, with a market- based mixed economy and is listed as one of the Next Eleven emerging markets. The per capita income of Bangladesh was US$1,190 in 2014, with a GDP of US$209 billion. In South Asia, Bangladesh has the third-largest economy after those of India and Pakistan, and has the second highest foreign exchange after India. The Bangladeshi diaspora contributed US$15.31 billion in remittances in 2015.
- 30. Military As of 2012,the current strength of the army is around 300,000 including reservists, the air force 22,000, and navy 24,000.In addition to traditional defence roles, the military has been called on to provide support to civil authorities for disaster relief and internal security during periods of political unrest. Bangladesh has consistently been the world's largest contributor to UN peacekeeping forces for many years. In February 2015, Bangladesh had major deployments in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Darfur, Côte d'Ivoire, Haiti, South Sudan, Lebanon, Cyprus and the Golan Heights.
- 31. Bangladesh Armed Forces Motto:"Ever High is head! Founded: 4 April 1971 Service/branches: Bangladesh Army Bangladesh Air Force Bangladesh Navy Headquarters: Dhaka Cantonment Commander-in-Chief: President of Bangladesh Minister of Defence: Prime Minister
- 32. Bangladesh Army Active: 26March 1971–present Country: Bangladesh Allegiance: Constitution of Bangladesh Type: Army Part of: Bangladesh Armed Forces Army Headquarters: Dhaka Cantonment Nickname(s): BA/BD Army Motto: "In War, In Peace We are Everywhere for our Country" Colors: Black, Green March: Chol Chol Chol
- 33. Bangladesh Air Force Active:1971–present Country: Bangladesh Allegiance: People's Republic of Bangladesh Type: Military aviation Part of: Bangladesh Armed Forces Headquarters: Dhaka Cantonment Nickname(s): BAF Motto: Free shall we keep the sky of Bangladesh Colors: Light Sky, Deep sky Patron: The President of Bangladesh
- 34. Bangladesh Navy Active: 1971–present Country:Bangladesh Allegiance: People's Republic of Bangladesh Type: Navy Part of: Bangladesh Armed Forces Headquarters: NHQ, Banani, Dhaka Nickname(s): BN Motto: In War and Peace Invincible at Sea Colors: White, Blue Patron: The President of Bangladesh
- 35. Bangladesh Liberation War Date26 March – 16 December 1971 Location Bangladesh ( East Pakistan) Result Bangladesh Win Territorial changes East Pakistan secedes from Pakistan and becomes Bangladesh Commanders M. A. G. Osmani, J.“. Aurora & other’s Ba gladesh A.A.K. Niazi, Rao Farman Ali & other’s Pakista Strength Bangladesh Forces & Indian Forces : 675,000 Pakistani Forces: 480,000
- 36. Highest military award(Bir Sreshtho) The Bir Sreshtho is the highest military award of Bangladesh. It was awarded to seven freedom fighters who showed utmost bravery and died in action for their nation. They are considered martyrs.The other three gallantry awards are named, in decreasing order of importance, Bir Uttom, Bir Bikrom and Bir Protik. All of these awards were introduced immediately after the Liberation War in 1971. The award was published by the Bangladesh Gazette on 15 December 1973. It is the highest military award of Bangladesh, similar to the American Medal of Honor or the British Victoria Cross. It has only been given in 1973 to seven people. Listed below are the people who have received the Bir Srestho. 1. Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir 2. Sepahi Hamidur Rahman 3. Sepahi Mostafa Kamal 4. Engine Room Artificer Mohammad Ruhul Amin 5. Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman 6. Lance Naik Munshi Abdur Rouf 7. Lance Naik Nur Mohammad Sheikh
- 37. Division’s of Bangladesh Dhaka Chittagong Khulna Barisal Mymensingh Rajshahi Rangpur Sylhet
- 38. Dhaka Division Country: Bangladesh Capital:Dhaka Area: 20,593.74 km2 Population: 36,054,418 Districts: 13 Upazilas: 93 Union Councils: 1,833
- 39. Chittagong Division Country: Bangladesh Area:33,771.18 km2 Population: 28,423,019 Districts: 11 Upazilas: 97 Union Councils: 336
- 40. Barisal Division Country: Bangladesh Area:13,225.20 km2 Population: 8,325,666 Established: 1797 Districts: 6 Upazilas: 39 Union Councils: 333
- 41. Khulna Division Country: Bangladesh Area:22,284.22 km2 Population: 15,687,759 Districts: 10 Upazilas: 59 Union Councils: 270
- 42. Mymensingh Division Country: Bangladesh Area:10,584.06 Population: 11,370,000 Districts: 4 Upazilas: 34 Union Councils: 350
- 43. Rajshahi Division Country: Bangladesh Area:18,174.4 km2 Population: 18,484,858 Districts: 8 Upazilas: 70 Union Councils: 558
- 44. Rangpur Division Country: Bangladesh Area:16,184.99 km2 Population: 15,787,758 Districts: 8 Upazilas: 58 Union Councils: 536
- 45. Sylhet Division Country: Bangladesh Area:12,298.4 km2 Population: 9,910,219 Districts: 4 Upazilas: 38 Union Councils: 334
- 46. Population Year Population 1970 6.50 crore 1980 8.13 crore 1990 10.59 crore 2000 13.12 crore 2010 15.16 crore 2016 16.29 crore
- 47. Bangladesh's largest Dam: Kaptaidam Jute mill: Adamjee Jute Mill Railway station: Kamlapur (Dhaka) Mosque: Baitul Mukarram National Mosque Airport: Shah Jalal International Airport Park: Suhrawardy Udyan Upazila(Area) : Baghaichori (1981 sq km) District: Rangamati (6116 sq km) Island: Bhola (386 sq km) University: Dhaka University Museum: Dhaka National Museum Zoo: Bangladesh National Zoo Hospital: Dhaka Medical College Hospital Stadium: Bangabandhu National Stadium Bank: Bangladesh Bank City: Dhaka Sea port: Chittagong sea port Hotel: Hotel Sonargaon, Dhaka
- 48. Longest Sea Beachin the World Co ’s Bazaar Sea Beach is the largest sea beach in the world. It is situated at the shore of the Bay of Bengal to the most southern part of our country. This sea beach is 120 kilometers long. Every year many tourists come here from home and abroad to enjoy its natural beauty. The scene of sunrise and sunset can be enjoyed from this beach. People collect sea- shells, pearls etc. from this sea beach. This is very fascinating and a great attraction for all the beauty lovers.
- 49. Highest Mountain Tajingdong isa mountain of Bangladesh. Officially it is the highest mountain of Bangladesh. It is located in Ruma upazila in Bandarban district. The official height of the mountain Tajingdong is 1280 meters (2723 feet). The local tribal language, 'tajim' means big and 'Dong' means mountain, the mountain is named after the two words from the Tajingdong. Officially it name is Bijo .
- 50. Important Days Homeland returnday 10 January International Mother Language day 21 February Agartala conspiracy withdrawal day 22 February National flag uphold day 2 March National Child day 17 March National day 26 March Mujib Nagar day 17 April National Mourning day 15 August Murder of Jail day 3 November Armed force day 21 November Shahid Buddhijibi day 14 December Victory day 16 December
- 51. Languages Bangla (Bengali) beingthe sole official language and also the de facto national language of Bangladesh, English is sometimes used secondarily for official purposes, especially in the judiciary. More than 98% of Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their native language.English is also used as a second language among the middle and upper classes and is also widely used in higher education and the legal system.Historically, laws were written in English and were not translated into Bangla until 1987. Bangladesh's Constitution and all laws are now in both English and Bangla. Stranded Pakistani Biharis since 1971 living in various camps in Bangladesh speak Urdu. Similarly, Rohingya Refugees from Burma since 1978 living in various camps in Bangladesh speak Rohingya. There are also several indigenous minority languages.
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- 53. Sports Cricket is oneof the most popular sports in Bangladesh, followed by football. The national cricket team participated in their first Cricket World Cup in 1999, and the following year was granted elite Test cricket status. In 2011, Bangladesh successfully co-hosted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 with India and Sri Lanka. In 2012, the country hosted the Asia Cup. They participated at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, defeating Afghanistan to claim their Gold Medal in the first ever cricket tournament held in the Asian Games. Bangladeshi cricketer Sakib Al Hasan is no.1 on the ICC's all-rounder rankings in all three formats of the cricket. Kabaddi is a very popular game in Bangladesh, considered the national game.
- 54. International Airports Bangladesh has3 international Airports. These are: 1. Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (Dhaka) 2. Shah Amanat International Airport (Chittagong) 3. Osmani International Airport (Sylhet)
- 55. Hazrat Shahjalal InternationalAirport Airport type: Public / Military Owner: Bangladesh Government Operator: Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Serves: Dhaka Location: Kurmitola Elevation AMSL: 27 ft / 8 m Passenger movements: 15,554,215 Cargo handled (tonnes): 300,075
- 56. Shah Amanat InternationalAirport Airport type: Public / Military Owner: Bangladesh Government Operator: Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Serves: Chittagong, Bangladesh Location: Patenga Elevation AMSL: 12 ft / 4 m
- 57. Osmani International Airport Airporttype: Public Owner: Bangladesh Government Operator: Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Serves: Sylhet, Bangladesh Location: Sylhet Elevation : 50 ft / 15 m
- 58. Sea Ports Bangladesh has3 sea port. These are: 1. Port of Chittagong 2. Port of Mongla 3. Port of Payra
- 59. Port of Chittagong Country:Bangladesh Location: Chittagong, Chittagong Division Opened: 1887 Operated by: Chittagong Port Authority Owned by: Government of Bangladesh Annual cargo tonnage: 43.37 million (2012-13)
- 60. Port of Mongla Country:Bangladesh Location: Bagerhat Opened: 1950 Operated by: Mongla Port Authority Owned by: Government of Bangladesh Import-export : 3 million metric tons (per year)
- 61. Currency (Bangladeshi Taka) ISO4217 code: BDT Central bank: Bangladesh Bank User(s): Bangladesh Inflation: 6.17 % Symbol: ৳ Coins: ৳1, ৳2, ৳5 Banknotes: ৳2, ৳5, ৳10, ৳20, ৳50, ৳100, ৳500 & ৳1000 Printer: The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd.
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