This document references several sources that discuss nurse practitioners and their roles, regulations, and scope of practice. Specifically, it references sources from the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, Arizona State Board of Nursing, Banner Health medical centers, and other research studies that examine topics such as the regulation of nurse practitioners, their prescriptive authority, implementation of nurse practitioner services in medical units, and comparisons of costs and effectiveness between nurse practitioners and physicians. The sources provided information on state regulations for nurse practitioners, credentialing and privileging policies for advanced practice professionals, scopes of practice, and the impact of nurse practitioners on patient safety and quality.

2. (American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 2012)
(Arizona State Board of Nursing, 2009)

3. (Banner Ironwood Medical Center, 2010) (Banner Thunderbird Medical Center, 2011)

9. American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. (2012). State regulatory and
prescriptive authority 2012. Retrieved from
http://enpnetwork.s3.amazonaws.com/UAPRN_Atlanta/files/pdf/
State_and_Regulatory_Prescriptive_Authority.pdf
Arizona State Board of Nursing. (2009). Advisory opinion nurse practitioner description of roles
and functions. Retrieved from http://www.azbn.gov/
documents/advisory_opinion/AO %20Nurse%20Practitioner%20Description
%20of%20Role%20and%20Functions %20rev%20Jan%202009.pdf
Banner Ironwood Medical Center.(2010). Banner ironwood medical center
delineation of privileges adult nurse practitioner. Retrieved from
http://www.bannerhealth.com/NR/rdonlyres/B10B514E-D751-49D4-B25F-
7D835AD2D6F7/47983/ NursePractitionerAdult070810.pdf
Banner Thunderbird Medical Center. (2011). Rules and regulations and
credentialing and privileging policy advanced practice professionals and
ancillary staff interdisciplinary practice committee. Retrieved from
http://www.bannerhealth.com/NR/rdonlyres/6EFC9447-3171-4E1E-B96D-
F27A8A3EAFEB/54623/RRsandIPC513.pdf
Klein, T. A. (2005). Scope of practice and the nurse practitioner: Regulation,
competency, expansion, and evolution. Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing eJournal, 5. Retrieved from
http:// www.medscape.com/viewarticle/506277.

10. Landsperger, J. S., Williams, K. J., Hellervik, S. M., Chassan, C.B., Flemmons, L.
N., Davidson, S. R.,... Wheeler, A. P. (2011). Implementation of medical
intensive care unit acute-care nurse practitioner service. Hospital Practice, 39, 32-
29.
Lebo, S. (2012). The multiple faces of prescriptive authority. Advance for NPs & PAs. Retrieved
fromhttp://nurse-practitioners-and-physician-assistants.advanceweb.com/article/the- multiple-faces-of-
prescriptive-authority.aspx
Lee, G., Jennings, N., & Bailey, M. (2007). An exploration of staff knowledge on
the nurse practioner’s role in the emergency department. Accident and Emergency
Nursing, 15, 79-87.
O’Grady, E. T. (2008). Chapter 43 advanced practice registered nurses: The impact
on patient safety and quality. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses, 2.
Retreived from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2641/
Venning. P., Durie, A., Roland, M., Roberts, C., & Leese B. (2000). Randomised
controlled trial comparing cost effectiveness of general practitioners and nurse
practitioners in primary care. British Medical Journal, 320. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7241.1048

11. Volpintesta, E. J. (2012). Advanced practice nurses as independent primary
care givers? Letter to the Editor, 76, 315-316.
Wright, W. L. (2011). Hospital privileges for NPs. Advance for NPs & PAs. Retrieved
from http:// nurse-practitioners-and-physician-
assistants.advanceweb.com/article/hospital- privileges-for-nps.aspx