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Varieties of sustainability: The local expression of a global norm. Presented by Jörg Balsiger at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
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KOEDOE Special issue on tourism, Steve McCool & Anna SpenceleyAnna Spenceley
This important tourism and protected areas publication was launched at the World Parks Congress event on Monday 17 November 2014. The event was hosted by the IUCN WCPA Tourism and Protected Areas Specialist Group and UNDP
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Background on Concessions Best Practice Anna Spenceley
1. What is sustainability?
ECONOMIC
Integrating sustainability:
Global and regional experience
Anna Spenceley
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
20 March 2012, Girrasol Indy, Maputo 2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011
What is sustainability? Economic sustainability
ECONOMIC
Destination:
regarding wildlife resources, safety and accessibility
1 hour from a local airport with reasonable international connections
Value:
Competitive pricing considering design, facilities, location, wildlife
resources, and services compared to similar destinations
Interpretation and Activities:
unique wildlife species to be observed
interesting activities available
quality guiding and interpretation
Management capacity:
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
ability to manage marketing, finances,
logistics, human resources, etc efficiently
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources Access to capital:
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities financing structures that allow for longer term
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio- return on investment are the most beneficial.
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ElperWood et al
2003
Economic sustainability Economic sustainability: Factors important to
holidaymakers when choosing a holiday
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
TUI, 2010
1
3. Biodiversity & activities The type of environmental Energy
impact depends on the
sensitivity
of the habitat to impacts.
Typical electrical
use breakdown for
a coastal resort
Drakensberg Mountains, Spenceley et al,
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2007 South Africa Masaai mara, Kenya 2011
Energy saving technologies Waste
De Hoop Nature Reserve, South Africa
Reduce
Re-use
Spier, South Africa Recycle
Energy saving light bulbs, Solar panels can be used to
with daylight-sensors for heat water and power lights
use outdoors – save energy
Spenceley, 2007;
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2007 Spenceley et al, 2011
Watamu, Kenya
Water Environmental Education
Kruger National Park, South Africa
Environmental education helps
tourists learn a lot about the
places they are visiting
– and how to look after it.
Spier, South Africa Phinda Private Game Reserve, South Africa
Hluhluwe,
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo Spenceley, 2007 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
South Africa Spenceley, 2007
3
4. What is sustainability? Social and cultural sustainability
ECONOMIC
Planning and development – consultation
with stakeholders
Equity structure – involvement of local people
Culture integrated within design, activities
and procurement
ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL
1) Make optimal use of environmental resources
2) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities
3) Ensure viable, long-term economic operations, providing socio-
economic benefits to all stakeholders that are fairly distributed
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Protected Area Stakeholders Partnerships, risks and requirements
Government and authorities
Protected Area Natural .
National government
attractions
Tour operators Local government
Tourism concession
Conservation
Tourism facilities
authorities
Tourists
Non-governmental
Community . Community Organisations
External based
activities organisations
Cultural
attractions and
Small Medium and
activities
Micro Enterprises
Traditional
authorities
Farmers
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo Adapted from ILO, 2011 USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Cultural tours
Culture in accommodation
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
Spenceley, 2005 Spenceley, 2005
4
5. Presentations
Culture in craft Concessions and sustainability in Andrew Kingman
Chimanimani: Ndzou Camp and MICAIA
Concessions and business sustainability in Dave Law
Mozambique: Banhine, Zinave, & Banamana
Concessions and sustainability in southern Sue Snyman
Africa: Wilderness Safaris
Maximizing local linkages into the Tourism Manuel Mutimucuio
(the value chain – “the trickledown effect”)
Spenceley, 2005
USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo USAID/SPEED logo Technoserve logo
5