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Makna StrategiMakna Strategi
Kata “Strategi” berasal dari bahasa Yunani,Kata “Strategi” berasal dari bahasa Yunani,
yaitu dari kata “strategos” yang berartiyaitu dari kata “strategos” yang berarti
“kepemimpinan militer”.“kepemimpinan militer”.
Kepemimpinan militer atau strategi dalamKepemimpinan militer atau strategi dalam
konteks awal adalah sesuatu yang dikerjakankonteks awal adalah sesuatu yang dikerjakan
para pemimpin militer (jenderal) untukpara pemimpin militer (jenderal) untuk
memenangkan pertempuran.memenangkan pertempuran.
Seorang Jenderal (****) harus membuatSeorang Jenderal (****) harus membuat
rencana, keputusan, dan tindakan berdasarkanrencana, keputusan, dan tindakan berdasarkan
pemahaman keadaan eksternal dan internal.pemahaman keadaan eksternal dan internal.
Strategi Berperang
Ala Sun Tzu
Para penakluk membuat perkiraan dalam kuil
mereka sebelum perang dimulai. Mereka
mempertimbangkan semuanya. Yang ditaklukkan
juga membuat perkiraan sebelum perang; tapi
mereka tidak memperkirakan semuanya.
Perkiraan menyeluruh menciptakan kejayaan.
Perkiraan tidak menyeluruh menciptakan
kegagalan. Ketika kami melihat dari sisi ini, jelas
terlihat siapa yang akan menang dalam
peperangan
Sun Tzu mengatakan bahwa dalam hasil setiap
peperangan
selalu ditentukan oleh lima faktor konstan, yaitu:
a. Hukum moral (loyalitas atau komitmen) para prajurit
yang siap
mati.
b. Langit yang menunjukkan keadaan alam yang tidak
bisa
diubah, seperti siang-malam, panas- dingin.
c. Bumi yang terdiri dari kekuatan dan kelemahan,
keadaan
medan pertempuran yang dihadapi, kemungkinan
hasil
peperangan.
d. Pimpinan sebagai simbol karakter dan sifat dari
teladan yang
baik.
e. Metode dan Disiplin yang perlu dipahami dalam
menyususun
strategi perang dan konsekuensi dari pelaksanaan
strategi
William F Glueck &
Lawrence R. Jauch (1998)
Strategi adalah sebuah rencana yang
disatukan, luas dan terintegrasi yang
menghubungkan keunggulan
perusahaan dengan tantangan
lingkungan serta dirancang untuk
memastikan bahwa tujuan utama
perusahaan dapat dicapai melalui
pelaksanaan yang tepat oleh organisasi
Ciri keputusan strategikCiri keputusan strategik
 JarangJarang
 Mempunyai dampak konsekuensiMempunyai dampak konsekuensi
 Bersifat perintis jalanBersifat perintis jalan
TAKTIK
PerbedaanPerbedaan StrategiStrategi Vs Taktik Vs Taktik 
  
STRATEGI
•Bagaimana mengerjakannya
•Menggunakan tentara utk
memenangkan pertempuran
•Bawah
•Pendek
•Apa yang harus dikerjakan
•Menggunakan pertempuran
utk memenangkan perang
•Atas
•Panjang
Kejadian pemicuKejadian pemicu
 CEO baruCEO baru
 Perubahan kepemilikanPerubahan kepemilikan
 Intervensi pihak luarIntervensi pihak luar
 Celah kinerjaCelah kinerja
SejarahSejarah manajemenmanajemen strategikstrategik
 Anggaran & Kontrol Keuangan (1900 -Anggaran & Kontrol Keuangan (1900 -
an)an)
 Perencanaan Jangka Pajang (PascaPerencanaan Jangka Pajang (Pasca
World War II/1950an)World War II/1950an)
 Perencanaan strategik Perusahaan (Mid-Perencanaan strategik Perusahaan (Mid-
1960 an)1960 an)
 Manajemen Strategik (1980-an) Manajemen Strategik (1980-an) 
Model Dasar Manajemen StrategikModel Dasar Manajemen Strategik
Perekaman
Lingkungan
Formulasi
Strategi
Implementasi
Strategi
Evaluasi
&
Pengendalian
Feedback
PEREKAMAN
LINGKUNGAN
EKTERNAL
INTERNAL
•Lingk. Ke-
masyarakatan
•Lingk. Tugas
•Struktur
•Budaya
•Sumber Daya
Misi
FORMULASI
STRATEGI
Tujuan
Strategi
Kebijakan
IMPLEMENTASI
STRATEGI
Program
Prosedur
Anggaran
EVALUASI
&
PENGENDALIAN
Kinerja
Feedback
MODEL MANAJEMEN STRATEGI
Wheelen-Hunger
VARIABEL-VARIABEL LINGKUNGAN
Lingkungan Sosial
Kekuatan
Sosiokultural
Kekuatan
Ekonomi
Kekuatan
Teknologi
Kekuatan
Politik-Hukum
Lingkungan Kerja
(Indutri)
Pemegang saham
Kreditur
Asosiasi
perdagangan
Pesaing
Pekerja/
Serikat Buruh
Pemerintah
Kelompok
Kepentingan
khusus
Pelanggan
Komunitas
Pemasok
Lingkungan
Internal
Struktur
Budaya
Sumber Daya
Perform
External
audit
Develop
Mission
statement
Perform
Internal
Audit
Extablish
Long-term
objectives
Generate
Evaluate
& select
strategies
Establish
Policies
&
Annual
Objectives
Alocate
resources
Measure
&
Evaluate
performance
MODEL MANAJEMEN STRATEGI
FREd R. DAVID
Assesment of
Organization
Strength,
weakness,
Opportunities
& threats
Formulation
Of
Organization
mission
Formulation
Of
Organization
Philosophy
& policies
Determination
Of
Strategies
objectives
Determination
Of
Strategies
strategy
Control
Of
Organization
strategy
MODEL MANAJEMEN STRATEGI
Glenn baseman & arvind platak
Hierarchy of StrategyHierarchy of Strategy
Functional
Strategy
Corporate strategy
Business Strategy
• Corporate Strategi
Menggambarkan arah yang menyeluruh
• Business Strategy
Usaha peningkatan posisi persaingan
produk/jasa perusahaan
• Functional Strategy
Memaksimumkan produktivitas sumber
daya
HOLDING
STRATEGIC
BUSINESS
UNIT
OPERATION
MARKETING
FINANCE
STRATEGIC
BUSINESS
UNIT
OPERATION
MARKETING
FINANCE
STRATEGIC
BUSINESS
UNIT
OPERATION
MARKETING
FINANCE
CORPORATE
STRATEGY
BUSINESS
STRATEGY
FUNCTIONAL
STRATEGY
Hierarchy of StrategyHierarchy of Strategy

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