Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides cloud computing infrastructure that allows researchers to access computing resources like servers, storage, databases, and analytics tools quickly and easily through an on-demand, pay-as-you-go model, avoiding high upfront costs and allowing easy scaling. AWS offers a variety of services including compute, storage, databases, analytics, and machine learning through regional data centers for high availability and low latency. Researchers can use AWS services to accelerate their work through rapid provisioning of resources, global collaboration, automatic scaling to match demand, and pay only for what they use.