AWS Network Architecture Rework
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1. The document provides an overview of restructuring an AWS network architecture to improve complexity, security, and costs. 2. The original architecture had issues with peering complexity between multiple VPCs and accounts, multiple route tables, VPNs in every VPC, and high costs from multiple internet gateways. 3. The restructured architecture migrates to transit gateways for cross-VPC connectivity, centralizes routing with the transit gateway, uses direct connects instead of VPNs, enforces public/private subnet security, and uses a single internet gateway for all internet access.
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AWS Network Architecture Rework
- 1. AWS Network Architecture October, 2020 Olaf Reitmaier Veracierta An Example of Restructuration and Clean-Up
- 2. Agenda • AWS Network • Concepts • Problems • Solutions • Restructuration • Exception to the Rules • Cheat Sheet for Engineers • Key Take Away (Reminders) • Q&A Intention: • Arise curiosity • Give overview • Serve as basic reference for what & where
- 3. AWS Network Basic Concepts VPC ⇢ Account (Team) ⇢ Organization Magic VPC – 10.0.0.0/8 REGION (EU-CENTRAL-1) Other Network Gateways
- 4. Other VPC(s) Default VPC Default VPC VPN IGW IGW Other VPC(s) NAT GW Peerings Complexity O(N*M) X Account Root Account NAT GW IGW IGW VPN Problems: 1. Peering Complexity 2. Multiple Route Tables 3. GW/VPN everywhere 4. Security (Pub./Priv.) 5. Costs (GWs) Example Solutions?:
- 6. https://d1.awsstatic.com/events/reinvent/2019/ REPEAT_3_From_one_to_many_Diving_deeper_ into_evolving_VPC_design_ARC304-R3.pdf 1) State-Of-The-Art & Referential => We Took Small Seed!
- 7. Problems => Solutions 1. Complexity => Migrate to TGW 2. Route Tables => Central TGW + TF 3. VPNs => Carriers + Direct Connect 4. Security => Enforce Pub/Priv. Subnets 5. Costs (GWs) => Single Internet Exit --- • ETA/Effort => O(N), where N ~ Months. • Downtime => Progressive / Phased. • Terraform => Rework / Split.
- 9. Old VPC(s) Default VPC New VPC (Production) New VPC (Staging) TGW (Production) TGW (Staging) New VPC (Production) New VPC (Staging) Default VPC VPN IGW IGW IGW IGW Egress VPC(s) (Internet Exit) Peerings Between Accounts X Account NAT GW VPN NAT GW DC IGW IGW IGW IGW Root Account Dual
- 10. New VPC (Production) New VPC (Staging) TGW (Production) TGW (Staging) New VPC (Production) New VPC (Staging) IGW IGW Egress VPC(s) (Internet Exit) DC X Account Root Account IGW IGW NAT GW IGW End
- 11. New VPC (Production) New VPC (Staging) TGW (Production) TGW (Staging) New VPC (Production) New VPC (Staging) IGW IGW Egress VPC(s) (Internet Exit) DC X Account Root Account Avoid Exceptions (e.g. “Unique” Tools) Rely on Pub. API IGW IGW NAT GW IGW Exception
- 12. IGW Public Subnet Private Subnet Acc. X AWS Network Cheat Sheet [Staging env. is a arch. mirror] VPC (Prod) No VPN Access No TGW Access 0.0.0.0/0 => IGW VPN Access TGW Cross-Account 0.0.0.0/0 => TGW Acc. Y ELB ELB IGW Public Subnet Private Subnet VPC (Prod) No VPN Access No TGW Access 0.0.0.0/0 => IGW VPN DUS DC TGW Cross-Account 0.0.0.0/0 => TGW ELB ELB IGW Public Subnet Private Subnet Acc. Root (Parent) VPC (Prod) No VPN Access No TGW Access 0.0.0.0/0 => IGW VPN Access TGW Cross-Account 0.0.0.0/0 => TGW ELB ELB Egress VPC (Prod) Private Subnet NAT GWs 0.0.0.0/0 => NAT GW Single Internet Exit for Navigation TGW (Prod) Internet Internet Internet Internet Jump/Bastion Host Jump/Bastion Host NOTES: 1) Security Groups for resources on public subnets must be restricted to Office IPs unless accessed by customers or external services. For security reasons, PUBLIC SUBNETS ARE NOT ABLE TO REACH neither NAT GWs (instead use the account Internet GW), Transit GW, private VPNs / Direct Connect or any other Cross-Account VPC/Subnets/Resources both public and private. 2). Indeed, public subnets are restricted within the VPC where they are defined and meant to be used for: AWS EC2 instances like jump/bastion hosts, some frontends setups (able to work within the same VPC), Elastic Load Balancers, jump/bastion hosts. Remember, that NAT GWs IP from root (parent) account should be whitelist if external services maintains a whitelist of AWS NAT GW public IPs. 3) Additionally, Jump/bastion hosts can be easily replaced with AWS System Manager https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/mt/replacing-a-bastion-host-with-amazon-ec2-systems-manager to save money and reducing security risks (not urgent). Public Subnet Public Subnet Private Subnet IGW Internet MK GW VPN 0.0.0.0/0 => IGW VPN VPC (Prod & Stg) Direct Connect (DC)
- 13. Key Takeaways - Reminders 1. Save/Print the Cheat Sheet. 2. Do not use Default VPC (If you still have one) 3. Migrate from Old VPCs and prefer new VPCs overall 4. New VPCs (Stage/Production) and 2-3 Availability Zones 5. Don’t deploy servers and/or applications on Public Subnets (Use Network/Application ELB instead). 6. New single Internet exit through the AWS Root Account (Whitelist Root Account NAT Gateways IPv4 to external service providers). 7. Whitelist AWS NAT GWs IPs on your Security Groups.