This document is an environmental training module covering general environmental awareness, types of pollution (land, water, air, and noise), their sources, effects, and prevention methods. It emphasizes the importance of protecting the environment for health, moral responsibility, and compliance with legislation. Key topics include the causes of pollution, its impact on human health and ecosystems, and strategies for mitigating environmental damage.

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Environmental Training
Module on
General Environmental Awareness
General Environmental Awareness

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CONTENTS
1. Environment 3. Waste Management
2. Pollution
(i) Land Pollution
Source & Impacts
(ii) Water Pollution
Sources & Impacts
(Food Chain)
(iii) Air Pollution
Sources & Impacts
(iv) Noise Pollution
Sources & Impacts

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WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?
 Simply stated, the environment can be defined
as one’s surrounding.
OR
 All aspects of the surrounding of human
beings whether effecting human beings as
individuals or in social grouping.
– Land water & Air
– Flora & Fauna

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WHY TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENT
 To protect ourselves
 Moral responsibility
 For our future generation
 To meet Legislation
 To comply organizational policy

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DAMAGE TO ENVIRONMENT
 Consumption of resources
 Land
 Water
 Air
 Creating Pollution

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POLLUTION
Any change in air, water, soil,
food, surrounding that can
affect the health, survival or
activities of living beings in an
unwanted way.

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 Effects on human health
 Damage to plant and animal life
 Disruption of material, life supports
system at local, regional and global level
 Nuisance and aesthetic insult
 Property damage
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION

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CAUSES OF POLLUTION
 URBAN ACTIVITIES
 INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES
 NATURAL

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TYPES OF POLLUTION
Broadly, pollution can be classified as;
 Land Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Air Pollution
 Noise Pollution

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SOURCES OF LAND POLLUTION
 Major sources of land pollution are:
 Accidental spillage (eg. Loading & refueling
of diesel or chemical drums)
 Waste pit leakage
 Land filling of hazardous waste
 Leakages from Fuel Storage Tanks
 Application of pesticide/fertilizer on soil
 Dumping of solid waste on land

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LAND POLLUTION

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EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION
 Contamination of groundwater
 Unfit for cultivation / plantation
 Pollutants in soil can become
water brone & air borne
 Aesthetic nuisance
 Contamination of food chain

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Prevention of Land Pollution
 Secondary containment for fuel storages
 Concrete pads below refueling points
 Use of drip trays to spills
 Lining of Landfills
 Proper disposal of waste

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LAND USAGE, ITS EFFECT AND
HOW TO MINIMISE
 Disturb natural vegetation, topography as
little as possible during seismic activities
 Restoration of Site as per Site Restoration
Plan

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Secondary Containment

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WATER POLLUTION
 The presence of impurities in water in such
quantity and of such nature as to impair the use
of water for a stated purpose.
There are two types of water pollution
 Surface water pollution
 Groundwater pollution

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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION
Major sources of water pollution are:
 Untreated Sewerage
 Discharge of wastewater containing toxic
chemicals
 Leakages from fuel storage tanks
 Leaching from improper land filling of
hazardous waste

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GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
 Groundwater usually becomes contaminated:
 When polluted water percolates down through
the soil into the groundwater
 When toxic chemicals from the surface
percolate down into the ground water, they
may pollute a staggering volume of water

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EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION
 Unfit for drinking
 Can cause various diseases such as
Cholera
 Highly saline produced water inhibit
plant growth
 Can contaminate food chain

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EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

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AIR POLLUTION
Presence of contaminants in atmosphere
which can affect to human, plant or animal
life or to property.

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AIR POLLUTANTS
 Gaseous pollutants from combustion
 Dust
 Odour causing gases/vapours/fumes

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SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION

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SOLID WASTE BURNING

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INDOOR POLLUTION

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NOISE POLLUTION
Unwanted sound which effects an
individual by interfering with ones social
activities like work, rest, recreation,
sleep, etc.

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EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
 Hearing damage
 Sleep arousal and alteration of sleep pattern
 Annoyance or stress
 Interference with conversations &
communications
 Changes in social behavior

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Prevention of Noise Pollution
 Barriers around source
 Use of ear plugs or ear muffs