The document discusses various indicators that can be used to assess food availability at national and household levels. At the national level, key indicators include estimates of total food production, imports, and the resulting food gap calculated in a food balance sheet. At the household level, potential indicators include the number of months households can meet their food needs from own production/stocks and seasonal variations in household-level availability. When selecting indicators, it is important to choose metrics that are relevant to decision-making and accurately reflect the situation being assessed.
Losses in Food Balance Sheets: Current Status, Imputation, ans SDG 12.3FAO
Presentación de Katherine Baldwin (FAO), en el marco del “Second Regional Dialogue on Prevention and Reduction of Food Losses and Waste”, realizado el 17 y 18 de noviembre de 2016, en Saint George’s, Granada.
Importance of quality seed production to achieve SDG in Bangladesh.Mahedi Hasan Zahid
The cost of the seed represents a mere fraction (2-3%) of the total cost of production, but the quality of seed plays a decisive role in influencing the growers' profitability. Quality seeds, therefore, are the basic critical input upon which all other inputs will depend for their full effectiveness.
By: Mahedi Hasan Zahid
IUBAT-192
#PedagooSW Great Planning by @judeenright judeslides
A journey through the Lesson Planning Spectrum, from the #DKL to the script, via @TeacherToolkit 's #5minplan and @johntomsett 's learning progress map.
ShakweDev est une agence digitale basé à Abidjan opérant dans la conception de sites internet professionnels (site vitrine, blog professionnel, site e-commerce), la Refonte de site internet, le Community Management, le référencement SEO et le Growth Hacking.
Losses in Food Balance Sheets: Current Status, Imputation, ans SDG 12.3FAO
Presentación de Katherine Baldwin (FAO), en el marco del “Second Regional Dialogue on Prevention and Reduction of Food Losses and Waste”, realizado el 17 y 18 de noviembre de 2016, en Saint George’s, Granada.
Importance of quality seed production to achieve SDG in Bangladesh.Mahedi Hasan Zahid
The cost of the seed represents a mere fraction (2-3%) of the total cost of production, but the quality of seed plays a decisive role in influencing the growers' profitability. Quality seeds, therefore, are the basic critical input upon which all other inputs will depend for their full effectiveness.
By: Mahedi Hasan Zahid
IUBAT-192
#PedagooSW Great Planning by @judeenright judeslides
A journey through the Lesson Planning Spectrum, from the #DKL to the script, via @TeacherToolkit 's #5minplan and @johntomsett 's learning progress map.
ShakweDev est une agence digitale basé à Abidjan opérant dans la conception de sites internet professionnels (site vitrine, blog professionnel, site e-commerce), la Refonte de site internet, le Community Management, le référencement SEO et le Growth Hacking.
Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals...FAO
FIRST Webinar #3 - Food Security Measurement in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals Monitoring Framework
This presentation was prepared for a webinar is organized jointly with the European Commission Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, in the framework of the FAO-EU Partnership Programme: Food and Nutrition Security Impact, Resilience, Sustainability and Transformation (FIRST).
SPEAKER:
Mr Carlo Cafiero, Senior Statistician and Economist, FAO Statistics Division
MODERATOR:
Ms Terri Ballard, Food and Nutrition Security Measurement Specialist, FAO Statistics Division
Find out more about FIRST, FAO-EU Partnership Programme: http://www.fao.org/europeanunion/eu-projects/first/en/
As part of UNICEF Innocenti's workshop on social protection in humanitarian settings, Pascale Schnitzer from World Bank presented her working paper "How to Target Households in Adaptive Social Protections Systems? Evidence from humanitarian and development approaches in Niger".
For more on this workshop and to access the seven papers released at the event, visit: https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1829-evidence-on-social-protection-in-contexts-of-fragility-and-forced-displacement.html
Agrifood; a new Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis tool to examine trade-offs i...Francois Stepman
24 - 29 June 2019. Hyderabad, India. The ANH Academy Week is a series of annual events that bring together the community of researchers and users of research (practitioners and policymakers) working at the intersection of agriculture, nutrition and health.
The presentation Measuring FLW About The FLW Standard Tools And Resources is by Kai Robertson, lead advisor for the FLW Protocol at the World Research Institute.
Presented at the WBCSD Climate Smart Agriculture workshop at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT on 28 March 2018.
The Estimated Amount ,Value , and Calories of Postharvest Food Losses at the Retail and Consumer Levels in the United States .
The study also reviewed literature and found that food loss is economically efficient in some cases . There is a practical limit to how much food loss the United States or any other country could realistically prevent , reduce , or recover for human consumption given (1) Technical Factors ( eg .the persihable nature of foods , food safety , storage ,and temperature considerations : (2) Temporal and spatial factors (eg the time needed to deliver food to a new destination , and the dispersion of food loss among millions of households,food processing plants , and food service locations
(3) individual consumers tastes, preferences,and food habits ( eg throwing out left over milk in a bowl of cereal ) : and (4) economic factors ( eg cost to recover and redirect uneaten food to another use )
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The political environment for international agribusiness can be complex and dynamic. It encompasses a range of factors including government policies, regulations, trade agreements, geopolitical tensions, and local political stability.
For example, policies related to agricultural subsidies, tariffs, and trade barriers can significantly impact the international agribusiness sector. Additionally, geopolitical tensions or conflicts in certain regions can disrupt supply chains and market access.
It's crucial for international agribusinesses to closely monitor political developments, engage in advocacy efforts, and adapt strategies to navigate this environment effectively. Establishing strong relationships with government agencies, industry associations, and stakeholders can also be beneficial in addressing political challenges.
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The political environment presents several potential risks for businesses, including:
Policy Changes: Shifts in government policies and regulations can directly impact businesses. This could involve changes in taxation, trade tariffs, environmental regulations, or labor laws.
Political Instability: Countries experiencing political instability, such as protests, civil unrest, or changes in government, can disrupt operations and pose risks to personnel safety.
Legal and Regulatory Risks: Changes in legislation or regulations can affect how businesses operate. This might include new compliance requirements, licensing restrictions, or changes in intellectual property laws.
Trade Disputes and Tariffs: Trade tensions between countries can lead to the imposition of tariffs or trade barriers, affecting international business operations and profitability.
Corruption and Bribery: Operating in regions with high levels of corruption increases the risk of encountering unethical business practices, which can lead to legal repercussions and reputational damage.
Economic Policy Changes: Shifts in economic policies, such as changes in interest rates or inflation rates, can impact business costs, financing, and profitability.
Geopolitical Tensions: Conflicts or tensions between countries or regions can disrupt supply chains, impact market access, and increase operational risks.
Cybersecurity Threats: Government-sponsored cyberattacks or changes in cybersecurity regulations can pose significant risks to business operations and data security.
Environmental Regulations: Changes in environmental policies can affect businesses, especially those in industries like energy, manufacturing, and agriculture.
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It's crucial for businesses to conduct thorough political risk assessments, stay informed about global and lo
GCARD2: Briefing paper Household Nutrition Security (WFP)GCARD Conferences
While the research agenda is growing, there remains limited concrete evidence on how agriculture–nutrition linkages work. A mapping exercise has been completed by DFID/LCIRAH outlining the research gaps. However more nutrition-relevant data from agricultural interventions needs to be generated, collected and shared, and nutritional indicators need to be included in evaluations. LCIRAH identify the need for greater understanding of the pathways from agricultural inputs and practices through value chains to effects on food environment, consumption and nutrition.
Visit the conference site for more information: http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
Bien que les programmes de recherche se multiplient, il n'existe pas encore de preuves concrètes sur la façon dont les relations entre l’agriculture et la nutrition fonctionnent. Un état des lieux a été réalisé par DFID/LCIRAH montrant les lacunes de la recherche dans ce domaine. Cependant, d'importantes données nutritionnelles pertinentes doivent être générées, collectées et partagées ; et les indicateurs nutritionnels doivent être inclus dans les évaluations. LCIRAH identifie la nécessité pour une large compréhension des mécanismes depuis les intrants et pratiques agricoles, a travers les chaines de valeur et aux effets sur les aliments, la consommation et la nutrition.
Visitez le site de la GCARD2 pour plus d'informations: http://www.egfar.org/gcard-2012
ICN2-Diet Matters: Approaches and Indicators to Assess Agriculture's Role in ...FAO
Diet Matters:Approaches and Indicators to Assess Agriculture's Role in Nutrition
By Diego Rose, Brian Luckett, and Adrienne Mundorf
School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine
Tulane University
Methodology, challenges and capacity development activities of Tier I Food se...FAO
Methodology, challenges and capacity development activities of Tier I Food security indicators: 2.1.1 ‘‘Prevalence of undernourishment’’ and 2.1.2 ‘‘Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)’
http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-events/afcas/afcas25/en/
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1. Screen 1/43
Availability Assessment and Analysis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand standard calculations of national availability.
Be aware of existing methods for estimating crop
production.
Identify methods for calculating household level food
stocks.
Be aware of key aspects to consider in planning
availability assessments.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INTRODUCTION
It is the amount of food that is physically present in
a country or area through all forms of domestic
production, stocks, commercial imports and food aid.
What is food availability?
There are various methods and tools to assess food availability...
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
It describes all the factors
which constitute the total
availability of food in a
country over a selected
twelve month period.
The Food Balance Sheet is a key tool used to look at
food availability at a national level.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
The Food Balance Sheet incorporates estimates of
“losses” into the supply estimate to get availability
of food for human consumption.
Not all the available food in a country is
available for human consumption.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
The food available for human
consumption is compared to the
food needed for that consumption
(consumption requirements)
over the selected period.
FOOD
NEEDED
FOOD
AVAILABLE
The Food Gap is the difference between the estimated
food available for human consumption and the
consumption requirements.
The estimate of a gap is an average across the
population.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
Most Food Balance Sheets
(FBS) are estimated for a 12
month time.
The FBS usually looks into the
future and can be updated as
further information is available.
FBS sections:
Supply
• Production
• Changes in stocks
Uses
• Human consumption needs
• Losses and seeds
• Animal feeds and processing
Expected Imports
• Expected Commercial
• Food aid received/pledged
Uncovered Food Gap
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
Very few places have the all data
needed to estimate a comprehensive
FBS including all food commodities, so
you may need to focus on just the key
staple foods in the country.
On the other hand, accounting for as many staples as
possible is important, because just looking at one
commodity alone will give a false view of food gaps.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FOOD BALANCE SHEET
A country may produce all of a given
commodity that it needs; in that case,
it is said to be “self-reliant”.
However, with external trade as a
possibility, there are many other
sources of supply.
A policy of self-reliance can be costly for a country if it
means producing at any cost to meet the needs.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
A Food Balance Sheet (FBS) can be very useful, but it also
has some limitations:
FBS CAN HELP FBS CANNOT HELP
- Governments in understanding
the food situation.
- Governments which may use
its results to set international
trade policies.
- Food aid agencies in assessing
the feasibility of local purchases
of supplies for distribution within
the country or elsewhere in the
region.
- The interpretation of overall
price movements.
If prices change, the FBS cannot
incorporate:
• all the actions that consumers
take.
• the changes in import/export.
Since the FBS is usually based on
a 12 month period, it cannot take
account of:
• seasonality; and
• local differences.
HOW THE FOOD BALANCE SHEET IS USED
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
CROP PRODUCTION ESTIMATION PROCEDURES
TOTAL PRODUCTION =
AVERAGE YIELD * TOTAL PLANTED AREA
Estimating crop and livestock production
may contribute to understanding food availability.
This relationship can be used to estimate the
production of a given crop.
Yield is the total amount produced divided by the land
area, a measure of land productivity.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
There are different methods to estimate yields:
Extension Agents
Crop Cutting
Regression Analysis
CROP PRODUCTION ESTIMATION PROCEDURES
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
An advanced method consist in
mapping with Geographic
Information Systems (GIS)
and Remote Sensing with
satellite imagery from
METEOSTAT and other satellites.
• NOAA
Agencies focused on these technological advances:
• NASA • FAO/GIEWS
CROP PRODUCTION ESTIMATION PROCEDURES
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
FAO often conduct Crop and Food Supply Assessment Missions
(CFSAM), for which the main responsibility is to derive
estimates of production for use in the Food Balance Sheet.
Steps of carrying out a CFSAM:
Identify information and methods
already available in the country.
Determine the key agricultural
zones within the country.
Assess production in each zone.
CROP PRODUCTION ESTIMATION PROCEDURES
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
HOUSEHOLD STOCKS ESTIMATION
Availability can also be assessed at
household level, estimating what
each household has in stock of
the main foods.
The assessment can be done at
sub-country level.
Since seasonal shifts can be very important, baseline
information of a “normal year” is necessary for
interpreting current levels of stocks.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
HOUSEHOLD STOCKS ESTIMATION
The methods for assessing household stocks are:
Household surveys
Production minus estimated
consumption can be used to
estimate projected stocks.
Rapid appraisals
Teams are sent out to talk with
community leaders, groups of
farmers and local experts.
The combination of the two methods may provide the best information.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
AVAILABILITY AND MARKETS
The existence of food doesn’t
imply a good distribution of
food through space and time.
Most often the supplies
needed are obtained through
the market or through
relatives who buy supplies
elsewhere.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
KEY ASPECTS IN PLANNING AN AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT
Useful considerations when planning an availability assessment:
RESOURCES AVAILABLE
SKILLS NEEDED
TIME
ACCURACY
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
KEY ASPECTS IN PLANNING AN AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT
TIME In situation of emergency, people
may need food as soon as possible.
With a lengthy survey people will
have to wait before the decision is
made to send in food aid.
Using previous estimates and
information will assist you in
narrowing down the considerations
in an assessment.
In developing an information system a longer term perspective
may be critical to your ability to respond quickly.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
KEY ASPECTS IN PLANNING AN AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT
ACCURACY • Determining the level of precision
is a balancing act.
• A key feature is honesty in
reporting.
• A first step is thoroughly
documenting your assumptions
and the basis for your estimates.
• Often analysts use previous
estimates as a basis for projecting
values for the coming year.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
KEY ASPECTS IN PLANNING AN AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT
SKILLS NEEDED
• Selecting appropriate methods
also includes assessing the skills
of your statistical unit or agency.
• The various methods using data
collection and estimations require
many skills.
You need people who can get the information and interpret
what they obtain.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
KEY ASPECTS IN PLANNING AN AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT
RESOURCES AVAILABLE
• time;
• transport for the staff to get to the field;
• financial resources to pay travel and other cash expenses;
• computers and staff to conduct analysis;
• computer software for the analysis.
It is important to assess your resources, such as:
Identify regional resources that may be available and
can complement local resources.
Use the Web.
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
• Food availability is the amount of food that is physically present in a country
or area through all forms of domestic production, stocks, commercial imports
and food aid.
• The Food Balance Sheet describes all the factors which constitute the total
availability of food in a country and allows us to differentiate between the
estimated and the available food (Food Gap).
• Estimating crop and livestock production may contribute to understanding
food availability. This usually implies calculating average yields.
• There are different methods to estimate yields.
• Household level availability is important especially for agricultural
households and can be assessed through periodic large household surveys
and rapid appraisals.
• In planning an availability assessment, you should consider some key
aspects related to time, level of accuracy, skills needed and resources
available.
SUMMARY
Assessing Availability
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Identify the most used availability indicators, at both
national and household level.
Identify the criteria for selecting the appropriate
availability indicators.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Availability indicators identify what aspects to analyse
when you assess food availability in a country.
What are availability indicators?
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
• Availability of basic foods, and their
nutritional components.
Key aspects for understanding availability:
• Location of households, their
livelihood and agro-ecological zones.
•Seasonality in supplies and consumption and
key factors affecting local production of food.
• Factors affecting other sources of supply.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
KEY COMMODITIES FOR CONSUMPTION
The first place to start is
making a list of the key
staples.
Another key thing to
understand is “substitution
of food”.
Which foods are really important to basic consumption?
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS OF BASIC STAPLES
Since diets may change during
the year, kilocalorie availability
may change as well.
Looking at the nutritional content of the food staples helps
link food availability to utilization in human consumption.
A common estimate is availability of
kilocalories, based on the staple
foods available.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
SEASONALITY IN SUPPLIES AND CONSUMPTION
What and how much people eat will vary, based on price
changes, season and geographic area?
There is an “hungry season”
between harvests, when household
stocks have been eaten or sold,
and the new crop isn’t yet ready.
Create a cropping calendar to see
these periods.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
VULNERABILITY OF HOUSEHOLDS
If households depend on a
single source of supply
and that source is no
longer available, they may
be vulnerable, and you
need to highlight that key
availability problem.
The vulnerability to a specific supply or availability problem.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
FACTORS AFFECTING LOCAL SUPPLY
Think of what is produced and what might negatively
affect production (pests, diseases, lack of rainfall...)
Positive factors could be farmers access
to improved inputs, or farmers deciding to
cultivate more land for food crops.
Government reserves may be used at any given point
in time and must be considered as part of availability.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
INFORMATION TO UNDERSTAND AVAILABILITY
FACTORS AFFECTING OTHER SOURCES OF SUPPLY
Trade, food aid and policy aspects are other components
of availability
Availability may be reduced if your government
closes the border to imports or if a neighbour
changes import and export requirements.
Local and sub-regional analysis is needed to
add to the national and household availability
analysis.
It is hard to find an indicator for the policy side, but it should
not be left out of the picture on food availability.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
Some potential indicators which might be used to collect
information on the key aspects of food availability are:
NATIONAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
AVAILABILITY INDICATORS FOR DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
MARKET AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
POTENTIAL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Availability Indicators
33. Screen 33/43
Availability Assessment and Analysis
If you develop a Food Balance Sheet, you will have the
following national availability indicators:
Estimated imports through usual
commercial channels and
announced imports through public
channels (food aid commitments)
Total Gap: difference between
total production and total
consumption needs, which is the
estimated amount needed from
imports (commercial or food aid)
Total production of
food staples (in
metric tonnes or in
kilocalories)
Uncovered Gap: amount that
remains unmet given using
information on imports during a
typical year or the previous year
NATIONAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Availability Indicators
34. Screen 34/43
Availability Assessment and Analysis
The estimated food gap can give a false picture of high
imports needed if supply estimated from production or from
trade are inaccurate.
The Food Balance Sheet is not useful for understanding who
is food insecure.
Strengths
Weaknesses
They are useful at a national level for overall planning and
relatively easy to get estimates.
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
NATIONAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Availability Indicators
35. Screen 35/43
Availability Assessment and Analysis
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
AVAILABILITY INDICATORS FOR DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
To predict production, you can use a combination of
indicators for area planted and potential yield.
Current season’s rainfall pattern
compared to 5 year average (graph by
month, week, or 10-day period)
Use of improved inputs
Damage caused by pests and diseases
Yield estimates Total area planted
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
MARKET AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Markets may provide part of the puzzle on availability.
Road and transport access, road
closures, security problems limiting
transport
Percentage of all weather roads
Stocks held by private
and public sector
Prices and price shifts
for main staples
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
MARKET AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Prices as indicators must be
systematically collected at
identified market levels (wholesale,
retail). They are very rough, as they
combine both supply and demand.
Prices need to be carefully
interpreted.
Data on price of stocks being held by
the private sector may be more
difficult to access, as business people
tend to guard information.
Strengths Weaknesses
Prices as indicators may be
regularly collected and easily
available, at least for the
main markets.
Data on stock being held by
the government should be
available to you without a high
cost.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
POTENTIAL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Household availability may be based strictly on current
stocks of food.
Months of food availability
from own production and
stocks of food staples
Annual
Total kilocalories
produced of basic
staples compared
to total kilocalorie
needs of
household over
the yearSeasonal
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
POTENTIAL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
POTENTIAL AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
• May require survey
research, not quick to collect
and requiring resources.
• Must be put into a context
over time to see changes.
• Must be combined with
access indicators to
understand food insecurity at
the household level.
Strengths Weaknesses
Critical to:
• understand availability
within different
regions of your country;
and
• identify households
with severe threats to
food security.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
SELECTING AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
How to select the best mix of indicators
to understand a specific situation?
A good availability indicator should...
• Be relevant for decision making
• Reflect the reality
• Use resources efficiently
• Reflect seasonal and geographic differences
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
SELECTING AVAILABILITY INDICATORS
Two other valuable qualities of indicators are:
By estimating indicators that are used
by other countries, you can better
understand your own situation and how
availability over a set of countries may
be affected in a crisis.
Indicators are useful for other
purposes. For example, the Food
Balance Sheet is often a multi-agency
effort, with Ministries, agencies and
donors working together.
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
The national indicators are good for understanding the overall situation and
possibility for large-scale disruptions due to a production shortfall.
Completing the basic supply and demanding part of an FBS on a sub-national level
and seasonal basis, give greater detail in the picture of availability and what might
affect it.
Production estimates may be simple trend predictions with modifications for shifts in
yield and area. More elaborate models may be used to forecast production, but that
will require more advanced skills and resources.
At the market level, most of the work will be in the access side of things, but simple
price graphing over time can help to identify availability constraints.
At the household level, knowing how long stocks will last and when the next harvest
will come can be critical indicators of possible food insecurity. If many of your farmers
rely heavily on their own production, you will find production shortfalls good predictors
of stress. Reporting on levels of household stocks and their differences with a typical
year will give policy makers a measure of the availability from own production.
SUMMARY
Availability Indicators
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Availability Assessment and Analysis
Courtesy: These lessons are prepared by
UN FAO and hosted in their website. It is
reproduced for the benefit of our readers
for educational purpose only. Hence any
reproduction of these online lessons for
commercial purpose is prohibited.
Web link: http://www.foodsec.org