This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of key automotive safety standards crucial to modern vehicle development. It focuses on three major ISO standards: ISO 26262 (Functional Safety), ISO 21448 (Safety of the Intended Functionality – SOTIF), and ISO/SAE 21434 (Cybersecurity). The session begins with ISO 26262, detailing its role in ensuring the functional safety of electrical and electronic systems throughout the vehicle lifecycle. Key components like Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA), Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL), and real-world application examples are discussed to highlight its industry relevance.

1. Automotive Safety Standards
ISO 26262, ISO 21448 (SOTIF),
ISO/SAE 21434

2. ISO 26262 Overview
• • Introduced in 2011 (updated in 2018)
• • Ensures functional safety in
electrical/electronic systems in road vehicles
• • Applies to all lifecycle phases: concept to
decommissioning

3. ISO 26262 Key Components
• • Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA)
• • Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASIL A-D)
• • Functional safety concept and technical
safety concept
• • Verification and validation methods

4. ISO 26262 Application Example
• • Example: Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
systems
• • Applied by: Bosch, Continental
• • Ensures the ESC reacts properly in
emergency scenarios

5. ISO 26262 Non-Compliance Impact
• • Increased risk of system failures
• • Legal consequences in case of accidents
• • Loss of consumer trust and OEM liability

6. ISO 21448 (SOTIF) Overview
• • Published in 2019
• • Addresses risks not caused by system
malfunctions
• • Focuses on intended functionality (e.g.,
sensors misinterpreting data)

7. ISO 21448 Key Components
• • Hazard identification from functional
insufficiencies
• • Design validation and testing for unknown
scenarios
• • Mitigation measures for limitations in
perception systems

8. ISO 21448 Application Example
• • Example: Autonomous Emergency Braking
(AEB)
• • Applied by: Tesla, Waymo
• • Ensures safety despite challenging sensor
inputs

9. ISO 21448 Non-Compliance Impact
• • Potential for accidents despite functional
systems
• • Regulatory penalties
• • Negative public perception and recalls

10. ISO/SAE 21434 Overview
• • Published in 2021
• • Focuses on cybersecurity for road vehicles
• • Covers the full lifecycle: concept,
development, operation

11. ISO/SAE 21434 Key Components
• • Threat analysis and risk assessment (TARA)
• • Cybersecurity goals and concept
• • Incident response and updates

12. ISO/SAE 21434 Application
Example
• • Example: In-vehicle communication
networks
• • Applied by: Toyota, BMW
• • Protection against hacking of telematics
systems

13. ISO/SAE 21434 Non-Compliance
Impact
• • Increased vulnerability to cyberattacks
• • Compromised vehicle safety
• • Legal action and data breach penalties