This presentation, held a the final review meeting of the FP7 European TERENCE project, recaps the results of work package 4 (WP4) for generating textual components of educational games, designed according to learner requirements and developed starting from pre-defined frameworks.

1. TERENCE WP4
for reasoning about annotations
and generating textual smart games
Rosella Gennari
KRDB - CS Faculty - UniBZ
http://www.terenceproject.eu
Main contributors: FBK-irst, LUH, UnivAQ, USAL

2. TERENCE WP4
and its deliverables
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.1
D4.2
Sep.
2011
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
WP6
WP4
WP3
STEP 1:
annotate stories with
events, entities and
relations
STEP 2:
reason about
annotations and deduce
further relations
STEP 3:
query annotations
and rank events
STEP 4:
select topranked events
STEP 6:
generate textual
games
STEP 7:
assemble textual
games and
graphical
components
STEP 5:
generate textual information
for events
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

3. TERENCE
WP4
and
its
deliverables
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.1
D4.2
Sep.
2011
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
year
1
year
2
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

4. TERENCE
WP4
and
its
deliverables
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.1
D4.2
Sep.
2011
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
year
1
year
2
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
year
3
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

5. TERENCE
WP4
and
its
deliverables
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.1
D4.2
Sep.
2011
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
year
1
year
2
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
focus
recap
{
1st
release
{
Deliverable
year
3
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

6. TERENCE
WP4
release
1
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Automated
Reasoning
(AR)
about
stories:
-semantics,
-consistency
checking
-deduction
of
non-­‐local
TLINKs
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

7. TERENCE
WP4
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
release
1
Deliverable
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Automated
Reasoning
(AR)
about
stories:
AR
generation
of
textual
games:
-semantics,
-data
structure
from
game
frameworks
-consistency
checking
-deduction
of
non-­‐local
TLINKs
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©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

8. TERENCE
WP4
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
release
1
Deliverable
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Automated
Reasoning
(AR)
about
stories:
AR
generation
of
textual
games:
-semantics,
-data
structure
from
game
frameworks
-consistency
checking
-deduction
of
non-­‐local
TLINKs -population
with
generate-­‐and-­‐test
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(5+7*(1*6",+*/*0+-1'&("12*G"2*("7+H
D01;&%("12*%/2* E+* "7</"0+;* 5+2%+* <0171(+* 0+-1'&("12*,"/*
8%*$35*&"0&"*"()3)%-(+3(2+&"3*-(%(4
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!"#$%&'()"#
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©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

9. TERENCE WP4
release 2
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
-AR generation: from
generate-and-test to generatewith-constraints
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

10. TERENCE WP4
release 2
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
-AR generation: from
generate-and-test to generatewith-constraints
-Natural language generation
components for EN and IT
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

11. TERENCE WP4
release 3
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 1: code optimisation for
the generation workflow
Action 2: analysis of impact on
WP4 of WP7 & re-design
Action 3: documenting in
technical annex to D4.2 and
D4.3
Section 2.1:
The TERENCE
Annotation
Language
Section 2.2:
The TERENCE
Smart Game
Design
Section 2.2:
The Allen Interval
Algebra and
Tractable
Subalgebras
Chapter 3:
Enrichment of
Annotated Stories
Chapter 4:
Generation of
Textual Games
Chapter 5:
Generation of
Game Events and
Who Questions
Chapter 6:
The Importance of
Being Plausible
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

12. TERENCE WP4
release 3
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 1: code optimisation for
the generation workflow
Action 2: analysis of impact on
WP4 of WP7 & re-design
Action 3: documenting in
technical annex to D4.2 and
D4.3
Section 2.1:
The TERENCE
Annotation
Language
Section 2.2:
The TERENCE
Smart Game
Design
Section 2.2:
The Allen Interval
Algebra and
Tractable
Subalgebras
Chapter 3:
Enrichment of
Annotated Stories
Chapter 4:
Generation of
Textual Games
Chapter 5:
Generation of
Game Events and
Who Questions
Chapter 6:
The Importance of
Being Plausible
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

13. TERENCE WP4
release 3
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 1: code optimisation for the generation workflow, e.g.,
-for reasoning about stories,
‣hard consistency checking
‣relaxed consistency checking
-for natural language generation components
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

14. TERENCE WP4
1st
release
2nd
release
3rd
release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August
2013
D4.3
release 3
Deliverable
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 2: (a) analysis of WP7 expert-based evaluation results
He had never been beaten before, since he
only ever raced with kids who were
smaller and slower than him.
He wanted a rematch, so the two boys set
off again. Ben was paddling as fast as he
could, still he didn’t make it to the wall
before Luke. It was completely unfair, he
thought. Luke was so much faster. No
sooner had they climbed out of the water,
than he saw his sister coming down the
steps. She was smiling at Ben and gave
him a playful pat on the shoulder. She also
gave Ben a friendly speech about winners
and losers.
!"#$%&'(")&*'+",-'.$&'*.&#*
revise selection of
central event
revise selection of
solutions
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

15. TERENCE WP4
release 3
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 2: (a) analysis of WP7 expert-based evaluation results, (b) redesign generation components, e.g., for
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

16. TERENCE WP4
release 3
Deliverable
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 2: (a) analysis of WP7 expert-based evaluation results, (b) redesign generation components, e.g., for
revision of AR selection
of central events and
solutions
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

17. TERENCE WP4
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
release 3
Deliverable
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 2: (a) analysis of WP7 expert-based evaluation results, (b) redesign generation components, e.g., for
revision of AR selection
of central events and
solutions
revision of NLG text
text
text
text
text
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

18. TERENCE WP4
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
release 3
Deliverable
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 2: (a) analysis of WP7 expert-based evaluation results, (b) redesign generation components, e.g., for
revision of AR selection
of central events and
solutions
revision of NLG text
overall assessment of
generation
story
games
text
text
+
visual
text
text
text
text
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

19. TERENCE WP4
1st
release
2nd release
3rd release
D4.2
May
2012
November
2012
August 2013
D4.3
release 3
Deliverable
June
2012
December
2012
September
2013
Action 2: (a) analysis of WP7 expert-based evaluation results, (b) redesign generation components, e.g., for
revision of AR selection
of central events and
solutions
revision of NLG text
overall assessment of
generation
story
games
text
text
+
visual
text
text
text
text
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

20. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Selection of central events for games:
>Results:
only in 15 out of 250 cases (6%), it was necessary to select a
different central event than the automatically generated one
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

21. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Selection of central events for games:
>Results:
only in 15 out of 250 cases (6%), it was necessary to select a
different central event than the automatically generated one
>Implications for WP4: none picked up
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

22. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Selection of plausible solutions:
>Results: out of 140 changes of selection of solutions, the majority was for
wrong solutions
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

23. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Selection of plausible solutions:
>Results: out of 140 changes of selection of solutions, the majority was for
wrong solutions
>Implications for WP4: new heuristics for wrong plausible solutions in the
last part of Y3,
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

24. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Selection of plausible solutions:
>Results: out of 140 changes of selection of solutions, the majority was for
wrong solutions
>Implications for WP4: new heuristics for wrong plausible solutions in the
last part of Y3,
-­‐ generate a wrong solution from correct
one by changing participants, e.g.,
<correct_sentence id="2">
The man ran and fell on the ground.
</correct_sentence>
<wrong_sentence id="2wh1">
Peter ran and fell on the ground.
</wrong_sentence>
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

25. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Development times:
>Results for revision time:
-­‐ 12’6” per game instance:
story
games
text
text
+
visual
↑ 12’8” for time games
↓ 10’6” for who games
>Results for creation time:
-­‐ avg. 23” per game instance
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

26. TERENCE smart games
release 3: action 2
Development times:
>Results for revision time:
-­‐ 12’6” per game instance:
story
games
text
text
+
visual
↑ 12’8” for time games
↓ 10’6” for who games
>Results for creation time:
-­‐ avg. 23” per game instance
>Implications
for WP4: the semiautomated development process
seems to be promising for
optimising development times
From D4.2 and D4.3 technical annex
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

27. TERENCE WP4 conclusions
Deliverable
1st release
D4.1
Sep. 2011
D4.2
D4.3
September 2013
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0--123'4
He had never been beaten before, since he
only ever raced with kids who were
smaller and slower than him.
He wanted a rematch, so the two boys set
off again. Ben was paddling as fast as he
could, still he didn’t make it to the wall
before Luke. It was completely unfair, he
thought. Luke was so much faster. No
sooner had they climbed out of the water,
than he saw his sister coming down the
steps. She was smiling at Ben and gave
him a playful pat on the shoulder. She also
gave Ben a friendly speech about winners
and losers.
!"#"$%3&43-1#3$?$-#8E3#&'()%3&43-1#3+#*.'#.E3&()%"*#+)"%
,'-#.*/%&'
3526#73#)#'-
0&'$2$-#'/?3=/:;>
@6A+*'*-&.?
B&+"%&'
2'-#.*/%&'3/&'$-*'-
revise selection of
central event
! data structures
~
framework
(D2.3)
AR1
for stories
AR1 for txt games
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
!
~
AR2 + NLG1 for
txt games
!
~
revise selection of
solutions
AR2 for stories
AR3 + NLG2 for
txt games
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila

28. TERENCE WP4 conclusions
game over ?
Deliverable
1st release
D4.1
Sep. 2011
D4.2
D4.3
September 2013
A+/02+0-* -51&';* 6+(* #/-(+0B* 5+2%+* /* 6/7+* 5/-* /* 7/C"7/'*
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June 2012
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3rd release
May 2012
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0--123'4
He had never been beaten before, since he
only ever raced with kids who were
smaller and slower than him.
He wanted a rematch, so the two boys set
off again. Ben was paddling as fast as he
could, still he didn’t make it to the wall
before Luke. It was completely unfair, he
thought. Luke was so much faster. No
sooner had they climbed out of the water,
than he saw his sister coming down the
steps. She was smiling at Ben and gave
him a playful pat on the shoulder. She also
gave Ben a friendly speech about winners
and losers.
!"#"$%3&43-1#3$?$-#8E3#&'()%3&43-1#3+#*.'#.E3&()%"*#+)"%
,'-#.*/%&'
3526#73#)#'-
0&'$2$-#'/?3=/:;>
@6A+*'*-&.?
B&+"%&'
2'-#.*/%&'3/&'$-*'-
revise selection of
central event
! data structures
~
framework
(D2.3)
AR1
for stories
AR1 for txt games
©
R.
Gennari,
LUB,
<gennari@inf.unibz.it>
!
~
AR2 + NLG1 for
txt games
!
~
revise selection of
solutions
AR2 for stories
AR3 + NLG2 for
txt games
TERENCE
3rd
review
meeting,
27th
Nov
2013,
l’Aquila