Automated Android Malware Detection Using Optimal Ensemble Learning Approach for Cybersecurity. Shakas Technologies ( Galaxy of Knowledge) #11/A 2nd East Main Road, Gandhi Nagar, Vellore - 632006. Mobile : +91-9500218218 / 8220150373| land line- 0416- 3552723 Shakas Training & Development | Shakas Sales & Services | Shakas Educational Trust|IEEE projects | Research & Development | Journal Publication | Email : info@shakastech.com | shakastech@gmail.com | website: www.shakastech.com​ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Shakas-Technologies

1. Base paper Title: Automated Android Malware Detection Using Optimal Ensemble Learning
Approach for Cybersecurity
Modified Title: Cybersecurity: Automatic Android Malware Detection Through the Use of the
Optimal Ensemble Learning Approach
Abstract
Current technological advancement in computer systems has transformed the lives of
humans from real to virtual environments. Malware is unnecessary software that is often
utilized to launch cyberattacks. Malware variants are still evolving by using advanced packing
and obfuscation methods. These approaches make malware classification and detection more
challenging. New techniques that are different from conventional systems should be utilized
for effectively combating new malware variants. Machine learning (ML) methods are
ineffective in identifying all complex and new malware variants. The deep learning (DL)
method can be a promising solution to detect all malware variants. This paper presents an
Automated Android Malware Detection using Optimal Ensemble Learning Approach for
Cybersecurity (AAMD-OELAC) technique. The major aim of the AAMD-OELAC technique
lies in the automated classification and identification of Android malware. To achieve this, the
AAMD-OELAC technique performs data preprocessing at the preliminary stage. For the
Android malware detection process, the AAMD-OELAC technique follows an ensemble
learning process using three ML models, namely Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-
SVM), kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), and Regularized random vector functional
link neural network (RRVFLN). Finally, the hunter-prey optimization (HPO) approach is
exploited for the optimal parameter tuning of the three DL models, and it helps accomplish
improved malware detection results. To denote the supremacy of the AAMD-OELAC method,
a comprehensive experimental analysis is conducted. The simulation results portrayed the
supremacy of the AAMD-OELAC technique over other existing approaches.
Existing System
Cybersecurity is becoming a main area of immediate concern to network engineers and
computer scientists, so satisfying solutions to several problems are in order [1]. Consequently,
the fast technological developments and their inherent integrations in every aspect of lifestyles,
various malware apps, and targets become well-identified and studied [2]. Android malware is

2. the malware variety that gained significant interest in the web world. One common operating
system is Android, which dominates the operating system market [3]. Malware invasive
methods emerge for avoiding identification, as few malware applications have more than 50
parameters that make detection a difficult one [4]. Hence, it is essential to devise techniques
that deal with the continuous growth of Android malware to find it, deactivate or remove it
efficiently. All these difficulties engage scholars in the area and urge them to continue more
research to find malware and manage it properly [5]. Thus, researchers have developed three
mechanisms to find Android malware such as dynamic, static, and hybrid analysis methods.
Static analysis extracts the features that assist in identifying harmful performance for apps
without a demanding actual application deployment [6]. But this kind of analysis suffered from
code obfuscation methods which assist help malware author to avoid static methods. Dynamic
analysis can be used for determining the malware of apps in their runtime [7]. Commonly, the
static analysis feature offers the capability of locating the malware element using source code,
while the dynamic analysis feature offers the capability of finding the location of malware in a
runtime environment. Android developers and users can be exposed to unnecessary risks and
dangers with malware [8]. This study covers malware detection methods. The detection of
malware using the ML model includes Android Application Packages (APKs) for deriving an
appropriate set of features. Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) approaches can be
used for recognizing malicious APKs [9]. Like malware detection, vulnerability detection in
software code has two stages: training ML on derived attributes to find vulnerable code
segments and feature generation utilizing code analysis [10].
Drawback in Existing System
 Improved Accuracy:
Ensemble learning methods, such as Random Forests or Gradient Boosting, often
result in better accuracy compared to individual classifiers. This can enhance the
detection of Android malware by reducing false positives and false negatives.
 Interpretability:
While ensemble methods generally provide high accuracy, they may lack
interpretability compared to simpler models. Understanding why a particular decision

3. was made might be challenging, which is a concern in the context of cybersecurity
where explain ability is crucial.
 Dynamic Nature of Malware:
Malware is constantly evolving, and new variants emerge frequently. The ensemble
learning model might not adapt quickly enough to newly emerging threats without
regular updates and retraining.
 Feature Importance:
Ensemble methods can provide insights into feature importance, helping cyber
security professionals understand which features contribute most to malware detection.
This information can be valuable for refining the feature set.
Proposed System
 Data Collection:
Gather a diverse and representative dataset of Android applications, including both
benign and malicious samples.
 Model Evaluation:
Evaluate the performance of the model on a separate test set, measuring metrics such
as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. Assess the model's ability to handle false
positives and false negatives.
 Integration with Android Security Framework:
Integrate the trained model into the Android security framework for real-time
detection. This may involve collaboration with the Android operating system or third-
party security applications.
 Collaboration with Security Communities:
Engage with cyber security communities to stay informed about the latest threats and
collaborate on improving the detection capabilities of the system.

4. Algorithm
 Data Preprocessing:
Normalization and Scaling:
Algorithms such as Min-Max scaling or StandardScaler can be applied to normalize
and scale features.
Imputation:
Handle missing data using imputation methods such as mean imputation.
 Ensemble Learning Models:
Random Forest:
A popular ensemble learning algorithm that uses multiple decision trees.
Gradient Boosting:
Algorithms like XGBoost, AdaBoost, or LightGBM can be used for boosting-based
ensemble learning.
 Feature Extraction:
Static Analysis:
Permission-based Features: Identify and extract Android app permissions.
Manifest Analysis: Extract information from the AndroidManifest.xml file.
Code Analysis: Extract features from the app's code using static analysis tools.
Dynamic Analysis:
API Call Monitoring: Use dynamic analysis to monitor API calls during app
execution.
Advantages
 Improved Accuracy:
Ensemble learning combines multiple models, reducing the risk of overfitting and
improving overall accuracy. By aggregating the predictions of different models, the
system can achieve higher precision and recall in detecting both known and unknown
malware.

5.  Feature Importance Analysis:
Ensemble learning algorithms can provide insights into the importance of different
features in the detection process. This analysis helps cybersecurity professionals
understand the characteristics of malware, contributing to the refinement of the feature
set and better interpretability of the system.
 Adaptability to Evolving Threats:
The dynamic nature of malware requires continuous adaptation of detection models.
Ensemble learning systems can be easily updated with new data, allowing them to adapt
to emerging threats and maintain high detection rates over time.
 Parallel Processing:
Some ensemble learning algorithms, such as Random Forest, support parallel
processing. This can lead to faster training times and real-time detection, making the
system more responsive to potential threats.
Software Specification
 Processor : I3 core processor
 Ram : 4 GB
 Hard disk : 500 GB
Software Specification
 Operating System : Windows 10 /11
 Frond End : Python
 Back End : Mysql Server
 IDE Tools : Pycharm