This document provides information about autism spectrum disorders, including the criteria for an autism diagnosis and common characteristics. It discusses three key areas of impairment in social interaction and communication that are used to diagnose autism. The document also summarizes some differences seen in the brains of individuals with autism and provides learning characteristics and strategies teachers can use, such as visual schedules, visual supports, social stories, and a 5-point scale to help students understand emotions and behaviors. Examples are given to illustrate how these strategies can be applied.
Autism is a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three
Why do children with autism need special care in the first place?Children with autism are different. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others. Some of the behaviors associated with autism include
•delayed learning of language
•difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation
•narrow or intense interests
•poor motor skills
•sensory sensitivities
Autism is a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three
Why do children with autism need special care in the first place?Children with autism are different. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disability; signs typically appear during early childhood and affect a person’s ability to communicate, and interact with others. Some of the behaviors associated with autism include
•delayed learning of language
•difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation
•narrow or intense interests
•poor motor skills
•sensory sensitivities
Topic 10 - Autism, Asperger's and ADHD 2010Simon Bignell
Topic 10 - Autism, Asperger's and ADHD.
Autism, Asperger's and ADHD.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments in social interaction, imaginative thought and communication. Some say that Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates and relates with other people.
Internationally and in our home countries, the number of students on the autism spectrum is increasing. In fact, in some estimates, the numbers are 1 in 45! At ISB, we have students on the autism spectrum at each division. How can we best serve our students with ASD? To answer this question, we’ll delve into the basics of autism. What is it and what does current research tell us about it? Lori Boll will share her experiences as both the parent of a child with ASD and as a special educator with experience teaching children with mild to profound special needs. You should walk out of this workshop with some new strategies for your tool belt in working with these incredible students.
Teachers need to be aware of the autism spectrum disorder range and must be aware of what to expect from this population and how to teach appropriately to these students.
Definition, characteristics and challenging behaviors in students with autism. It also gives a brief introduction to positive behavior support interventions.
Topic 10 - Autism, Asperger's and ADHD 2010Simon Bignell
Topic 10 - Autism, Asperger's and ADHD.
Autism, Asperger's and ADHD.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
Autism is characterized by a triad of impairments in social interaction, imaginative thought and communication. Some say that Autism is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how a person communicates and relates with other people.
Internationally and in our home countries, the number of students on the autism spectrum is increasing. In fact, in some estimates, the numbers are 1 in 45! At ISB, we have students on the autism spectrum at each division. How can we best serve our students with ASD? To answer this question, we’ll delve into the basics of autism. What is it and what does current research tell us about it? Lori Boll will share her experiences as both the parent of a child with ASD and as a special educator with experience teaching children with mild to profound special needs. You should walk out of this workshop with some new strategies for your tool belt in working with these incredible students.
Teachers need to be aware of the autism spectrum disorder range and must be aware of what to expect from this population and how to teach appropriately to these students.
Definition, characteristics and challenging behaviors in students with autism. It also gives a brief introduction to positive behavior support interventions.
This presentation share how to teach individuals with autism in inclusive settings in core content areas as well as providing social and behavior supports
Storytimes for Children on the Austism SpectrumBeth Crist
Learn about Autism Spectrum Disorder and how to create sensory storytimes for young children on the autism spectrum. Also this is a great webinar for any library wishing to make all storytimes more inclusive for all children.
Workshop presented by Jeanne Hopkins, Department Chair & Professor of Early Childhood Development, Tidewater Community College, and Amanda Raymond, Disability Awareness Advocate, published author, parent of two children with autism. For more information e-mail jehopkins@tcc.edu.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ocular injury ppt Upendra pal optometrist upums saifai etawah
Autism training-powerpoint
1. Autism Spectrum Disorders
• Autism
• Characteristics
• Strategies
• Child in Crisis
• Curriculum and Materials
• Additional Resources and Information
2. What is autism?
Criteria for diagnosis of autism?
1. qualitative impairment in social interaction
• impairment in the use of nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-
eye gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to
regulate social interaction
• failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to
developmental level
• a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or
achievements with other people (e.g., by lack of showing,
brining, or pointing out objects of interest)
• lack of social or emotional reciprocity
2. qualitative impairment in communication
• delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language
(without trying to compensate through alternative modes of
communication such as gesture or mime)
3. What is autism?
• in individual with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to
initiate or sustain a conversation with others
• lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play
appropriate to developmental level
• stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
3. restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests,
and activities
• encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted
patterns of interest that is abnormal in intensity or focus
• apparently inflexible adherence to specific, non-functional routines or rituals
• stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping
or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
• persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
(American Psychiatric Association (2000), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 th Edition, Text Revision)
4. Autism
Differences in the brain include:
•Changes in the amaygdala – regulating emotional responses
•Cerebellum – regulating movement, balance, coordination
•Cerebral cortex
(Autism 101: Through the Looking Glass)
Facts:
•Rate of autism is 1 in 150
•4:1 ratio of autism in boys to girls
(http://www.autismspeaks.org)
5. Characteristics of Autism
LEARNING CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTISM
• concrete- difficulty thinking abstract (autistic children typically can’t pretend or
imagine something that isn’t real or couldn’t really happen)
• over selectivity- cue in or attend to irrelevant detail miss the main point of
task/activity
• lack of generalization- learn in one place, can’t do in another
• same content/same context- learn skill in one environment/place change aspect of
place, can’t do task
• distractibility- easy to tune into something else
• visual/spatial- learn by seeing and doing rather than hearing; difficulty processing
language
• ritualistic- learn pattern one way, hard to change
• motivation- Different from peers or what others would want
6. Classroom Strategies
Talking to a child with autism:
•Attention: make sure you get the child’s attention before talking to
them.
•Unnecessary Language: be short and to the point (For example,
instead of saying, You need to come and sit in your seat like all the
other children until it’s time to go outside,” point to the chair and say,
“Sit please.”
•Do vs. Don’t: Tell the child what you want him/her to do instead of
what not to do. Avoid using don’t because a child with autism may not
understand or catch the reversed meaning of the statement beginning
with don’t.
(Crissey, 2005, p. 3)
7. Classroom Strategies
• Visual Schedules
• Visuals
• Social Stories
• 5 point scale
• Comic Strip Conversations/Cartooning
• Power Cards
8. Visual Schedule
Providing a daily schedule in a visual format will make the day
predictable, ease transitions, and reduce stress.
• full day, may break the day into sections, or display only a part of
the day at a time.
• may use photos, line drawings, picture symbols or words
(Crissey, 2005, p. 3).
11. Visuals
Other types of visual supports include:
• reminders of what to do, such as posted rules
• “to do” checklists,
• charts displaying consequences for inappropriate actions.
Visually displaying free time or other choices helps the child to understand the
process of decision making.
Presenting a card is often easier for the child than asking for help. Using simple
cue cards for the child to give to an adult or to place in a certain location may be
helpful.
(Crissey, 2005, p. 4)
I need help I need a
break
12. 5 Point Scale
•visual scale
•used to help students reduce abstract ideas such as emotions,
feelings, or pain into simple numbers
•can also be used to address behaviors such as vocal volume,
disrespect, etc.
•can be used to help student identify where they can use certain
behaviors. (e.g. vocal volume level 5 is reserved for outside or
in an extreme emergency when there is no one near by that can
hear you)
13. Example
Michael is a 5th grader with autism. He is very soft spoken and often
difficult to understand. He is frequently asked to repeat things
because he is so difficult to understand. He is prompted constantly to
“speak louder”, however, every time he is called on the teacher has to
ask him to speak up again.
A 5 point scale was created for him to use to measure vocal volume
and since it is been in place the teacher no longer says “speak up”.
Instead she uses phrases such as, “Say it at a 3!” or “Keep it at a 2!”
In addition, she will use a visual and point the volume level she wants
Michael to use.
14. Example
The scale: What it looks like:
Yelling
(sirens, shouting, screaming, fire alarm)
Loud
(announcements over the intercom)
Conversation
(friends talking, easy to hear but not too loud)
Whisper
(have to be really close to hear, talk into ear)
No sound
(peaceful)
15. Example
“Colton is in the 6th grade. He has problems getting along in school.
He likes to be in control and gets upset if he perceives something is
wrong. For example, if someone cuts in line he may feel compelled
to punish that person by kicking or hitting them. Colton’s ability to
control his behavior varies from day to day. Colton enjoys school
despite having challenges with others who do not follow his way of
thinking”
(Buron & Curtis, 2003, p. 26).
16. Example
Looks Feels I Can
Like Like Try to
Kicking or hitting My head will Call my mom to go
explode home
Screaming or hitting Nervous Go see Mr.
Peterson
Quiet, rude talk Bad mood, grumpy Stay away from kids
Regular kid Good Enjoy it
Playing A million bucks Stay that way
17. Social Stories
Social Stories present appropriate social behavior in the form
of a book and include:
• relevant social cues that a child might miss if not directly taught
• specific behaviors/actions the child is to expect in a given situation
• details for the child to know what is expected of him
Social stories may be used to:
• address many different behaviors from fear, aggression, obsession, etc
• teach routines and changes in routines
• help teach students to understand their behaviors and the behaviors of
others
• give step-by-step directions for completing a task
• tell how to respond to a given situation
18. Writing a Social Story
Social stories include the following information:
1. who, what, and where
2. Statement of desired responses
3. Reaction and feelings of others involved
• social stories need to be age and ability appropriate and use
terms like “usually” or “sometimes” instead of “always”
• Social stories are typically written in present tense to describe
events as the take place, but may be written to describe events
that will take place in the future.
• Illustrations may be included depending on the need of the
student.
19. Presenting Social Stories
•Present the social story in a quiet place that is free from distractions
•Reread social story just before targeted situation
•Review social story frequently until behavior diminishes
•Keep the social story accessible to the student so he/she can refer
back to it as needed.
•Never refer to the social story or attempt using the social story
when the child is in crisis/having a meltdown.
20. Example
My Grown-Up Voice
When I need help, I will raise my hand and wait for Ms. McKenney and Mr.
Jones to call on me.
When Ms. McKenney calls on me, I will use my grown-up voice to ask for
help. I will not whine or make noises.
If I don’t understand something, I will use my grown-up voice and ask for
help.
I can say, “Excuse me Ms. McKenney, what did you say?”
Then Ms. McKenney might say, “What nice manners you have Bill, and
thank you for using your grown-up voice. I will be happy to repeat what I
said.”
When I make noises, my friends can not hear Ms. McKenney teaching. My
noises hurt their ears.
21. When I was a baby, I would whine or make noises when I needed
something, because I didn’t know how to talk. I am a big boy now and I
know how to talk, so I can use my grown-up voice. I do not whine or make
noises to get attention.
Ms. McKenney and Mr. Jones like it when I use my grown-up voice. My
voice is so nice when I don’t whine. My teachers smile and say, “What a
nice voice you have, Bill. We are so happy to hear your nice voice.”
When I whine or make noises it hurts others ears, but when I use my
grown-up voice, it sounds nice to others.
Everyone is happy when I use my grown-up voice.
I like using my grown-up voice.
22. Comic Strip
Conversations/Cartooning
Comic Strip Conversations (aka: Cartooning) are visual systems used to
enhance the ability of children and youth with social-cognitive challenges to
understand their environment, including the hidden curriculum.
Steps for creating/using comic strip conversations:
•Drawing: Begin by drawing the drawing the comic strip conversation. This
can be done by you or the student. Either way, artistic ability is not required;
stick figures work fine.
•Guide with questions: The adult guides the student’s drawing or what
needs to be drawn by asking a series of questions:
•Where are you?
•Who else is there?
•What did you do?
•What did others do
(Myles, Trautman, & Schelvan, 2004, p. 28-29)
23. •Insight: The adult shares his/her personal insights during the cartooning
process when the natural opportunity occurs. (NOTE: student should have
as much control as possible during the cartooning session and adults
should strive to “achieve a balance between gathering insights into the
student’s perspective, while sharing accurate social information.”
•Provide sequence or structure: Use comic strip boxes in which the
student can draw the figures, particularly if the student has organizational
problems. This way boxes can be numbered if the events are drawn out of
sequence.
•Summarize the cartoon: This allows participants to discuss the comic
strip in chronological order. The student should verbalize independently, as
much as possible, with the adult only clarifying as needed. Summarization
ensures that both the child and the adult have the same understanding of a
given situation.
•Identify new solutions: The adult and student work together, again with
the student performing as independently as possible, to identify new
outcomes of the pictured event. The adult and student jointly analyze each
item, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The student
retains the list, which becomes a plan for future situations.
(Myles, Trautman, & Schelvan, 2004, p. 28-29)
26. Social Stories/Comic Strip
Conversations
Social stories and Comic Strip Conversations are techniques that were
created by Carol Gray. For more information about these techniques and
their creator visit: www.thegraycenter.org.
27. Power Cards
The power card strategy is a visual aid that incorporates the child’s
special interest in teaching appropriate social interactions including:
• routines
• behavior expectations
• the meaning of language
• the hidden curriculum.
The Power Card Strategy consists of presenting on a single sheet or in
booklet form a short scenario, written in the first person, describing how
the child’s hero solves a problem and a small card, the POWER CARD,
which recaps how the child can use the same strategy to solve a
similar
problem himself.
(Gagnon, 2001, p. 19)
28. Components:
•A brief scenario using the student’s hero or special interest and the
behavior or situation that is difficult for the child. The scenario is written
at the individual’s comprehension level.
In the first paragraph, the hero or role model attempts a solution to the
problem and experiences success. The second paragraph encourages
the student to try out the new behavior, which is broken down into three
to five manageable steps.
•The POWER CARD is the size of a trading card, bookmark, or
business card. It contains a small picture of the special interest and the
solutions to the problem behavior or situation broken down into three to
five steps. The POWER CARD is provided to aid in generalization. It
can be carried in a purse, wallet or pocket or it can be velcroed inside a
book, notebook, or locker. It may also be placed on the corner of a
student’s desk.
(Gagnon, 2001, p. 21)
29. Where Can the Power Card Strategy Be Used?
Power Cards are appropriate for behaviors/situations in which the student:
1. lacks understanding of what she/he is to do.
2. does not understand that he has choices.
3. has difficulty understanding that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between
a specific behavior and its consequence.
4. has difficulty remembering what to do without a prompt.
5. does not understand the perspective of others.
6. knows what to do when calm but cannot follow a give routine under stress.
7. needs a visual reminder to recall the behavioral expectation for the situation.
8. has difficulty generalizing.
9. is difficult to motivate and may be motivated only by the special interest.
10. has difficulty accepting directions from an adult
(Gagnon, 2001, p. 21-22)
30.
31. Example
Student Description:
Aaron has been acting out in class and seeking attention from his
peers by saying or blurting out inappropriate comments in class. He
likes the attention he gets from his peers for doing this and he thinks
he’s being accepted when his peers laugh at him for doing this.
Aaron’s special interest is Nascar and he especially likes Nascar driver,
Jeff Gordon.
Power Card Story:
“Jeff Gordon and His Fans”
Jeff Gordon loves being a race car driver, but sometimes it is
difficult for him to think before he speaks. At the end of a long day
sometimes all he wants to do is make others laugh. Sometimes Jeff
blurts things out when his boss is talking. But Jeff has learned to think
before he speaks. Jeff has learned it is important not to talk when his
boss is talking and not to say things to try and make others laugh
32. when his boss is trying to talk to his pit crew and teach them the latest
NASCAR rules and regulations. Jeff has learned to stop and think
about the comments he makes before speaking.
Just like Jeff, it is important for Aaron to think before he
speaks. It would make Jeff proud to know that Aaron is like him and
that he thinks before he speaks and doesn’t interrupt his teachers in
class. It is important for Aaron to remember to do the following:
1. Think before he speaks. Say it in your head first before
saying it out loud. If it’s not related to what the teacher is
teaching then Aaron shouldn’t say out loud in class.
2. If Aaron can’t think of something to say about the teacher’s
lesson, it’s better for him not to say anything at all.
3. Always follow the classroom rules and raise your hand
before you speak.
33. 1. Think before he speaks. Say it in your
head first before saying it out loud. If it’s
not related to what the teacher is teaching
then Aaron shouldn’t say out loud in class.
2. If Aaron can’t think of something to say
about the teacher’s lesson, it’s better for
him not to say anything at all.
3. Always follow the classroom rules and
raise your hand before you speak.
34. Calm in Crisis/
How to Handle a Meltdown
Don’t:
•Loud voices
•Negative statements/threats (e.g. “You had your chance”, “You made your choice,
now you need to leave class”)
•Taking away preferred or comforting materials or activities
•Physical redirection
•Angry tone or body language
•Punishments (e.g., “You just lost your sticker on your behavior chart)
Do:
One of the most important skills a teacher can have is the ability to be clam and
comforting in a crisis or “meltdown” situation. A comforting teacher may:
•talk softly and share encouraging words
•repeat a calming phrase
•or simply keep one’s own body relaxed
(Kluth)
“The more you try to control the situation, the less control you will have!”
35. Things to Consider:
It’s important to consider the following things:
•Fight or Flight
•Ask previous teachers and/or parents what typically occurs when the child has a
meltdown (does he/she throw things, hit, kick, etc.)
•Find out if there are triggers or warning signs that a meltdown might occur and if so
what are those triggers or warning signs
•Talk with teachers, parents, administrators, etc and discuss the best way to
deescalate the situation
•Determine when you should call for additional support
36. Have a Plan
Plan for what the other students should do (Drill and Practice):
Examples:
Develop a code word for clearing the room. Discuss this with your
class when the student is out of the room.
Develop a place they should go when they leave the room (e.g.
classroom across the hall, library, etc).
Designate a student who will go to the office, get another teacher,
etc. to notify someone
Make sure that everyone involved with the student is aware of the
plan
37.
38. Curriculum and Materials
• Super Skills: A Social Skills Group Program for Children with
Aspergers Syndrome, High Functioning Autism and Related
Challenges By: Judith Coucouvanis (ISBN#: 1-931282-67-6)
• Navigating the Social World: A Curriculum for Individuals with
Asperger’s Syndrome, High Functioning Autism and Related Disorders
By: Jeanette McAfee, M.D. (ISNB#: 1-885477-82-1)
• Power Cards: Using Special Interests to Motivate Children and Youth
with Asperger Syndrome and Autism By: Elisa Gagnon (ISBN#:1-
931282-01-3)
• The Incredible 5-Point Scale: Assisting students with autism spectrum
disorders in understanding social interactions and controlling their
emotional responses By Kari Dunn Buron and Mitzi Curtis (ISBN#:1-
931282-52-8)
• The Hidden Curriculum: Practical Solutions for Understanding
Unstated Rules in Social Situations By: Brenda Smith Myles, Melissa L.
Trautman, and Ronda L. Schelvan (ISBN#: 1-931282-60-9)
• Practical Solutions to Everyday Challenges for Children with Asperger
Syndrome By: Haley Morgan Myles (ISBN#:1-931282-15-3)
40. References:
Gagnon, E. (2001). Power Cards: Using Special Interests to Motivate Children and Youth with Asperger
Syndrome and Autism. Kansas: Autism Asperger Publishing Co. pp. 19-22.
Buron, K.D. & Curtis, M. (2003). The Incredible 5-Point Scale. Kansas: Autism Asperger Publishing Co.
Crissey, P. (2005). I Have Autism: A Child’s First Look at Autism. Super Duper Publications
Myles, B.S., Trautman, M.L. & Schelvan, R.L. (2004). The Hidden Curriculum: Practical Solutions for
Understanding Unstated Rules in Social Situations. Kansas: Autism Asperger Publishing Co.
Paula Kluth: Calm in Crisis. 6 October 2008. http://www.paulakluth.com/articles/calmincrisis.html
Autism Speaks: Be Informed. 24 October 2008.http://www.autismspeaks.org/whatisit/index.php?
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