The document provides detailed guidelines and examples for citing sources using the author-date citation system, as per the Chicago Manual of Style, covering various types of references such as books, journal articles, and websites. It includes insights on financial performance comparisons between Marriott International and Hilton Hotel, highlighting their balance sheets, profit statements, and cash flow analyses for the year 2018. The document also evaluates grading criteria for assignments based on adherence to instructions, quality of writing, application of course concepts, and integration of external materials.

1. Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate citations using the author-
date system. Each example of a reference list entry is
accompanied by an example of a corresponding parenthetical
citation in the text. For more details and many more examples,
see chapter 15 of The Chicago Manual of Style. For examples of
the same citations using the notes and bibliography system,
click on the Notes and Bibliography tab above.
Book
One author
Pollan, Michael. 2006. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural
History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin.
In Text:
(Pollan 2006, 99–100)
Two or more authors
Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. 2007. The War: An Intimate
History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf.
In Text:
(Ward and Burns 2007, 52)
For four or more authors, list all of the authors in the reference
list; in the text, list only the first author, followed by et al.
(“and others”) in the in-text citation.
Ex: (Barnes et al. 2010)
Chapter or other part of a book

2. Kelly, John D. 2010. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax
Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology
and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly,
Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
In Text:
(Kelly 2010, 77)
Book published electronically
If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version
you consulted. For books consulted online, list a URL; include
an access date only if one is required by your publisher or
discipline (not necessary for political science). If no fixed page
numbers are available, you can include a section title or a
chapter or other number.
Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin
Classics. Kindle edition.
Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’
Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
In-Text:
(Austen 2007)
(Kurland and Lerner, chap. 10, doc. 19)
Journal article
Article in a print journal

3. In the text, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In
the reference list entry, list the page range for the whole article.
Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.”
Classical Philology 104:439–58.
In Text:
(Weinstein 2009, 440)
Article in an online journal
Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one.
A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to
http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will
lead to the source. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an
access date only if one is required by your publisher or
discipline (political science does not).
Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. 2009. “Origins of
Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal
of Sociology 115:405–50. Accessed February 28, 2010.
doi:10.1086/599247.
In Text:
(Kossinets and Watts 2009, 411)
Article in a newspaper or popular magazine
Newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in running text
(“As Sheryl Stolberg and Robert Pear noted in a New York
Times article on February 27, 2010, . . .”), and they are
commonly omitted from a reference list. The following
examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If you
consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access
date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. (Political
Science does not). If no author is identified, begin the citation

4. with the article title.
Mendelsohn, Daniel. 2010. “But Enough about Me.” New
Yorker, January 25.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. 2010. “Wary Centrists
Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times,
February 27. Accessed February 28, 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
In Text:
(Mendelsohn 2010, 68)
(Stolberg and Pear 2010)
Book review
Kamp, David. 2006. “Deconstructing Dinner.” Review of The
Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals, by
Michael Pollan. New York Times, April 23, Sunday Book
Review.
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html
.
In Text:
(Kamp 2006)
Website
A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention
in the text (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation
listed on its website . . .”). If a more formal citation is desired,
it may be styled as in the examples below. Because such content
is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a
date that the site was last modified. In the absence of a date of
publication, use the access date or last-modified date as the
basis of the citation.

5. Google. 2009. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March
11. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
McDonald’s Corporation. 2008. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy
Safety Facts.” Accessed July 19.
http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
In Text:
(Google 2009)
(McDonald’s 2008)
Balance sheet
31st December ,2018
Unit: billion dollars
marriott
hiton
Liquid assets
2.706
1.983
Cash and short-term investment
0.316
0.484
Short-term accounts receivable
2.133
1.17
inventory
--
--
Other liquid assets
0.257
0.329

6. Illiquid assets：
20.99
12.012
Net assets of plant and equipment
1.956
0.367
Total investment and advance
0.732
--
Long-term accounts receivable
0.125
--
Intangible assets
17.419
11.316
Deferred tax assets
0.171
0.09
Other assets
0.587
0.239
Total assets
23.696
13.995
Current liabilities
6.437
2.615
Short-term liabilities(
0.833
0.016
Accounts payable
0.767
0.282
Income tax payable
--
0.019

7. Other current liabilities
4.837
2.297
Non-current liabilities
15.034
10.822
Long-term liabilities：
8.514
7.266
Report risks and expense
0.131
1.114
Deferred tax liabilities
0.485
0.898
Other liabilities
5.904
1.544
Total liabilities
21.471
13.437
Total equity
2.225
0.551
Non-equity reserves
--
--
Preferred stock- book value
0
0
Common equity (totality)
2.225
0.551
Accumulated minority interests
--
0.007

8. Total equity
2.225
0.558
Totality of liability and shareholder equity
23.696
13.995
Balance sheet analysis
1.From the balance sheet analysis we can know that：
（1）The largest asset of Marriott international is intangible
asset, which represents 17.419 billion dollars, and the largest
debt is long-term debt, which represents 8.514 billion dollars.
（2）The largest asset of Hilton hotel is also intangible asset,
which represents 11.316 billion dollars, and their largest debt is
also long-time debt, which represents 7.266 billion dollars.
2.（1）The total asset of Marriott international is 23.696 billion
dollars, among which 2.225 billion dollars belongs to the
owners, accounting 9.39 percent and 21.471 billion dollars
belongs to creditors, accounting for 91.61 percent.
Profit statement
Marriott international
Hilton
Unit: m-million b-billion dollars
2018/12/31
2017/12/31
2018/12/31
2017/12/31
Gross revenue
20.758b
22.894b
8.906b
9.14b
Operating cost
17.310b
19.482b

9. 6.98b
7.278b
Gross profit
3.448b
3.412b
1.926b
1.862b
Sales management and administrative expenses
0.927b
0.894b
0.494b
0.49b
Other operating expenses
--
--
51m
56m
pretax interest
2.521b
2.518b
1.432b
1.372b
Non-operating revenue/expenditure
319m
765m
21m
4m
Non-recurring revenue/expenditure
155m
159m
9m
48m
Interest expenses
340m
288m
266m

10. 398m
Pretax net profit
2.345b
2.836b
1.078b
0.930b
Income tax
0.438b
1.464b
309b
-0.334b
Other post tax adjustment
--
--
--
--
Profit interest of joint agency company
--
--
--
--
Consolidated net assests
1.907b
1.372b
0.769b
1.264b
Equity expenses of minority shareholder-
--
--
5m
5m
Net profit
1.907b
1.372b
0.764b
1.259b

11. Preferred stock dividend
--
--
--
--
Net profit of disposable income
1.907b
1.372b
0.764b
1.259b
Earnings per share
5.45b
3.66b
2.53b
3.89b
Diluted earnings per share
5.38b
3.61b
2.5b
3.85b
EBITDA
2.805b
2.808b
1.757b
1.719b
Profit statement analysis:
1.In accordance with the statement of income, we can draw
conclusions from the analysis:
（1）The majority of expenditure of Marriott international lies
in the cost of operation, which amounts to 17.31 billion dollars.
（2）The majority of expenditure of Hilton hotel goes to the cost
of operation too, which amounts to 6.98 billion dollars.
2. Compared to the data regarding circumstances of 2017, there
are normal and discontinued items for both Marriott
international and Hilton hotel.

12. 3.Through the comparison of net profits of these two companies
in the year of 2017 and 2018, we can know that:
（1）The net profit of Marriott international in the year of 2018
has seen slight growth of 535 million dollars from 1.372 billion
dollars in 2017 to 1.907 billion dollars in 2018.
（2）While the net profit of Hilton hotel has dropped from 1.259
billion dollars to 764 million dollars, a quite substantial
decrease of profit.
Statement of cash flows
31st December,2018
Unit: m-million, b-billion dollars
Marriott international
Hilton hotel
Net profit
1.907b
0.769b
Depreciation loss and amortization
284m
325,
Deferred tax and investment tax cut
-239m
-14m
Other operating funds
481m
82m
Operation funds
2.433b
1.162b
Special items
--
--
Changes of operating items
-76m
93m

13. Cash flow of operating
2.537b
1.255b
Asset flow-out
-556m
-159m
Net assets from acquisition
--
--
Revenue of fixed assets and sales business
479m
--
Net investment sales
35m
--
Non-cash item
-10m
28m
Cash flow of investment
-52m
-131m
Cash dividend
-543m
-181m
Changes in capital stock
--2.846b
-1.721b
Issuance/cut net liability
1120m
650m
Other financing funds
-105m
-48m
Financing cash flow
-2.374b
-1.3b

14. Exchange rate impact
--
-10 m
Funds for other items
--
--
Net cash flow
-69m
-186m
Free cash flow
1.801b
1.183b
Statement of cash flows:
1. From the statement of cash flows, we can know that: items
that are relevant to cash flows of operation include depreciation
loss and amortization, deferred tax and investment tax credit,
other funds for operating, cost of operation and changes in
working capital. Besides, all transaction activities are fair.
2.Cash flows of operating for both two companies are higher
than their net profits, which demonstrates that cash flows of
their operating are sufficient and they are both potential in
earning much more profits.
3.There are flow-in and flow-out in cash flows of investment
for both Marriott international and Hilton hotel:
（1）For Marriott international, there was 556 million dollars of
cash flows of investment that was used for capital expenditure,
and ten million dollars was used for no cash items. Fixed assets
and sales of business have produced cash flows of 479 million
dollars. The cash flow brought by investment business was35
million dollars. The total amount of cash flows of investment
has seen a deficit of 52 million dollars.
（2）There was 159 million dollars in the cash flow of
investment has been used for capital expenditure. Cash flow
produced by non-cash items was 28 million dollars. The total
amount of cash flow of investment has seen a deficit of 131
million dollars.

15. 4. Both Marriott international and Hilton hotel have seen a
flow-in and flow-out of financing cash flow.
（1）543 million dollars of financing cash flow of Marriott
international has been issued as cash dividend. 2.846 million
dollars of financing cash flow of the company has been put into
changes in equity values.105 million dollars of financing cash
flow has been used as other financing funds.1.12 billion dollars
has been brought about by the issuance of debts. The total
amount of financing cash flow has seen a deficit of 2.374
billion dollars in the year of 2018.
（2）181 million dollars of financing cash flow of Hilton hotel
has been issued as cash dividend. 1.721 billion dollars of
financing cash flow of the company has been put into changes
in equity. 48 million dollars of financing cash flow has been
used as other financing funds. 650 million dollars of cash flow
has been produced by the issuance of debts. The total amount of
financing cash flow has seen a deficit of 1.3 billion dollars.
Stock market capitalization:
Stock values reflected from the internet show that：
1. The value of each stock of Marriott international at the
present reaches 143.24 dollars.
2. The value of each stock of Hilton hotel in the current reaches
109.57 dollars.
Return on owners equity
· The return on equity for Marriott in 2018 is 85.7%.. In
contrast Hilton has a ROE of 1.387. therefore Hilton has a
Fatal Flaw Low Competency Competent Proficient
Points Below 10 10-14 15-19 20
Tech. Instructions,
Grammar, and
Citations (Works
Cited)

16. Over 5 spelling errors and
poor grammar throughout,
fails to follow instructions
and poor/missing citations
3-5 spelling errors and poor
grammar in some areas, fails to
follow all instructions and incorrect
citations
2-3 Minor spelling and grammar
errors, instructions followed
inconsistently and some problems
with citations
No spelling or grammar errors,
follows instructions and correct
citations included throughout, paper
is not a re-write
Points Below 15 15-19 20-25 26-30
Course Concepts
Misapplies concepts
throughout, uses concepts
incorrectly with lack of
definitions or incorrect
definitions
Misapplies concepts in some areas,
uses concepts poorly with minimal
organization and/or fails to define
correctly, explanations are simple
and/or poorly done

17. Applies course concepts with
competent command, applying ideas
with some clarity though lacking
some detail and full explanation
Applies concepts and course material
with depth and complexity,
illustrates proficiency and creativity
in applying and comparing ideas,
paper is not a re-write
Points Below 15 15-19 20-25 26-30
Depth
Misses or fails to answer
major aspects of
assignment, lack of
organization/cohesion
throughout
Misses or fails to answer some
aspects of assignment, poor use of
organization or lack of
organization/cohesion in some
areas
Answers most aspects with clear
explanations in some areas but not
all, competent organization and
cohesion
Answers all aspects of assignment
fully with detailed explanations,
organization and originality, paper is

18. not a re-write
Below 10 10-14 15-19 20
Integration of
Course Readings
and Material
Fails to include quotes or
uses material incorrectly
with a lack of
integration/competence
Uses a few quotes or outside
material, exhibiting some
competence, lacking consistency
and thoughtful integration
Uses some quotes and other material
competently, exhibiting some
creativity in its use though with a
lack of seamless integration
Uses quotes and other material with
seamless integration, exhibiting
novel/original thinking
Late Paper Grading Point Deduction Taken
More than one month 20-25 points
Between 3 and 4 weeks 17-20pts
Between 2 and 3 weeks 12-17 pts
Between 1 and 2 weeks 10-12 pts
Less than one week 3-10 pts
Please note this rubric in no way determines or is related to
course letter grades.

19. Fatal Flaw Papers must be re-written 2 weeks after being
handed back and will be graded as a re-write.
First Critical Essay: Marx and Marcuse
Pick one essay topic to write on, the minimum length for this
assignment is 5 pages. This means that your analysis should fill
5 full pages (using a minimum of 2250 words), adhering to the
technical instructions outlined in the guidelines for writing
assignments available in Blackboard. Do not go over 5 pages.
Make sure that you read the topic carefully, considering the
potential implications and major issues that need to be attended
to in order to provide a complete answer.
Option 1. At one point Marcuse notes: “People recognize
themselves in their commodities; they find their soul in their
automobiles, hi-fi set, split-level home, kitchen equipment. The
very mechanism which ties the individual to his society has
changed, and social control is anchored in the new needs which
it has produced.”
Clearly both Marx and Marcuse believe that commodity culture
is key in understanding the way capitalism ties individuals to a
society that is exploitative and dehumanizing. Write an essay in
which you critically compare Marxist alienation to Marcuse’s
conception of consumer society. How does Marcuse alter
Marx’s concept to make it more applicable to consumer society
in the post-industrial era? Be sure to bring in your own
experience of consumer society as a way to navigate the
arguments of both thinkers.
Option 2. At one point in his analysis, Marcuse notes:
“Democracy would appear to be the most efficient system of
domination” (p.52).
For a society which prides itself on its democratic practices and
its promotion of individual liberties, Marcuse’s critique may
seem harsh. Write an essay in which you critically compare
Marcuse’s critique of democracy and individual liberties to
Marx’s critique of the limited potential for freedom in

20. capitalism and democracy organized along class lines. How do
both Marx and Marcuse understand repression and how it
operates? Be sure to bring in your own understanding of class as
a way to navigat ethe arguments of both thinkers.
Please note: For this assignment no outside sources should be
used. Instead rely on your own interpretations, discussions with
others and class notes.