Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Cell culture is the process by which prokaryotic, eukaryotic or plant cells are grown under controlled conditions. Mammalian cell culture technology has become a major field in modern biotechnology; mammalian cell culture refers to the cells of a mammalian, isolated from specific tissues (i.e. skin, liver, glands, etc.) and further cultivated and reproduced in an artificial medium. Cell culture technology is currently playing a major role in toxicity testing, cancer research, virology, genetic engineering, and gene therapy.
OBJECTIVE:
To observe the transfection of CHO and HEK cells with GFP
To observe the recombinant GFP using Western Blotting
To purify the transfected HEK and CHO cells using AKTA Pure Purification
Cell culture is the process by which prokaryotic, eukaryotic or plant cells are grown under controlled conditions. Mammalian cell culture technology has become a major field in modern biotechnology; mammalian cell culture refers to the cells of a mammalian, isolated from specific tissues (i.e. skin, liver, glands, etc.) and further cultivated and reproduced in an artificial medium. Cell culture technology is currently playing a major role in toxicity testing, cancer research, virology, genetic engineering, and gene therapy.
OBJECTIVE:
To observe the transfection of CHO and HEK cells with GFP
To observe the recombinant GFP using Western Blotting
To purify the transfected HEK and CHO cells using AKTA Pure Purification
ABSTRACT- Some Lactobacillus species (L. acidophilus, L. casei and L. plantarum) were isolated from locally fermented products (ogi, fura de Nunu and wara) and their effect on microbial infections caused by some pathogenic bacteria (E.coli, K. pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphyloccoccus aureus) isolated from urine and high vaginal swab samples were studied using standard micriobiological methods.Fifiteen (15) healthy guinea pigs used for the study were divided into three (3) groups of five (5) guinea pigs each and placed in three (3) different cages. The pigs were initially fed for two (2) weeks (acclimatization period) with conventional feeds before administering the treatment. Lactobacillus species were introduced into the guinea pigs in cage 2 after the acclimatization period. Subsequently, the guinea pigs in cages 1 and 2 were orally infected with all the clinical bacteria pathogens while the guinea pigs in cage 3 which served as control were left with no microbial treatment. Ten (10) days after treatment, the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HBC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity level were determined. Striking differences were observed from guinea pigs in the different cages. The effectiveness of Lactobacilli (probiotics) was evident when the guinea pigs in cages 1 and 2 were compared. The guinea pigs in cage 1 which were infected with pathogens but no probiotics had lower blood level (mean PCV= 24.8%) and inferior liver condition (mean ALT=58.18µl; mean AST=51.91µl). Higher blood level (Mean PCV=45%) and superior liver conditions (Mean ALT=9.51µl; mean AST=9.7µl) were obtained for guinea pigs in cage 2 which were infected with the same pathogens and fed with probiotics. The control (cage 3) had the highest PCV level and best liver conditions (mean PCV=46.6%, means ALT= 7.65µl; mean AST=11.83µl).Th .This might be attributed to the fact that they were not infected with pathogenic organisms. Lactobacillus species administered are promising probiotics against the tested bacterial pathogens.
Keywords: Lactobacillus species, Guinea pig, Bacteria pathogen, Enzymes assay, Haematological Parameters, Probiotics
Background and study aim: During last two decades, there has been a world-wide trend in increasing occurrence of enterococcal infections in the hospitals. The aim of present study was to determine the spectrum of enterococcal infections, species prevalence, antimicrobial and characteristics of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in a tertiary care hospital, Eastern India.
Patients and Methods: Between January 2013 and July 2014, 152 Enterococcus species were obtained from clinical samples. Enterococci were identified using standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion according to Clinical resistance
& Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.VRE agar base was used to screen VRE isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of VRE isolates were determined using Epsilometer-test. VRE isolates were also examined by PCR to detect vanA gene.
Results: From 1602 clinical samples, 961 (60%) were culture positive and 152 (15.8%) enterococcal isolates were obtained. Most common species isolated was E. faecalis (63.8%) followed by E. faecium (35.5%). Majority of enterococcal infections were detected from ICUs and surgical wards and clinically presented as UTIs. Disk diffusion method showed 67.1% were resistant to penicillin, 61.2% ampicillin, 58.5% ciprofloxacin, 46.7% high-level gentamicin, 42. 8% high-level streptomycin, 7.9% teicoplanin and none to linezolid. Twenty (13.2%) enterococcal isolates were vancomycin resistant in VRE screen and disk diffusion method. Epsilometer-test of VRE isolates showed 8 (40%) isolates were resistant and 9 (45%) were intermediately resistant. From 20 VRE isolates, six showed VanA and two VanB phenotypes and all six VanA phenotypes had vanA gene cluster.
Conclusion: More accurate and reliable MIC determination tests should be performed in all suspected VRE isolates. Confirmatory PCR is required for identifying resistant gene cluster.
Key words: Enterococci, E. faecalis, E. faecium, VRE, vanA gene
Anthelmintic activity of Punica granatum ethanol extract against paramphis...researchanimalsciences
Parasitic diseases remain a major threat to livestock production around the
world, particularly in India. Paramphistomosis caused by paramphistomes are one of
the most common and economically important diseases of livestock. The high
incidence of resistance to chemotherapeutics, toxicity and side effects has urged the
necessity of finding alternative plant
-
based anthelmintics against helminth parasites.
Therefore, the present investigation was aimed to assess the anthelmintic effect of
the rind of
Punica granatum
Ethanol Extract (
Pg
EE) against paramphistomes in
infected sheep. Infected sheep were treated orally with 30 and 50 mg/ml
concentrations of
Pg
EE. Eggs Per Gram (EPG) count on faeces, haematological and
biochemical parameters of sheep were investigated. In
Pg
EE
-
treated sheep, the egg
count reduced significantly in the faeces and the reduction was proportional to
dosage and duration after treatment. The maximum reduction (97.95 %) was
observed on day 21 post
-
treatment with 50 mg/ml concentration of
Pg
EE. In infected
sheep, the haemoglobin and protein content were below standard physiological
values. Improvement of haematobiochemical profile was observed in sheep after
treatment with
Pg
EE.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 3 i...semualkaira
The HBGT/China/2014 strain of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) was isolated from infected ducklings
with clinical symptoms in Hebei province, China. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analyses
demonstrated that the HBGT/China/2014 strain belongs to duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3, and
it was most closely related to China isolate EY (98.5%) from geese, and was adjacent to Korean
isolates in complete genes.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Duck Hepatitis A Virus Genotype 3 i...submissionclinmedima
The HBGT/China/2014 strain of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) was isolated from infected ducklings with clinical symptoms in Hebei province, China. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the HBGT/China/2014 strain belongs to duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3, and it was most closely related to China isolate EY (98.5%) from geese
Austin Journal of Robotics & Automation is an international scholarly, peer review, Open Access journal, initiated with an aim to promote the research in Robotics & Automation, which deals with design, construction, operation, and application of robots.
Austin Journal of Robotics & Automation is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials).
Austin Journal of Robotics & Automation supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Robotics & Automation research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary technology.
Austin Journal of Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology is an open access, peer review Journal publishing original research & review articles on aetiology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Austin Journal of Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology is aimed to provide a strong platform for challenging cases that includes but not excludes the damage of insulating covers of both central nervous system and spine. It is a grounding platform for all neurologists, neuroimmunologists, neurovirologists, researchers, medical doctors, health professionals, scientists, and scholars to publish their research work & update the latest research information.
Topics include but not limited to Clinical Neurology, Biomarkers, Glial, Myelin Chemistry, Neuroimaging, Neuropathology, Neuroepidemiology, Therapeutics, Genetics/Transcriptomics, Experimental Models, Pathobiology, Neuroimmunology, Neuropsychology, Neurorehabilitation, Pathobiology of the Brain, Psychology, Measurement Scales, Teaching, and Neuroethics.
Austin Journal of Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology supports the scientific transformation and fortification in Medical and Clinical research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Leukemia is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Leukemia.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Leukemia. Austin Leukemia accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Leukemia.
Austin Leukemia strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Autism & Related Disabilities is a developmental disorder that affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. It is also known as a complex developmental disability. Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities is an open access, peer reviewed scholarly journal committed to publication of unique contributions concerned with Autism & Related Disabilities.
Austin Journal of Autism & Related Disabilities accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of Autism & Related Disabilities.
Austin Journal of Asthma: Open Access is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Asthma.
The journal aims to promote latest information and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians, and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of Asthma. Austin Journal of Asthma: Open Access accepts research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of Asthma.
Austin Journal of Asthma: Open Access strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing.
Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of anesthesiology and pain management.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for anesthesiologists, researchers, physicians, and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of anesthesiology. Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of anesthesiology and pain management.
Austin Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia strongly supports the scientific upgradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Journal of Accounting, Audit and Finance Management is a peer reviewed open access journal in publishes manuscripts from all the areas of accounting, accountancy, finance, auditing.
Austin Journal of Accounting, Audit and Finance Management Original Articles, Review, Discussion, Editorials, Letter, type of manuscripts from all the areas of the accounting, accountancy, finance, auditing.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Journal of Urology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of Urology.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for urologists, nephrologists, research scholars, physicians, and other healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the field of Urology.
Austin Journal of Urology accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and short communication on all the aspects of Urology and relevant basic science issues.
Annals of Thyroid Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts in all related aspects of thyroid hormones and thyroid diseases and their interaction with the cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, gastroenteron system, metabolic and nervous systems. The journal also focuses upon all the thyroid disease symptoms and treatments, including hyperthyroid and hypothyroid, plus a range of other thyroid problems including thyroid cancer.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and medicine with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Annals of Thyroid Research accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all related aspects of all related aspects of thyroid hormones and thyroid diseases.
Austin Journal of Robotics & Automation is an international scholarly, peer review, Open Access journal, initiated with an aim to promote the research in Robotics & Automation, which deals with design, construction, operation, and application of robots.
Austin Journal of Robotics & Automation is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials).
Austin Journal of Robotics & Automation supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Robotics & Automation research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary technology.
Austin Journal of Orthopedics & Rheumatology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of Orthopedics.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for orthopedicians, researchers, physicians, and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of Orthopedics.
Austin Journal of Orthopedics & Rheumatology accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of Orthopedics and its related areas.
Austin Pediatrics is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal committed to publish articles in all areas of science and practice of Pediatrics.
The aspire of the journal is to present a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to encourage, distribute, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of Pediatrics and to promote responsible and balanced debate on controversial issues that influence child health, including non-clinical areas such as ethics, law, surroundings and economics.
Austin Pediatrics accepts innovative research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of Pediatrics.
Austin Pediatrics is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal committed to publish articles in all areas of science and practice of Pediatrics.
Austin Otolaryngology is an open access, peer review journal publishing original research & review articles in all the fields of Otolaryngology. Otolaryngology deals with the study of ear, nose and throat. Austin Otolaryngology provides a new platform for students to publish their research work & update the latest research information in Otolaryngology.
Austin Otolaryngology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Otolaryngology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Otolaryngology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Clinics in Oncology Research is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of oncology.
The journal aims to promote latest information and provide a forum for oncologists, doctors, researchers, physicians, and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of oncology. Clinics in Oncology Research accepts research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of oncology.
Clinics in Oncology Research strongly support the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing.
Austin Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in all the related fields of Metabolic Syndrome.
Austin Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in Metabolic Syndromes research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Journal of Nutrition and Food sciences is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of nutrition and food sciences
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for dietitians, researchers, physicians, and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of clinical nutrition and nutritional disorders.
Austin Journal of Nutrition and Food sciences accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports and rapid communication on all the aspects of internal medicine.
Austin Journal of Clinical Neurology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of neurology, neurophysiology and stroke.
The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for neurologists, researchers, physicians, and other health professionals to find most recent advances in the areas of clinical and experimental neurology. Austin Journal of Clinical Neurology accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of clinical neurology and nervous system diseases.
Austin Journal of Clinical Neurology strongly supports the scientific upgradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Austin Journal of Clinical Neurology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles in all areas of neurology, neurophysiology and stroke.
Austin Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts in all related aspects of diseases and disorders that may adversely affect the function and overall effectiveness of the musculoskeletal system. The Journal focuses upon all the related aspects of musculoskeletal system disorders and the new advancements in the related treatments including Complex issues and injuries involving the musculoskeletal system and surgeries.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Austin Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all related aspects of diseases and disorders that may adversely affect the function and overall effectiveness of the musculoskeletal system.
Austin Hypertension is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Hypertension.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Hypertension. Austin Hypertension accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of hypertension.
Austin Hypertension strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
TOP AND BEST GLUTE BUILDER A 606 | Fitking FitnessFitking Fitness
"Feature:
• Intelligent Ergonomically Design Glute Builder Is A Must Have For Those Looking To Target Their Gluteal Muscles And Hamstrings With Precision.
• The Ability To Adjust The Starting Position, This Machine Allows For A More Targeted Workout That Is Tailored To Your Specific Needs.
• Spacious And Supportive Cushioned Seat Provide Added Comfort And Stability During Your Workout."
Get more information visit on:- www.fitking.in
Our mail I.D:-care@fitking.in, fitking.in@gmail.com
Call us at :- 9958880790, 9870336406, 8800695917
India Diagnostic Labs Market: Dynamics, Key Players, and Industry Projections...Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled “India Diagnostic Labs Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Diagnostic Labs Market was valued at USD 16,471.21 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.55% through 2029. This significant growth can be attributed to various factors, including collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, the expansion of diagnostic chains, and increasing accessibility to diagnostic services across the country. This comprehensive report delves into the market dynamics, recent trends, drivers, competitive landscape, and benefits of the research report, providing a detailed analysis of the India Diagnostic Labs Market.
Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations and partnerships among leading companies play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the India Diagnostic Labs Market. These strategic alliances allow companies to merge their expertise, strengthen their market positions, and offer innovative solutions. By combining resources, companies can enhance their research and development capabilities, expand their product portfolios, and improve their distribution networks. These collaborations also facilitate the sharing of technological advancements and best practices, contributing to the overall growth of the market.
Expansion of Diagnostic Chains
The expansion of diagnostic chains is a driving force behind the growing demand for diagnostic lab services. Diagnostic chains often establish multiple laboratories and diagnostic centers in various cities and regions, including urban and rural areas. This expanded network makes diagnostic services more accessible to a larger portion of the population, addressing healthcare disparities and reaching underserved populations. The presence of diagnostic chain facilities in multiple locations within a city or region provides convenience for patients, reducing travel time and effort. A broader network of labs often leads to reduced waiting times for appointments and sample collection, ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient diagnostic services.
Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a significant driver for the demand for diagnostic lab services. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer require regular monitoring and diagnostic testing for effective management. The rise in chronic diseases necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies, driving the growth of the diagnostic labs market. Additionally, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing chronic diseases, further boosting the demand for diagnostic lab services.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Trauma Outpatient Center is a comprehensive facility dedicated to addressing mental health challenges and providing medication-assisted treatment. We offer a diverse range of services aimed at assisting individuals in overcoming addiction, mental health disorders, and related obstacles. Our team consists of seasoned professionals who are both experienced and compassionate, committed to delivering the highest standard of care to our clients. By utilizing evidence-based treatment methods, we strive to help our clients achieve their goals and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment where our clients can receive the highest quality of care. We are dedicated to assisting our clients in reaching their objectives and improving their overall well-being. We prioritize our clients' needs and individualize treatment plans to ensure they receive tailored care. Our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices proven effective in treating addiction and mental health disorders.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
2. Austin Virol and Retrovirology 4(1): id1025 (2017) - Page - 02
Zhang C Austin Publishing Group
Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com
with same amount of medium were served as negative controls. The
CPEs were observed and recorded daily upto 5 days. The TCID50 of
each testing samples was determined using the Karber method [10].
Monolayers of MA-104 cells were inoculated with rotavirus at a MOI
of 0.01 and incubated for 12 h at 37°C. The cells were fixed with 80%
ice-cold ethanol for 0.5 h at -20°C. 100× diluted monoclonal antibody
specially against PoRV was added to the cells as primary antibodies
for 40 min at 37°C followed by a 2000× diluted FITC-conjugated
donkey anti-mouse IgG antibody (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA,
USA). The cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscope.
RT-PCR
Total RNA was extracted from cell culture supernatant using
TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. A reverse transcription was performed using the
M-MLV Reverse Tran scriptase (Taraka, Japan) to synthesize cDNA
for further gene amplification. A pair of primers were designed for a
762bpportionofVP4genepublishedinGenBank(Accessionnumber:
AY523636.1), with a forward primer 5’-GCC TTC TTA CAT TTA
TGA CAC-3’and a reverse primer 5’-GTT CCA TTG CAT TTC TAT
GC-3’. PCR reactions were carried out in PCR buffer containing 3 μl
of cDNA, 2 μl of each dNTPs (2.5mmol), 0.5 μl of each primer, 0. 25
μl of rTaq in a 25 μL reaction volume. The PCR program included an
initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, 35 cycles of 94°C for 45s, 54°C
for 45s and 72°C for 1min, followed by a 10 min extension at 72°C.
A complete VP7 gene of 1041 bp was amplified with a pair of
primers, VP7-F 5’-GGC TTT ATT AGA GAC AAT TTC CGT-3’
and VP7-R 5’-GCT CAC ACC ATA CAC TTC TAA CCT AAG-3’.
The same PCR amplification reagents for VP4 were used VP7 gene
amplification. The PCR program included an initial denaturation at
95°C for 5 min, 35 cycles of 94°C for 45s, 57°C for 45s and 72°C for
1min, followed by a 10 min extension at 72°C.
Sequencing of the VP4 and VP7 gene
For each amplicons of VP4 and VP7, PCR was run at least
twice and purified using the QIA quick Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen,
Germany) according to the instructions. The purified products of the
VP4 and VP7 genes were cloned using the PMD-18T vector (Takara,
Japan) and transformed into DH5α competent cells. The plasmid
DNAs sequenced using an ABI3730 Prism DNA analyzer.
Pathogenicity evaluation
An experimental infection was carried out in order to determine
whether the isolated virus could cause clinical disease in newborn
piglets or not. Six 3-day-old piglets, free of rotavirus antibodies and
antigens, were involved in the experimental infection. Piglets were
transferred into isolatorsatLaboratoryimmediately,withthreepiglets
in each isolator. The temperature in the isolators was maintained at
32°C or higher using heat lamps. Piglets were fed pasteurized whole
milk supplemented with probiotic once a day in the morning and
regular milk three times a day and approximately 70mL milk each
time.
The 6 piglets, either males or females, were randomly assigned
into two groups of 3 piglets. One group of piglets were orally received
5.0 ml of cell culture material of porcine rotavirus HN-001strain,
equal to 105.0 TCID50/ml. The other group was orally received
5.0 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) per piglet as control. After
inoculation, the piglets were closely observed every two hours a
day for diarrhea and other gastrointestinal clinical signs. Piglets
were humanely euthanized after the appearance of severe diarrhea
or becoming moribund. The piglets were necropsied and intestinal
material from each piglet was collected and stored at -80°C for further
analysis. At end of the study, all the piglets were euthanized humanely.
Results
Virus isolation
To successfully isolate the virus, a blind passage strategy was
applied.Structuralanalysisoftheinfectedcellsbyelectronmicroscopy
confirmed that the rotavirus virion was round with wheel-shape
appearance. (Figure 1) Specific CPEs for rotavirus became visible in
the MA-104 cells after continuously eight blind passages. Significant
CPEs were detected in cell culture at 24 hours after 6 passages. The
characteristic CPE for rotavirus, such as cell round up, clustering
in grape bunches, seining were observed (Figure 2). As the virus
adapting to the MA-104 cell, the virus propagated rapidly and virus
titer has reached to 105.0TCID50/ml on day 5. Results from the
immunofluorescence assay revealed that the attached fluorophore
could be detected in infected MA-104 cells, whereas none were
detected in the control group.
Identification of the VP4 and VP7 genes
The VP4 and VP7 genes were successfully amplified by the RT-
Figure 1: Electron microscopy images of rotavirus-like particles of strain
HN001 infecting the MA-104 cells in cell culture media.
Figure 2: Cytopathic effects and Immunofluorescence assay of PoRV isolate
A and C were set as control.
B: At 24 h postinfection, the cytopathic effects were recorded as clustering,
detachment.
B2: Cells were examined by IFA using PoRV-specific monoclonal antibody.
3. Austin Virol and Retrovirology 4(1): id1025 (2017) - Page - 03
Zhang C Austin Publishing Group
Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com
PCR programs and revealed on agarose gel electrophoresis as the
expected fragments, 762bp for VP4 gene and 1041bp for VP7 gene,
respectively.
Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 gene
The amplified VP4 gene of HN-001 strain was sequenced and its
deducted amino acid sequence were compared with known amino
acid sequences in the Genebank (Table 1) to further determine the P
genotype of the isolate [11]. The similarity of amino acid sequence of
VP4 gene of HN-001 strain to existing rotavirus strains ranges from
2.7% to 92.1%, with the highest degree of amino acid identity found
in strain YM [12], belonged to genotype P[7]. The lowest identify
was found in the strain DEU, of genotype P[35] [13]. Blast analysis
revealed that the strain HN-001 had a high homology with porcine
rotavirus strain CRW-8 which belonged to P[7].
Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced VP4 amino acid sequences
indicated that strain HN-001 is closely related to strain YM and the
two strains are grouped to form a distinct cluster (Figure 3A). JS-
Strain
GenBank accession
No.
Species P genotype
% Identity of VP4
gene
SA11 X14204 Simian 1 27.60%
SA11-N5 JQ688676.1 Simian 2 24.10%
K9 EU708926.1 Canine 3 24.90%
DS-1 AB848005.1 Human 4 54.80%
P343 U35851.1 Porcine 5 53.50%
Gottfried M33516.1 Porcine 6 65%
YM M63231.1 Porcine 7 92.10%
DRC88 DQ005111.1 Human 8 63.80%
T152 AB077766.1 Human 9 56.60%
69M EF672556.1 Human 10 72.30%
I321 L07657.1 Bovine 11 58.40%
FI-14 D13398.1 Equine 12 73.20%
MDR-13 L07886.1 Porcine 13 65.60%
B4106 AY740738.1 Human 14 73.10%
Lp14 L11599.1 Lamb 15 55.10%
EW U08429.1 Murine 16 62.60%
PO-13 AB009632.2 Avian 17 57.40%
GBR JF712558.1 Horse 18 55.30%
Mc323 D38052.1 Human 19 63.50%
EHP U08424.1 Murine 20 65.20%
Hg18 AF237665.1 Bovine 21 48.80%
160-01 AF526374.1 Rabbit 22 51.30%
A34 AY174094.1 Porcine 23 41.40%
TUCH FJ816611.1 Rhesus 24 68.40%
Dhaka GU199520.1 Human 25 57.30%
134-04 DQ061053.1 Porcine 26 62.30%
344-04 DQ242615.1 Porcine 27 68%
Ecu534 EU805773.1 Human 28 52.80%
Azuk-1 AB454420.1 Bovine 29 37.20%
DEU 03 NC-021581.1 Chicken 30 2.80%
03V0567 JQ920006 Chicken 31 3.60%
61-07-ire FJ492835.1 Porcine 32 69.70%
Dai-10 AB513836.1 Bovine 33 72.30%
FGP51 AB571047.1 Porcine 34 75.10%
DEU NC-021631.1 Turkey 35 2.70%
SG3 AB823215.1 Glider 36 68.60%
GER JX204814.1 Pheasant 37 66.30%
Table 1: Amino acid comparison (% aa identity) of the VP4 of the porcine strain
HN-001 with other P genotypes.
Nucleotide Substitutions (x100)
0
387.4
50100150200250300350
61- 07- ire P[32] FJ492835.1.seq
134- 04- 15 P[26] DQ061053.1.seq
HN- 001.seq
YM P[7] M63231.1.seq
K9 P[3 ] EU708926.1.seq
SA11- N5 P[2] JQ688676.1.seq
EHP P[20] U08424.1.seq
P343 P[5] U35851.1.seq
FI- 14 P[12] D13398.1.seq
Hg18 P[21] AF237665.1.seq
Lp14 P[15] L11599.1.seq
Ecu534 P[28] EU805773.1.seq
B4106 P[14] AY740738.1.seq
Dhaka6 P[25] GU199520.1.seq
T152 P[9] AB077766.1.seq
EW P[16] U08429.1.seq
GER P[37] JX204814.1.seq
MDR- 13 P[13] L07886.1.seq
Gottfried P[6] M33516.1.seq
Mc323 P[19] D38052.1.seq
DRC88 P[8] DQ005111.1.seq
344- 04- 1 P[27] DQ242615.1.seq
I321 P[11] L07657.1.seq
03V0567 P[31] JQ920006.1.seq
DEU 03 P[30] NC_021581.1.seq
PO- 13 P[17] AB009632.2.seq
TUCH P[24] FJ816611.1.seq
SG3 P[36] AB823215.1.seq
69M P[10] EF672556.1.seq
SA11g4OP[1] X14204.seq
FGP51 P[34] AB571047.1.seq
Dai- 10 P[33] AB513836.1.seq
160- 01 P[22] AF526374.1.seq
DS- 1 P[4] AB848005.1.seq
A34 P[23] AY174094.1.seq
Azuk- 1 P[29] AB454420.1.seq
DEU P[35] NC_021631.1.seq
Figure 3A: Phylogenetic tree based on the partial VP4 sequence of Porcine
rotavirus detected in Henan province.
Figure 3B: Phylogenetic tree based on the partial VP7 sequence of Porcine
rotavirus detected in Henan province.
4. Austin Virol and Retrovirology 4(1): id1025 (2017) - Page - 04
Zhang C Austin Publishing Group
Submit your Manuscript | www.austinpublishinggroup.com
01-2014 is closer to strain 61-07-ire [14], 134-04-15[15] in terms of
genetic distance, indicating a possible genetic relationship. The DEU
which isolated from the chicken showed the furthest distance with the
isolate strain HN-001.
Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 Gene
A full length of VP7 gene of strain HN-001 was amplified using
RT-PCR and resulting a full-length of open reading frames (ORFs)
of 981 nt codes for the VP7 protein of 327 amino acids. Blast analysis
has shown that the strain HN-001 has a high degree of homology with
US strain A2, belonging to genotype G[5]. The amino acid similarity
of strain HN-001 to other existing strains ranges from 2.5% to 88.6%.
(Table 2) The lowest amino acid similarity was found with strain IRL
[16] a turkey isolate, belonging to genotype G[17]. The isolate IAL-28
have the highest amino acid similarity to the strain HN-001.
Phylogenetic analyses of the VP7 genes suggested various degrees
of sequence identity to other genotypes. (Figure 3B) Strain HN-001,
IAL-28 and A64 were grouped together to form a cluster. Although
the strain CH-1[17] belonged to the group A rotavirus, as with
Strain GenBank accession No. Species G genotype
% Identity of
VP7 gene
Wa FJ423153.1 Human 1 65.60%
TB AY787646.1 Human 2 54.20%
30-96 GU827411.1 Rabbit 3 73.10%
Gottfried X06759.1 Porcine 4 17.40%
IAL-28 EF672588.1 Porcine 5 88.60%
WC3 AY050272 Bovine 6 55.70%
Ty-1 S58166 Turkey 7 36.80%
69M EF672560 Human 8 69.10%
B3458 EF990708 Porcine 9 77.20%
A64 EF672567 Human 10 80.40%
YM M23194 Porcine 11 73.20%
THA AB071404 Human 12 22.10%
GBR D13549 Horse 13 18.30%
JE91 AB046468 Horse 14 44.70%
Hg18 AF237668 Bovine 15 77.20%
EB-A8 KJ477110.1 Murine 16 75.20%
IRL L01098 Turkey 17 2.50%
PO-13 D82979 Pigeon 18 61.10%
Ch-1 AB080738 Avian 19 9.70%
Ecu534 EU805775 Human 20 68.20%
Azuk-1 AB454421.1 Bovine 21 73.20%
Deu NC-014519.1 Chicken 22 47.10%
GER JX204916.1 Pheasant 23 56.20%
Dai-10 AB513837 Bovine 24 60.20%
KEN GU983676 Porcine 25 70.50%
TJ4-1 AB605258 Porcine 26 75.10%
SG33 AB621363.1 Porcine 27 73.10%
Table 2: Amino acid comparison (% aa identity) of the VP7 of the porcine strain
HN-001 with other G genotypes.
other strains described above, it was genetically distant from other
genotypes and formed a separate genetic branch, indicating that
avian rotavirus is genetically distant from other species.
Pathogenicity Results
The piglets showed clinical signs 16- 24 hours after orally
inoculation with rotavirus strain HN-001. The clinical signs
include diarrhea with yellow and watery feces. The piglets showed
serious depression, loss of appetite, poor health condition, serious
dehydration. The infected piglets either died or became moribund at
Day 4 after inoculation and were euthanized. All the piglets in control
group showed no abnormal clinical signs. At necropsy, watery white
cheese-like material was seen in stomach and a large quantity of fluid
in the small intestines with thinned wall. The jejunum and ileum were
partly aerated with some yellow contents. The cecum together with
the colon was filled with yellow liquid and was inflated (Figure 4).
Discussions
Porcine rotavirus infection is a very common infection in pig
herds and usually co-infected with other diarrhea viruses, such
as PEDV, TGEV, Kobu and E.coli. Porcine rotaviruses were first
adapted to grow in porcine primary kidney cells with pretreated
trypsin in 1984 [18]. In this study, the samples were pretreated with
equal volumes of trypsin in the same manner and followed blind
passages on MA104. After 6 passages, the virus was successfully
adapted to the cells and produced CPEs and virus titer could reach to
105.0 TCID50/ml. A preliminary experimental challenge model has
been evaluated with pure porcine rotavirus culture in young piglets
and the virus isolate alone could induce serious clinical diseases
such as diarrhea. The model can provide the tools for the research of
pathogenic mechanism.
Porcine rotaviruses have a strong viability in the environment
and are insensitive to many chemical disinfectants and preservatives
[19]. This is perhaps one reason why the prevalence of rotavirus is
very often reported. Due to the numerous genotypes of VP4 and
VP7 genes, no effective vaccine available were shown on the market.
Although live vaccine was reported in the market, the results were far
from the expected [20]. VP4, VP6, VP7 were known as the antigens
of the virus and had been focused. A subunit vaccine representing
dominant porcine rotavirus genotype could provide a solution for
farms to prevent and control the diseases directly or indirectly caused
by porcine rotaviruses. The research data from current study will
provide valuable information for researching the disease and a future
Figure 4: The tissues of the infected and control groups were grossly
examined, the analyze was as follows.
A was set as control
B The transparent intestine walls with accumulation of yellowish fluids were
observed in the infected piglets.