Aunt Jennifer's Tigers is a poem about a woman named Aunt Jennifer who creates a tapestry featuring tigers. While the tigers in the tapestry prance proudly and fearlessly, Aunt Jennifer struggles with her needlework, weighed down by her wedding ring which symbolizes her oppressive marriage. The poem suggests that when Aunt Jennifer passes away, her tapestry and its tigers will live on, immortalizing her through her art despite the constraints she faced in life.
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2. Aunt Jennifer's tigers prance across a
screen,
Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.
They do not fear the men beneath the
tree;
They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.
Aunt Jennifer's finger fluttering through
her wool
Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.
The massive weight of Uncle's wedding
band
Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hand.
3. Background
• This is one of Rich's earlier poems, but it reflects a core theme that
would occur in Rich's work throughout her writing life: her
unwavering support for women's rights.
• In fact, Rich was known as much for her activism on behalf of
women's rights as for her poetry.
4. Adrienne Rich - activist
• Rich’s National Book Award acceptance speech is just one moment in a
lifetime of making poetry political.
• When she received the award 1974, she called up writers Alice
Walker and Audre Lorde to accept the award with her, on behalf of all women
and not just women writers.
• Rich, Walker, and Lorde dedicated the award to women everywhere—women
who had been silenced, who hadn't been given the opportunity to speak in
their male-dominated society.
5. Purpose
• "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers“ is a form of protest and a gesture of solidarity.
• On the surface, it may seem short and sweet, however, in just three
short stanzas it presents us with the life of a disempowered woman
and offers a vision of her future immortality through art.
6. Audience:
• The poem is not written exclusively for an audience of women. It's
addressed to every person.
• We all have a (symbolic) Aunt Jennifer: a woman whom we admire,
but who has perhaps been held back in life because of her gender.
• Adrienne Rich wrote the poem in 1951, which was a time in which there were
much fewer options for women in terms of careers and family planning.
Financial independence for women was also rare.
• "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers“ tells the story of, and imagines an immortal
future for one of these 1950s women with small opportunities and
big dreams.
7. The Patriarchy
• This term is not in the poem, but it is an important concept when
understanding Rich's work.
• Patriarchy refers to a male-dominated society in which men hold
authority and power and women are subordinated to them.
• One of the interesting questions about the poem is whether Aunt J's
struggles are due to her relationship with her husband, or because of
the lack of power for women in the patriarchal society in which Aunt J
lives.
• In other words, is her problem her husband's fault, or is it the problem of an
entire culture that subordinates women to men?
8. Lines 1 - 4
1. Aunt Jennifer's tigers prance across a screen,
2. Bright topaz denizens of a world of green.
The speaker begins with a familiar
tone, referring to “aunt Jennifer” as
though the reader knows her already.
A surprising turn of events – the
speaker reveals that Aunt Jennifer has
tigers!
However, these tigers are not real –
“prance across a screen”
Prance: to walk or
move in a spirited
manner
a usually yellow to
brownish-yellow
transparent mineral
topaz used as a gem
An inhabitant of an
area e.g. “denizens
of a forest”
The speaker personifies the
tigers by presuming their
thoughts and feelings. This
personification contributes
to the poem’s overall
message…
9. Lines 3 - 4
3. They do not fear the men beneath the tree;
4. They pace in sleek chivalric certainty.
“fear” personifies the tigers. The
speaker assumes the emotion felt by
the tigers.
These tigers have no fear of the men,
even though they are right beneath
the tigers.
chivalry was the code of honor
of knights - "chivalric" connotes
all the things that a true knight
represents: loyalty, courtesy,
and bravery.
The tigers have nothing to
fear – the are assured of
their place in their world
and do not fear Man – the
interloper.
10. Lines 5 – 6
5. Aunt Jennifer's finger fluttering through her wool
6. Find even the ivory needle hard to pull.
We finally learn
more about Aunt
Jennifer
"Fluttering" is a verb often used
to describe birds. Aunt Jennifer's
hands move swiftly and daintily—
maybe even nervously?—through
the air.
This contrasts with the tigers,
who pace "in chivalric
certainty." The movement of
the tigers is definitive, while
Aunt Jennifer's movements are
less so.
It's hard for her to pull the needle
through the wool that makes the
tapestry. She does not seem very
certain of her work and it seems
to be giving her difficulty.
We have a really distinct
contrast, then, between
Aunt Jennifer's tigers, who
are brave and stately, and
Aunt Jennifer herself, who
struggles with her craft.
11. Lines 7 – 8
7. The massive weight of Uncle's wedding band
8. Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifer's hand.
We find out why Aunt Jennifer
struggles with the needle. She is
being weighed down by her
wedding band from her
husband.
The wedding band acts as a symbol for Aunt and
Uncle's marriage.
NB. The ring is described as “Uncle’s wedding band”
even though it is on Jennifer’s hand.
By representing marriage
with just the wedding band,
Rich is employing metonymy,
or representing something by
using an object that's
associated with it (like saying
"the White House" when
meaning the president).
Aunt Jennifer is defined by her husband, and the
symbolic "massive weight" of the wedding band is
holding her back from her needlework.
12. Lines 9 – 10
9. When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
10. Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.
The poem takes a morbid turn here.
The speaker starts imagining what
will happen when Aunt Jennifer dies…
When Aunt Jennifer is dead, her hands will
still be "terrified." (This is synecdoche, or
using a part to represent the whole.)
Aunt Jennifer will also be
"ringed with ordeals she was
mastered by" in death, as she
was in life.
The symbol of the
wedding band reappears
here with the word
"ringed.“
This is clearly an
oppressive marriage…
Though the poem is not
explicit here, it suggests
that Uncle is the master
and Aunt Jennifer is the
slave in the relationship.
13. Lines 11 - 12
11. The tigers in the panel that she made
12. Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.
Now the speaker imagines
what will happen to the
tigers when her aunt dies.
The tigers "prance, proud and
unafraid," as ever. Aunt J may die one
day with "terrified hands," but her
tigers will be just the opposite of
those hands - they'll keep up their
bravery, chivalry, and fearlessness.
To say that a tiger,
especially a needlework
tiger, would prance, or
feel proud, of be
unafraid is an example
of personification.)
Though Aunt Jennifer
will die, her tigers will
live on through her
tapestry… and
consequently, so will
she.
14. Symbolism of the tigers:
• The tigers are possibly:
• a symbol of her inner life that she couldn't express.
• representations of all the qualities that she herself wanted to have, but
couldn't, because of her husband.
• Alternate interpretation:
• Even if she was unsatisfied by her marriage, Aunt Jennifer found a life for
herself in her art. The wedding ring will be buried with her body, but the
tapestry and her tigers will live forever.
• Even if her husband held her back in life, Aunt Jennifer will live forever
through her tigers, "prancing, proud and unafraid."
15. Why a tapestry?
• Needlework has historically been a “feminine” art – not as powerful
as painting or sculpture.
• However, the speaker uses a tapestry to serve as Aunt Jennifer’s
immortalizing art form - a delicate, and historically feminized, tapestry
of animals in the forest.
• This emphasizes the femininity of Aunt Jennifer, and the women like
her, who have historically been oppressed for that same quality.
• The delicacy of the tapestry is a reclamation of feminine power.
16. Summary
• The speaker tells us about her Aunt Jennifer's needlework tapestry,
which features beautiful, bright, prancing tigers.
• The tigers are strong and have no fears, but Aunt Jennifer is not so
free. The speaker tells us about the metaphorical weight of Aunt
Jennifer's wedding band, and implies that her marriage was unhappy
and held her back from the life that she wanted to live.
• The speaker then tells us that, when Aunt Jennifer is dead, she will
still wear the ring that symbolizes the marriage that trapped her.
• But, the speaker says, the tigers will keep prancing in her needlework,
and Aunt Jennifer will be immortalized through her art.
