August 31 - 0416 - Lindsey Hartfiel
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11th International Drainage Symposium August 30-September 2, 2022 Des Moines, Iowa
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August 31 - 0416 - Lindsey Hartfiel
- 1. Modification and Monitoring of a Dual-Chamber Denitrification Bioreactor with a Surface Water Pumping System Lindsey Hartfiel, Andrew Craig, Steven Hall, Thomas Isenhart, Carmen Gomes, and Michelle Soupir Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1
- 2. Pumped Bioreactor Systems – Why?? • Allow for treatment beyond subsurface drainage • Tile flow subsides with crop development • Extend bioreactor use to new applications • Surface waters • Irrigation waters • Extend bioreactor life? 2
- 3. Case Study – Pumped Bioreactor System in Iowa 3
- 4. Site Layout • Dual-chamber bioreactor • Installed summer of 2018 • Each chamber contains nine sampling wells • Monitoring: • Nitrite + Nitrate (NOx-N) • Total Organic Carbon (TOC) • Water Level • Temperature • Dissolved Oxygen • Flow Rate 4 Flow
- 5. Performance Prior to Pumping System Installation 5
- 8. Additional Monitoring in 2021 • Based on results of 2019 and 2020, added: • Sulfate (SO4) monitoring • Dissolved Greenhouse Gas monitoring • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) • Methane (CH4) 8 Photo Credit: Cynthia Lidtke
- 9. Chamber A Multi-Pollutant Dynamics Flow 9
- 10. Chamber B Multi-Pollutant Dynamics Flow 10
- 12. Key Components of Pumping System • Site Selection • Can we potentially improve bioreactor performance by adding this pumping system? • More flow during periods of low or no flow from tile drainage? • Is there a reasonable amount of nitrate in the source to be pumped? • Flexibility • Flow monitoring • Vented Pressure transducers at outlets to document total flow • Flow meters for flow from Creek • Filter for large particles • Water Use Permit 12 Big Creek NOx-N Concentrations
- 14. 14 Photo credit: Natasha Hoover
- 15. 15 Pumping system results show high NOx-N removal • Higher water temperature and low NOx-N concentrations resulted in complete NOx-N removal. • Design flow rates were not achieved with pumping. • Flow was between ~1.06 L/s and 2.17 L/s in each chamber • Flow was bypassing at this rate
- 16. Considerations for Future Pumped Bioreactors • Pumped source water criteria and timing must be evaluated • Consider temperature, nitrate concentrations, other potential contaminants • Does the source have reliable water volume available? • A pumping system could be a good technology to enhance bioreactors under certain conditions • Appropriate surface water source to supplement flow and extend drainage season • Utilize existing converged tiles/cisterns (pooled tile drainage source) 16
- 17. Acknowledgements • Collaborators • Leigh Ann Long and Natasha Hoover, Water Quality Research Laboratory • Tom Isenhart, Morgan Davis, and Steven Hall (GHG analysis) • Marshall McDaniel and Stephen Potter (Total Organic Carbon) • Ji Yeow Law and Adam Hartfiel, platform construction • Laura Christianson, University of Illinois • Funding This material is based upon work supported by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under numbers NR186114XXXXG004 and NR213A750013G038, and by Agriculture and Food Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2018-67016-27578 awarded as a Center of Excellence from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.
- 19. Investigation of Spatial Pollutant Interactions Within a Dual-Chamber Woodchip Bioreactor Lindsey Hartfiel Iowa State University Ph.D. candidate Iowa Learning Farms Webinar, Date Iowa Learning Farm Virtual Field Day- recording 8/2/22 Follow the QR code to view the ILF recorded webinar and the upcoming virtual field day (when available).
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Editor's Notes
- Mention dimensions: 36.6m x 10.4 m USDA designed to treat ~17% of peak flow from 14” tile Discuss original monitoring set up
- Did not reach design flow rate – point out that chamber B often had greater flows than A which drives observations in the next few slides Often operating well below the design rate Average flows at or below 11.5% Median HRT: A 2020; ~50h, 2021 ~64.7h B: 2020 ~ 50 h 2021; ~38.8h
- Explain that this was generated using Inverse Distance Weighting and represent MEDIAN concentrations in each year Inlet of bioreactor is at the bottom of the screen, outlet at the top, flows from bottom of screen to the top High nitrate concentrations represented by lighter colors – yellow, green and low concentrations are dark – purple Chamber A has had complete removal each year when considering the median concentrations – 2019 and 2021 are most similar
- Again, used IDW and are representing the median concentrations Chamber B had complete removal (and similar to A in 2019 and 2020); but did not have complete removal in 2021 when considering the median concentrations Still had high removal of nitrate though
- Added in monitoring of SO4 and CH4 as these are processes that can occur once the nitrate is removed Also included N2O as it is an intermediate step in the denitrification process
- MEDIAN concentrations; inlet at the bottom, outlet at the top; Explain the colors
- MEDIAN concentrations; inlet at the bottom, outlet at the top; Explain the colors Difference is likely due to B having greater flows than A
- How the pumping system was designed and configured; key components shown
- Explain the different photos
- Preliminary results (running system for 3 weeks) Higher water temperature contributed to more rapid denitrification First date: NOx-N of ~14 mg/L; second of ~ 7 mg/L; third of ~1.4 mg/L Water was about 10C warmer than drainage