The document discusses the Abraham Accord peace treaty that was signed in 2020 between Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain to normalize relations. It provides background on the negotiations between the countries, reasons for the treaty including increased trade and lessening Israel's isolation, and reactions from different states with most Muslim-majority countries opposing it. The document also discusses the long-standing conflict between Israel and Palestine over land claims and religious sites.

2. INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
SUBMITTED BY: Atiya Malik
REGISTRATION NO: 1446FSS/BSPSY/F20
SUBMITTED TO: Mam Sadaf Asif

3. PEACE TREATY FOR
THE
NORMALIZATION OF
RELATIONS(THE
ABRAHAM ACCORD)

4. WhatisPeaceTreaty?(AbrahamAccord)
Itssignatories
BackgroundandNegotiations
ReasonbehindPeacetreaty
BenefitsofPeacetreaty
ConflictbetweenIsraelandPalestine
Reactionofdifferentstates
ReactionofPakistanaboutPeacetreaty

5. Peace Treaty:
• This is the treaty of normalization of relations between UAE, Bahrain and
Israel with the coup of US president Donald Trump
• Signed by: UAE foreign minister( Abdullah bin Zayed bin Nahyan), Bahrain
foreign minister(Abdul latif bin Rashid al Zayani) and Israel prime
minister(Benjamin Netanyahu) and The President of US Donald Trump
• Date of signing of the treaty: September 15, 2020
• Location: South lawn of White House Washington, US
• Negotiated by: Jered Kushner and Avi Berkowitz
• This treaty is officially named as the Abraham Accord Peace Agreement and
was announced on September 11, 2020. This is so named as Abraham Accord
because Jews and Muslims share the common belief on Prophet Abraham.

6. BACKGROUND AND NEGOTIATIONS with UAE:
• In 1971, UAE became an independent state and UAE Prime minister considered Israel as its enemy. Since
the Gulf war in 1990, the UAE and the US had good friendship relations and these relations increase after
the attack of 9/11 when US air force was present at AL-Dhafra Airbase.
• In the year of 2015, November Israel had opened the gates for the diplomatic relations with UAE and it
would open the diplomatic office in UAE, which was the first time over the decades when Israel had an
official presence at UAE.
• The relations between UAE and Israel was strengthen in the time of Covid-19 when they secretly kept
working with each other and these moves became the wakeup call for the President of US Donald trump
and he started playing the role of peace maintainer in the middle east and with coup of Donald Trump this
deal had signed.
• Currently, Iran and Arab states are engaged in the proxy war from Syria to Yemen with the UAE supporting
the Saudi led and US sponsored coalition against the Iran-aligned forces.

7. Background and negotiation with Bahrain:
• In the year of 2005, Bahrain neglected the boycott with Israel, in exchange of free trade agreement with the US.
On the conference of Warsaw in May 2017, 55 Muslim states and U.S discussed about the way of rooting out of
global terrorism and also the growing influence of Iran in these global activities. But Israel was not invited in this
summit.
• November 2017, Bahrain doomed from the Arab league boycott of Israel saying that the kingdom's citizens
were permitted to visit Israel, although the two countries had no diplomatic relations, during a speech to
Rabbi Marvin Heir, the president of the Simon Samuel Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles (L.A).
NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN UAE,BAHRAIN AND ISRAEL:
• On May 8, 2018, kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain in public welcome and
supported the U.S withdrawal from the Iranian nuclear deal, mentioning Iran's destabilizing activities within the
Middle East. Israel additionally supported the U.S withdrawal.
• Pressure from Iran's growing influence and involvement within the region has led to Bahrain's support for the
Israeli stance against Iran and brought the countries nearer. Throughout the May 2018 Israel–Iran incident in
Syria, Bahrain's Foreign Minister stated support for Israel's "right to defend itself“.
• In 13-14 Feb, 2020 both Israel and Bahrain participated in security conference of Warsaw,
Poland, wherever Iran's growing influence was mentioned. Afterward, relationships between Israel and also
the Gulf countries grew stronger.

8. • On August 13, 2020 U.S president Donald trump declared that Bahrain and Israel were going to
normalize their relation under the Peace Treaty of UAE and Israel. Bahrain paid tribute to this action
because this would led to maintain the peace in the Middle East region. Furthermore, Arab and Bahrain
allowed flights from Israel in support of this deal "Israel and United Arab Emirates Strike Major
Diplomatic Agreement“
• Arab states, still try for the Palestinians rights and they were trying to grow up relationships with Israel.
The gradual approach of the US administration is to resolve Israel-Palestine conflict by normalizing the
relations of Israel with other Arab countries "Arab League: Ministers agree not to condemn UAE-Israel
deal“
• On August 26, 2020 king of Bahrain Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa told state secretary of US Mike Pompeo
that US is accomplished the establishment of Palestine and disband the push of US to normalize their
relations with Israel. But after one month Bahrain agree to make diplomatic relation with Israel on 11
September, 2020.
• On the occasion of announcement of this treaty The US president Donald Trump addressed that
“There’s no more powerful response to the hatred that spawned”.

9. REASONS BEHIND PEACE TREATY:
Following are the reasons which lead to the Peace Treaty:
1. More opportunities of trade were made for the Gulf State.
2. Israel lessens its regional isolation
3. Donald Trump commemorate a foreign policy coup.
4. The Palestinians feel betrayed.
5. Iran has a new strategic headache.
Benefits of this Peace Treaty:
This treaty is actually a Bilateral agreement regarding all the following aspects:
 Finance and investment
 Civil aviation
 Innovation, trade and economic relations
 Healthcare
 Tourism, Culture and Sport
 Energy
 The environment
 Telecommunications
 Agriculture and food security
 Legal cooperation

11. • The Israelis are basically the Jewish people and they have their religious ties to land of west bank and
like this Palestinians are the Muslims and they also have religious ties with this land .
• Post WW2 Britain send this issue to UN and UN partitioned the Palestine in to two parts Palestine and
Israel.
• The Israelis accepted the partition because they were given the 55% even though they have only 34% of
population. All the Muslim states voted against it and Palestinians rejected it outright world supported
it because they felt bad about the holocaust.
• 1947 British Withdrawal British withdraws from Palestine. United Nations approves the partition of
British- mandated Palestine into a Arab state and a Jewish State. Accepted by Israel, but not by
Palestinians as it was considered highly illegitimate with Israel given larger swaths of land. Neighbouring
Arab states launched a ground invasion to crush the Israel state which it was able to defend with the
help from West.
• 1948 First Arab-Israel War May 15, 1948 – Israel declared itself an independent state. Led to first Arab-
Israel War. Israel immediately attacked by five Arab countries. Egypt Syria Jordan Iraq Lebanon
• Result Israel defeated the combined Arab countries and seized territory UN had designated for the
Palestinians. Cease-fire agreement ended fighting, but Arabs refused to sign peace treaty. No Arab
country recognized Israel. 750,000 Palestinian refugees fled to Arab states.
• The two nations live combined in Jerusalem and the Palestinians have no army but Israelis have and at
that place Israelis every time hurts the Muslims by using his army. Last night it happened again when
Israelis attacked on the Muslims mosque and injured many Muslims during their Salah.
 So this is actually the conflict between all the Muslims states and Israel .

12. REACTION OF DIFFERENT STATES:
All the Western states showed positive reaction on this diplomatic treaty and
they appreciated this step taken by Israel and the UAE and Bahrain. For
example: US, Canada, Spain, France, Italy, and many other countries of middle
east.
Like some countries showed the positive reactions most of the Muslim
countries showed negative and aggressive reaction on this Peace Treaty. In
which top of the list are:
 Turkey
 Hamas
 Jordan
 Iran
 Oman
 Palestine
 Syria

13. Pakistan Reaction on the Peace treaty:
• Following the UAE-Israel normalisation agreement, Pakistan’s
foreign ministry noted that such development is “with far-reaching
implications”.
• “Pakistan has an abiding commitment to the full realization of the
legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, including the right to
self-determination. Peace and stability in the Middle East region is
also Pakistan’s key priority,” read a statement released by the
ministry.
• “Pakistan’s approach will be guided by our evaluation of how
Palestinians’ rights and aspirations are upheld and how regional
peace, security and stability are preserved.”

14. Any query