ASTR 2nd Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research

vision & mission
Messages
Conference Programme
Keynote Speeches
Plenary Paper
ACIR 2018 Awards
Synthesis of Abstracts
Paper Presentations
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Vision
We are an Asian Organization
devoted to the advancement of
pedagogy in the teaching of research
in all academic levels.
Mission
We commit to design course syllabus
in research that prepares students for
publication of their thesis/dissertation;
produce institutional materials for effective
teaching and learning; to exchange
best practices in teaching research;
organize conferences that promotes
new knowledge and best practices;
and recognize teachers who excelled in
research instruction.
Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc.
1370 individual members as of July 17, 2018

12ndAsianConferenceinInterdisciplinaryResearch2018
July 22-24, 2018 • Hôtel Sofitel Angkor Phokeethra Golf & Spa Resort, Siem Reap, Cambodia
Message
I
t is truly amazing what an organization can accomplish in a short span
of time with dedication and unlimited commitment. The world has
become a small place with the advent of the internet, information
technology and social media. With the pragmatic use of these tools,
much has been achieved in converging interdisciplinary professionals to
share breakthroughs and best practices, and to network on a common goal
of building a strong and resilient institution that can withstand changes
in leadership, external challenges and other inevitable trials that may
confront any organization. The Asian Society of Teachers for Research is a
living example of this.
On behalf of the Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Tak, I
would like to convey my warmest greetings and felicitations to ASTR for
successfully treading another riveting milestone by virtue of its 2nd
Asian
Conference on Interdisciplinary Research. The same goes to the presenters
who are in the vanguard of fostering advancement and excellence through
exemplary contributions in their respective fields of endeavor. And for
the participants, may you have a lot of takeaways in terms of additional
information and new ideas from the interesting array of speakers.
The theme of this year’s conference, “Interdisciplinary Research as Means
to Achieve Educational Outcomes”, holds a compelling manifestation
of the association’s sincere commitment to foreground the quality of
excellence and the advancement of pedagogy in teaching research in all
academic levels as crucial means to achieve greater relevance and spawn
noble difference in the society. It is rather prudent to consider that if an
organization aspires to be a notch above the rest, a culture of excellence
and pedagogical advancement must be the core of its dynamics.
May our esteemed ASTR continue to be a powerful and effective platform
for personal and professional development for the benefit of our country,
the ASEAN community and the whole world! Again, congratulations and
cheers to more worthwhile endeavors!
AJARN ROMMEL V. TABULA
Research Coordinator & TESOL Specialist
Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Tak
Amphoe Mueang Tak, Changwat Tak, Thailand

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Theme: Interdisciplinary Research as Means to Achieve Educational Outcomes
Message
I
t is my great pleasure to welcome you in Asian Conference in
Interdisciplinary Research 2018 hosted by The Asian Society of
Teachers for Research Inc. (ASTR). The Asian Society of Teachers for
Research Inc, commits to advance the professional expertise of the
scholarly publishers, provide expert services in scholarly journals, promote
publication ethics in scholarly journals and support various causes in the
advancement of scientific publication. In line with previous conferences,
the Asian Society of Teachers For Research, Inc. brings the 2nd Asian
Conference in Interdisciplinary Research on July 22-24, 2018 at the Hôtel
Sofitel Angkor Phokeethra Golf & Spa Resort, Siem Reap, Cambodia.
Following the main them “Interdisciplinary Research as Means to Achieve
Educational Outcomes,” the ACIR 2018 has set the specific aims are : 1)
to appreciate models of interdisciplinary research across Asia and beyond
its borders; (2) disseminate new research results of interdisciplinary
studies; and (3) forge partnerships, collaborations and alliances to foster
interdisciplinary research.
The interdisciplinary research is valuable not only for its immediate
benefits to our research, but also for keeping the door open to diverse
career paths. Influential scientists need to understand the importance
of educating future researchers using an interdisciplinary approach. I do
believe that the conference will promote academic integrity in research
and publication; foster collaboration among researchers and to recognize
meritorious contributions of researchers in interdisciplinary research. I
am also confident that this conference will provide great prospects to the
practitioners, scholars, researchers and academicians from across various
disciplines to discuss and foster interdisciplinary in research.
The research presentations from various fields assuredly address key
challenges and opportunities in Interdisciplinary Research. With the
valuable thoughts to be shared by every researcher, this shall open the
horizon to internationalization of research in various aspects.
Warmest Regards,
M SULTANA ALAM, PHD
Assistant Professor
Department of Journalism
Faculty of Arts and Social Science
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia

Message
I
t is indeed a great pleasure to issue a message for the Second Asian
Conference on Interdisciplinary Research. There is a need for scholars
and practitioners to be capable of synthesizing their knowledge
in interdisciplinary studies. Disseminate new research results of
interdisciplinary studies can be considered a challenge. Conceptualization
of theories with the help of different paradigms in subject domain/s
would help to understand the real world with different perspectives by
condensing with research. One of the objective in this conference is to
“appreciate models of interdisciplinary research across Asia and beyond
its borders” is very much relevant in current context. There is a need to
use models in different disciplines with the combination of creativity
and imagination. This can be further explained by Levitt in his article of
“Marketing imagination”, “To decide correctly what’s to be done and
how to do it requires having good data about customers, competitors
and markets. Even more, it requires the imaginative conversion of these
data into meaningful and usable information. The best way to know your
prospects is in a way that is more fundamental and compelling than what’s
usually yielded by the purely metrical methods so common in market
research today. The difference between data and information is that while
dataarecrudelyaggregatedcollectionsofrawfacts,informationrepresents
the selective organization and imaginative interpretation of those facts.
This requires knowing, in some sort of direct and systemic way, the” world
with which one presumes to deal. It requires getting inside the lives and
work of the people one is trying to understand”.
Researchers all over the globe gather for these forums and networking is
one important aspect in the world of research(which can be related the
third objective of the conference -forge partnerships, collaborations and
alliances to foster interdisciplinary research.)Even though a scholar is from
a geographically small country, his/her contribution in the field of research
is of immense value and demonstrates how large he/she is, in terms of
value, that is being added to the current stock of knowledge
Thus,Ihope22ndto24thJulyofthisyearwillbeoneofthemostmemorable
events with contributions and networking in the field of research. It is
a great challenge to organize such an event and the organizers of this
event should be praised and admired for organizing such a difficult task.
Therefore, I take this opportunity to convey my best wishes to researchers
around the Globe.
NALIN ABEYSEKERA, PHD
Senior Lecturer, Department of Management Studies,
Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

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Message
I am excited to share my message at this year’s Asian Conference for Interdisciplinary
Research Conference of 2018 with the theme of “Interdisciplinary Research as a means
to Educational Outcomes.” If you look at Interdisciplinary and Education as metaphors
then much like words in poetry when collided, it creates new insights at the emotional
intelligence connections; a deeper consciousness of living and learning. Interdisciplinary
research within higher education has become an effective tool for WOW Bali’s sustainable
andregenerativedevelopments.AsoneofAsia’stopregenerativeorganizationinsupporting
academia and alternative education/learning programs with our Internationally renowned
“SustainableDynamics”framework,weprideourselvesinourMETA(bigpicture)scaffolding
for diverse stakeholders, within an ecosystem, to co-create and collaborate via mutualism,
creative economics and action research for optimum regenerative development.
Atthisyear’sAsianConference,IwanttoshareasimpleknowledgethatIhavelearnedfrom
my Bali’s Mentor and Elder, the recently belated Mr. Agung Prana, that “real knowledge
must showcase real understandings of experiences beyond ideals and theories.” For my
Interdisciplinary research that has found its way through higher education as an effective
tool for sustainable and regenerative development, it has proven to me the effectiveness
of today’s education for regenerative dynamics. Combined with best practices showcased
by a living culture of Bali, WOW Bali’s frameworks can share ancient wisdom into a step-by-
step understanding for higher education. “The aims of education are to enable students to
understand the world around them and the talents within them so that they can become
fulfilled individuals and active compassionate citizens” a quote eloquently expressed by
Sir Ken Robison described to me why Interdisciplinary research is an important tool for
education to ‘co-create’ positive outcomes. The world around us is no longer isolated
as one country’s development but must be connected to global solutions to solve some
of the grave issues that are presented in today’s big global issues; such as footprint and
biodiversity, sustainable development, financial initiative and climate change to name a
few.
With this in mind, heart and actions, I want to start this year Asian Conference for
Interdisciplinary Research Message with the understanding that “in all healthy systems,
everything must be interconnected and evolving within a system design thinking process.”
We must start this with designing ‘the self,’ an “interdisciplinary” means via multiple
intelligences. These disciplines of understandings are connected our aesthetic sensory and
via our perceptual connections, FROM social and cultural TO nature and our environment,
develop a healthy and balanced multidimensional being. To simply explain why my
personal interdisciplinary research in finding SELF at the multidimensional level so that I
can function within a simple balance of existence, I must learn to be I a son, a brother, a
father, teacher and friend and so forth! To be good at more than one of these iconic labels,
you are practicing interdisciplinary research and development. A on-going efforts of
finding and defining ourselves so that we can engage at all levels of relatedness; from the
micro and macros combined with the seen and even unseen (known and unknown) is to
fully be dynamic. These are the core and basics of Interdisciplinary research, a foundation
for understanding self that education most often fails to address. This has shown great
disconnects at the wellbeing and creative autonomy level within higher education and
studies has shown to be a big concerns at the PHD student’s levels. Actually, the higher you
are in higher education, the more likely you are disconnected from your interdisciplinary
mind/heart/action sets of balanced living; therefore causing stress and disillusions.
Also with today’s disarrays of global concerns, it has shown that we can define
better solutions within interdisciplinary collaborations and fusion developments.
In today’s research, it has shown that interdisciplinary research and developments
are more likely to offer global solutions and create the necessary diversity for

Message
sustainable dynamics; a meme that the biodiversity of nature has proven to exemplify. Interdisciplinary concepts
are better integrated at the experiential connections, starting at the micro of ‘the self’ and expanding into
the macro developments of our community and society. Therefore, the right frameworks for interdisciplinary
research as a means for higher education are important for global solutions since it is connected at the individual
views of one’s personal wellbeing and creative autonomy via multiple intelligences and direct experiences.
{PULL QUOTE} “We must become the change we wish to see in the world” Mahatma Ghandi.
Beyond the ideals and theory-based education, real life practices of what we have learned needs to be integrated within
every day living for positive outcomes. This should be the KEY to our student’s success. Simple connections of human’s
relatedness via wellness and creative autonomy within our daily environment must be considered for our students to
showcase real transformation of understandings is what our interdisciplinary research framework should consider. This is
whatinterdisciplinaryresearchoffers,‘toserve’asameansfordynamiceducationaloutcomes;botheffectivelyandaffectively.
United Nations META understandings for fusion development; such as in the seventeen (17) Sustainable Development
Goals (SDG) are 1) universality, 2) integrative and 3) transformative. These are essentials memes for global
collaborations; therefore our interdisciplinary frameworks must be dynamic and connect at all levels understandings
for universality in collaborations PLUS be integrative with all diverse stakeholders so their visions and ideals can simply
co-create transformative developments. WOW Dynamics framework solves these understandings by initiating at the
personal levels of connections via wellness and creative autonomy; an interdisciplinary research of understandings the
SELF. Integrate our personal connections with WOW ‘Sustainable Dynamics” framework for community and diverse
stakeholders and sustainability and regenerative development naturally happens. Our interdisciplinary research
methodologies and frameworks, as a means to community based developments via eco-tourism and beyond tourism
developments for optimum regenerative development, has made its way into higher education as an effective and
affective tools for educational outcomes. WOW frameworks has also put into considerations, the root word of
education; ‘educo,’ meaning ‘to pull the information of knowledge from within’ as part of our interdisciplinary
research framework. This dynamic combination of life skills in balanced with living skills has proven to be successful
within our interdisciplinary research studies. This was based on best practices of holistic learning from Bali’s
traditional living culture and ‘paseraman’ (learning centers before formal education was introduced) methodologies.
In conclusion, the connections of understanding for this year Asian Conference theme: “Interdisciplinary Research as a
means to Educational Outcomes” brings us to a new holistic crossroads for knowledge exchange. This is a new dynamic
in offering for regenerative development; starting with a balanced student and evolving them into multidimensional
being, operating at their highest intelligences for self, community and society. Our offerings of WOW’s Interdisciplinary
framework, hope to contribute in a small way of reinforcing the basics understanding of intelligence, the abilities to
adapt within any situations at any time. Our offering of new understandings for education institutions is to ‘co-develop’
positive outcomes for today’s global sustainable issues and address universal concerns for optimum collaborations as
the dynamics. In short, regenerative understandings start with frameworks that prevent rigidity in collaborations so
vision can be actions in making efforts easy to do and simple to share.
PROF. HAI DAI NGUYEN
Co-Founder
WOW Bali International Initiative
Yayasan Global Banjar Internasional

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DAY 1 • July 22, 2018

8:01 – 9:00a.m. Registration
9:01 – 9:05a.m. Invocation
National Anthem of the Republic
of the Philippines
National Anthem of Cambodia

9:06 – 9:20a.m. Opening Remarks and Declaration of the
Opening of the Conference
MR. RUSSEL B. OBSIOMA
Corporate Secretary
Asian Society of Teachers for Research, Inc.

9: 21 – 9:30 a.m. Cambodia Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts
DR. JOCELYN L. REYES
Cavite State University

9:31– 9:35 a.m. Introduction of Keynote Speaker
10:36-10:30 am Keynote Speech
“Impact of Education Reform
into Education Sector in Cambodia
since 2014”
DR. CHAN ROATH
Department of Scientific Research
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
Cambodia
10:31 -10:45 a.m Awarding Ceremony
Research Advocacy Award
Best Abstract Award
Best Paper Award
Article Citation Award
10:45-11:15 nn Plenary Speaker 1
“Article Citation as Means
to Measure Journal and Author Impact”
DR. GENARO V. JAPOS
President
Philippine Association of Institutions
for Research, Inc.
Philippines

Conference Program
11:15 – 12:15 p.m. PAPER PRESENTATION
12:15-1:00 p.m LUNCHBREAK
1:01 – 5:00p.m. PAPER PRESENTATION
DAY 2 • July 23, 2018
8:01 – 9:00a.m. Registration
9:01 – 9:20a.m. Invocation
National Anthem of the Republic
of the Philippines
National Anthem of Cambodia
National Anthem of Countries Represented
9:20 – 12:00n.n. PAPER PRESENTATION

12:01 – 1:00p.m. LUNCHBREAK

1:01 – 3:30 p.m. PAPER PRESENTATION
3:31 – 4:00 a.m. Keynote Speech
PROF. DR. ROMEO D. CATURAO
University of Antique-Tario-Lim Campus
Philippines
4:01 – 5:00 p.m. Awarding Ceremonies
Best Oral Presenter Award
Awarding of Certificates to the Participants
Grand Pictorial
DAY 3 • July 24, 2018
8:01 – 5:00 p.m. Individual Exploration of Siem Reap,
Cambodia
ASIAN CONFERENCE ON INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 2018
July 22-24, 2018
Hôtel Sofitel Angkor Phokeethra Golf & Spa Resort
Siem Reap, Cambodia

Paper Presentations
Time Title of Paper Presenter/Institution/Country
SET A
11:15 -11:35 am
Dimensions of Teachers’ Teaching Effectiveness and
College Students’ Academic Performance Are Connected
DIEGO M. MALONES
Capiz State University-Pontevedra Campus
11:36-11:55 am
Teacher’s Effectiveness in Comprehension Instruction
among Grade 11 Senior High School Students: An
Evaluation
DYAN YONGQUE-FERRER
Fernando Air Base National High School
11:56-12:10 nn
Inquiry Level of Science Teachers in a Public School: An
Assessment
VIRGIE T. TACCAD
General Artemio Ricarte Memorial School
12:00-12:20 pm OPEN FORUM SET A
12:21-1:00pm LUNCH BREAK
SET B
1:01 – 1:20pm
Lettuce Grown in an Open Field and Protected Culture
Applied with Different Fermented Plant Juices
EDEN AZARCE ALAM
Capiz State University- Pontevedra Campus
1:21 – 1:40pm
Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Extract as an Alternative Stain
for Histological Studies
CARLO C. BONDOC
La Consolacion University
1:41 – 2:00 pm
The Potential of Utilizing Trichanthera gigantea Leaf Meal
on the Diet of Oreochromis niloticus Fry
ROMEO D. CATURAO
University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial
Campus
2:01 – 2:10pm Open Forum (SET B)
SET C
2:11 – 2:30pm
Responding to Educational Reform: The Senior High School
Implementation at Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College
JOMAR B. MENDOZA
Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College
NORA VELMA M. GAYOD
2:31 – 2:50 pm
Service Quality Dimensions for Department of Tourism
Region III’s Accredited Restaurants in Angeles City,
Philippines
RENNIER T. PEREZ
Systems Plus College Foundation
ROEL S. AGUSTIN
2:51 – 3:10 pm
The Viability of the Re-implementation of the Ferry Service
in the Port of Orion, Bataan, Philippines
JULIET ALLEGRA A. BLANAS
Bataan Peninsula State University-Main
Campus
3:11– 3:20 pm Open Forum (SET C)
Day 1: July 22, 2018; The Rainbow Room
July 22-24, 2018
Siem Reap, Cambodia

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SET D
3:21 – 3:40 pm
Status of Adopt-A-School Program (RA 8525) in Public
Elementary Schools in the Division of Cavite: Basis for a
Five-Year Strategic Development Plan
DEMETRIO R. RECTO JR.
Javalera Elementary School
EDNA A. BAYOT
Office of the Public Schools District Supervisor
City of General Trias
3:41 – 4;00pm
Decision-Making Practices and Transformational
Leadership Skills of College Deans in Private Higher
Educational Institutions in the National Capital Region
MARIA CARMEN POLACHE-CASEROS
Department of Education
4:01 – 4:20 pm
Faculty Empowerment Practices of a State University:
Basis for Proposed Faculty Empowerment Development
Program for Public Higher Education Institutions
JOCELYN L. REYES
4:21-4:40 pm
English Language Communicative Teaching and Learning
of the Association of Schools of the Augustinian Sisters: A
Basis for a Communicative Approach-Based Enhancement
Program
ENRICO F. ROSALES
4:51-5:00 pm Open Forum (SET D)
Time Title of Paper Presenter/Institution/Country
SET E
9:01-9:20 am
Magnifying Another Lens: An Intercultural Dialogue on
the Linguistic Influence of Teaching and Learning English
to Speakers of Other Languages
ERWIN L. PURCIA
9:21-9:40 am
Lived Experiences of Selected Pioneer Senior High School
Teachers
REYMOND A. MOSQUITO
Caraga Regional Science High School
9:41-10:00 am Essence of Aging: A Phenomenological Study
MARIA LUZ CALUMPANG-FUENTES
Silliman University
10:01-10:10am OPEN FORUM SET E
SET F
10:11 -10:30 am
Writing Errors of Grade Nine Students: Basis for Sentence
Writing Module
JHONATHAN L. ULIT
Camba National High School
10:31-10:50 am
Correlation between English Teachers’ Teaching Style and
English 123 Performance of AIMS Maritime Students: Ba-
sis in the Strategic Development of Teaching and Learning
Activities (TLA) in English
VICTOR M. CAJALA
Asian Institute of Maritime Studies
Paper Presentations
Day 2: July 23, 2018; The Rainbow Room

10:51-11:10 am
Right Master Plan to Express Ones’ Discernment (RIGHT
MED): An Intervention Program in English to Enrich the
Oral Skills of Grade 1 Pupils
VIRGIE T. TACCAD
11:11-11:40 am
Improving the Achievement of Grade 7 Students in
Science through Team Teaching
MARILOU TANADA
Bataan National High School
11:41-11:50nn OPEN FORUM SET F
11:51-1:00pm LUNCH BREAK
SET G
1:01 – 1:20pm
Status of Implementation of Constructivist, Collaboration,
Integrative, Inquiry-Based, and Reflective (2c2ir)
Pedagogical Approaches: Basis for Municipal - 2c2ir
Implementation Plan
LAURA O. GARCIA
JOSEPHINE M. MONZAGA
1:21 – 1:40pm
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
Competencies of Public Elementary School Teachers: Basis
for ICT Development Program
HELEN P. CATANAOAN
1;41 – 2:00 pm
Benchmarking on Industry-Based Competencies and
Circumstances on the Perspective of Bachelor of
Science in Tourism Management Graduates: Basis
for Curriculum Enhancement
LESLIE R. JORGE
Bataan Peninsula State University
2:01 – 2:10pm Open Forum SET G
SET H
2:11 – 2:30pm
Outcomes-Based Education in General Chemistry:
Its Influence on Maritime Students’ Knowledge,
Skills and Attitude
DIEGO M. MALONES
Capiz State University-Pontevedra
Campus
2:31 – 2:50 pm
Development of Instrument to Measure Students’
Attitude in Learning Mathematics
CARMEE LYN L. BALNEG
University of Southern Mindanao
2:51 – 3:10 pm
Predictors of Religiosity among High School
Adolescents of La Consolacion University
Philippines
CHRISTIAN ANGELO D. CATINDIG
La Consolacion University Philippines
3:10-3:30 pm
The Effect of Using Window Card Technique in
Improving the Performance of Grade 8 Students
ACELA G. RECENTES
Sto. Domingo Integrated School
3:31 – 3:40 pm Open Forum (SET H1)

10
n the past two decades, globalization of all fields, especially economics, science,
technology and politics have brought the world to an unprecedented stage of
competition and collaboration. To fully engage in a globalized economy, Cambodia needs
to realize our millennium development goals for sustainable development.
These goals call for deep reform of the education sector to develop human resources embodying
the knowledge, skills, attitudes and physical balance necessary for success in other sectors of the
economy.
Cambodia has the goal of developing its economy from a low-income to medium-high income
country by 2030 and a developed country by 2050. To realize this vision, the Royal Government
of Cambodia has to ensure reforms of all sectors, especially health, agriculture, industry and
tourism. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport has defined its priority plan of reforms,
especially teacher education and curriculum framework of general and technical education in
order to ensure qualified human resources to serve the all sectors of the society.
The results from the study on effectiveness and the results of the national examination of upper
secondary schools in 2014 indicated that the quality of general education today is low. Functional
literacy of students is limited even though they have competed primary education level or lower
secondary education level.
Many factors impact the quality of education but curriculum is especially important because it
guides instruction.
This reform effort seek to develop new documents based on current research evidence and
comprehensive consultation, focusing on subjects and sub-subjects and by grade level in order to
ensure effectiveness of teaching and learning and relevance with daily lives.
In order to be successful in a globalized economy, learners need to move beyond knowledge and
comprehension to the higher order skills of application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation.
Keywords: Education reform, curriculum framework, higher order skill, general education, daily
lives.
KEYNOTE
Impact of Education Reform
into Education Sector in Cambodia
since 2014
CHAN ROATH, PHD
Director, Department of Scientific Research
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, Cambodia
President, Cambodian Mathematical Society
I

ver the last decades new approaches to research had emerged that allow
for more flexibility, such as the interdisciplinary approach. Interdisciplinary
research is a type of study or research that draws from two or more disciplines
in order to gain more well-developed perspective or discover something new.
The National Academies has defined interdisciplinary research as “a mode of
research by teams or individuals that integrates information, data, techniques, tools,
perspectives, concepts, and/or theories from two or more disciplines or bodies of
specialized knowledge to advance fundamental understanding or to solve problems
whose solutions are beyond the scope of a single discipline or area of research practice.”
Furthermore, it is an approach in advancing scientific knowledge, where researchers
from different disciplines work at the borders of those disciplines in order to address
complex questions and problems. The assumption is sometimes made that anyone can
engage in interdisciplinary research should they choose to do so. But it is clear from a
considerable body of literature that successful interdisciplinary efforts require mastery
of specific competencies.
Influential scientists understood the importance
of educating future researchers using an
interdisciplinary approach. One of the
founding fathers of neuroanatomy, Santiago
Ramon Y Cajal, stressed the need for breadth
of knowledge in educating future scientists:
the biologist does not limit his studies to
anatomy and physiology, but also grasps
the fundamentals of psychology, physics,
and chemistry”. Likewise, Pierre-
Simon Laplace, mathematician and
astronomer, conferred that “to discover
is to bring together two ideas that were
previously unlinked”. Modern thinkers
such E. O. Wison, Linus Pauling, and
Anne Faustino-Sterling have cultivated
scientific schools of thought that
emerged from interdisciplinary research.
Therefore, the spirit of interdisciplinary
research lies at the core of basic
science, and particularly its translation to
widespread use.
KEYNOTE
O
ROMEO C. CATURAO, D. SC., PHD
University Professor
University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus

12
Article Citation is a popular means to indicate publication quality for both
the article authors and the journal. When metrics are applied, article citation
becomes author or journal impact. Citations depend on factors such as: field
dependence, journal dependence, article dependence and author/reader
dependence. Some articles are better cited than others. Team authored or
co-authored papers get more citation than solo-authored articles. Articles in
multidisciplinary journals get more citations due to their large public audience.
High-impact journals get higher citation rates. Research review articles also
receive higher citations. Some old papers continue to be cited also receive
more citations. When scientists seek research grants, file for tenure or
promotion or apply for faculty positions, they are
required to show evidence for impact factor
scores of the journals in which their papers
were published. A journal impact factor is
based on two elements: the numerator
which is the number of citations
in the current year to items
published in the previous two
years, and the denominator
which is the number of
substantive articles and
reviews published in the
same two years. Today,
the publish or perish
doctrine is replaced by
get published and be
cited or you die.
plenary
Article Citation as Means to Measure
Journal and Author Impact
GENARO V. JAPOS, PHD, DODT, DM, DHRM
President
Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc.

The Potential of Utilizing Trichanthera
gigantea Leaf Meal on the Diet of
Oreochromis niloticus Fry
ROMEO D. CATURAO
Faculty Empowerment Practices
of a State University: Basis for
Proposed Faculty Empowerment
Development Program for Public
Higher Education Institutions
JOCELYN L. REYES
July 22-24, 2018
Siem Reap, Cambodia
BEST ABSTRACT
BEST ABSTRACT
(Experimental Design)
(Descriptive/Quantitative Design)

14
Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Extract as an
Alternative Stain for Histological Studies
CARLO C. BONDOC
Essence of Aging:
A Phenomenological Study
MARIA LUZ
CALUMPANG-FUENTES
Silliman University
July 22-24, 2018
Siem Reap, Cambodia
BEST PAPER
BEST PAPER
(Experimental Design)
(Qualitative Design)

The Author Citation Award gives recognition to authors who have made an impact in the
scientific community through citations of their published research articles. The h-index
is computed through Harzing’s Publish or Perish Software which analyzes data and
citations from scholarly databases such as Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Scopus
and Web of Science, among others.
CHAN ROATH, PhD
Director, Department of Scientific
Research
Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport,
Cambodia
Total number of citations: 1
h-index: 1
ROMEO D. CATURAO, PhD, D.Sc.
University Professor
University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus,
Philippines
Total number of citations: 81
h-index: 4
July 22-24, 2018
Siem Reap, Cambodia
AUTHOR
CITATION AWARD

16
hat is the biggest challenge in education today? Well, there is no shortage of challenges
in education and academicians have different ways to welcome or shun the challenges and
changes in the educational system.
The educational system today has more concerns other than instruction. There is a call for
research, extension and even production; though, it seems that there is a louder call for research. This
transition is not only complex but also requires a mindset that makes an educator flexible and motivated to
perform towards the other mandates. Educators face the challenge of being outcast if they don’t swing with
the new trends. The reality is, they don’t just educate and nurture the learners in the process, educators
also educate themselves.
One of the challenges is to elevate the status of teaching as a career choice, to attract more adept
people into teaching and to develop teaching as a knowledge-based occupation. However, academic
institutions need researchers and teachers, but there is significant demand for those who ably do both
teaching and researching. The teachers’ research efforts keep them abreast with current trends and
develop in them the potential to be equipped and competent facilitators of learning.
After a long day work, browsing facebook and other social media is more inviting than spending time
surfing the net for research ideas, or delving into a book of abstracts that may challenge teachers to think
deeply about researchable areas. Yet, research has become a way of life for academicians. Technology has
transformed teachers into brilliant gatherers of information and the thing is, available information is almost
infinite. From books, journals, blogs, online sources and tools that provide access to an overwhelming
volume of knowledge, they can study and dig deeper into any subject, and be interdisciplinary.
Yes, the research process is one of the most taxing academic tasks. Fortunately, the price and prize
of conducting research, writing a research paper and publishing article are beyond the usual expectations.
Therefore, it is absolutely gratifying for teachers to develop research capabilities and cross-cutting skills.
Teacher-researchers can verify various theoretical concepts through empirical research, thereby increasing
their teaching credibility. Teachers who indulge in research endeavors enhance their academic worth.
The Asian Society of Teachers for Research (ASTR) brilliantly creates a platform for teacher-researchers
and hold the 2nd Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary Research 2018 (ACIR 2018) themed Interdisciplinary
of Abstracts
JOCELYN L. REYES
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-9066
elenjoy_dec82007@yahoo.com
Philippines

Research as Means to Achieve Educational Outcomes. This conference highlights the role of interdisciplinary
research in arriving at educational results which equip individuals in the globally competitive world.
Interdisciplinary research is a mode of research by teams or individuals that integrates information, data,
techniques, tools, perspectives, concepts, and/or theories from two or more disciplines or bodies of specialized
knowledge to advance fundamental understanding or to solve problems whose solutions are beyond the scope
of a single discipline or area of research practice (National Academies’ report, 2004).
Paper presentation in the conference includes an array of completed researches in various disciplines:
education, agriculture, educational management, information technology, religion and others. The research-
based papers provide enormous new findings, relevant results and significant outputs.
A study on the connection of dimensions of teaching effectiveness and students’ academic performance
revealed that students’ performance differed significantly when classified as to the level of teaching effectiveness;
and significantly correlated to their teachers’ commitment, knowledge of subject, teaching for independent
learning and management of learning. On the other hand, the study on teachers’ effectiveness in comprehension
instruction and assessment of science teachers’ inquiry level discovers that there is a need to develop the
teachers’ inquiry skills and inquiry level.
Research results are significant inputs to future plans and development of models. Results of the assessment
of English language communicative teaching and learning serve as basis for a communicative approach-based
enhancement program. A related study, a correlation between English teachers’ teaching style and maritime
students’ performance yields basis for the strategic development of teaching and learning activities in English.
A study on the status of adopt-a-school program in public elementary schools provides basis for a five-year
strategic development plan. Likewise, research results of the assessment of faculty empowerment practices in
a state university serve as basis for a proposed faculty empowerment development program model for public
higher education institutions. Moreso, a benchmarking on industry-based competencies and circumstances on
the perspective of BS Tourism Management graduates provides input for curriculum enhancement. Assessment
findings of information and communication technology competencies of public elementary teachers are used
as basis for ICT development program. On the other hand, an assessment of the status of implementation of

18
constructivist, collaborative, integrative, inquiry-based and reflective (2c2ir) pedagogical approaches provides
basis for municipal 2c2ir implementation plan.
A study conducted among college deans in private higher education institutions unravels the significant
relationship between their decision-making practices and transformational leadership skills. On the other hand,
an evaluation of the lived experiences of senior high school teachers in the implementation of senior high school
program discloses that these experiences are fulfilling and encourages commitment and passion despite the
challenges encountered.
A study on an intercultural dialogue on the linguistic influence of teaching and learning English to speakers
of other languages results to an in-depth understanding of the linguistic influence of the English language in
as far as its teaching-learning process is concerned. A research which deals with a right master plan to express
one’s discernment (RIGHT MED) – an intervention program in English to enrich pupils’ oral skills reveals the
improvement of their speaking skills and gradual decrease in fear in using the English language.
Some researches deal with students’ academic performance in science and mathematics. An assessment
of the influence of outcomes-based education in general chemistry on maritime students’ knowledge, skills and
attitude discloses that there is a significant relationship between students’ knowledge and skills; and concludes
that OBE improves students’ knowledge and skills. A related study on students’ performance in science reveals
that students taught thru team teaching perform significantly better than those taught by a single instructor.
A study which evaluates the effect of using window card technique in improving the students’ performance
reveals that majority of the students accept the new strategy of window card technique which remarkably
improves their grades in mathematics. A study geared towards the development of standardized instrument to
measure the students’ attitude in learning mathematics yields an acceptable and reliable instrument which can
be used to quantify the attitude of the students in learning mathematics.
A study of the predictors of religiosity among school adolescents reveals that the significant predictors
are attendance to religious services for the past years; attendance to recollection and religious talks; and family
religious practices. The comparison of religiosity across the life span suggests that religiosity declines during high
school and stabilizes at relatively low levels during adolescence.
A study establishes the potential of Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal supplementation on the diet of
Oreachromis niloticus fry, thereby identifying a cheap source of protein from plants. A related study on
nourishment from plants, the evaluation of lettuce growth in an open field and protected culture applied with
different fermented plant juices identifies kakawate fermented plant juice to
be very effective in producing more lettuce leaves in the open field;
hence, resulting to better yield. Still on plants, a study on turmeric
or Curcuma longa extract as an alternative stain for histological
studies discloses that this alternative stain can be used as
substitute to commercially available stains.
Research is life! A researcher’s life is beautiful! To the
organizers of 2nd Asian Conference on Interdisciplinary
Research 2018 (ACIR 2018) themed Interdisciplinary
Research as Means to Achieve Educational Outcomes,
thank you very much for the opportunity.

CARMEE LYN L. BALNEG
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-5885
carmeelynbalneg@gmail.com
University of Southern Mindanao
Philippines
Attitude in learning mathematics is difficult to measure and is likely to have subjective findings. Hence,
the researcher finds the need to develop an instrument that can measure objectively the attitude of
senior high school students in learning mathematics. This is a mixed-mode research which utilized
both qualitative and quantitative type. The Grade 11 students of University of Southern Mindanao
Kidapawan City Campus school year 2017-2018 served as the participants of this study. They shared
their feelings, personal experiences and coping mechanisms to the researcher which were triangulated
through: listing down of relevant statements, focused group discussion and one-on-one interview.
Based on the first hand information from the respondents and with the extensive review of related
literature, the questionnaire had been divided into five areas: interest, value, confidence, motivation,
and study habits. The instrument had been content validated by experts coming from the same
institution. Then, the researcher conducted a pilot testing of the questionnaire; the Grade 12 students
serve as the subject. An item analysis and test of reliability took place; the α coefficient suggests that
the instrument is acceptable. After all the steps conducted, a 50-item instrument is developed. This
instrument can be used to quantify the attitude of the students in learning Mathematics.
Keywords: Education, Attitude in Learning Mathematics, Development of Instrument, Philippines/Asia
Development of Standardized Instrument to Measure the Attitude
in Learning Mathematics of Senior High School Students
CARLO C. BONDOC
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-5199
bondocarlo.25@gmail.com
Philippines
Most chemically-synthesized stains used in histological practices are expensive, hazardous to human
and animal health, and threatening to the environment. Extraction of natural dye out of local plants
have gained global interest and give promising tissue staining when outcomes are investigated.
Curcuma longa rhizomes are proven to contain curcuminoids that exhibit various medicinal properties,
and curcumin the bright yellow component of the plant that is being used as colorant. This natural dye
from Curcuma longa provides significant alternative as they are safer to use without health hazards,
biodegradable, and have easy disposability. Nine biological specimens were used to compare the
staining capacity of 15, 20, and 25-gram concentrations of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract and the
commercial stain and were observed under microscope. The results revealed that the 15, 20, and
25-gram of turmeric stains do not have significant differences in the staining effect on various plant
and animal tissues. Also, the staining effects of commercial and Turmeric stains on monocot and dicot
root and stem, leaf midrib, frog blood smear, and cycloid scale do not have significant differences
Therefore, the alternative stain out of Turmeric can be used as substitute to commercially available
stains. However, it cannot be a substitute stain for squashed spinal cord and cheek cells.
Keywords: Histology, turmeric, Curcuma longa L., alternative stain, experimental design, Philippines
Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Extract as an Alternative Stain for Histological Studies

20
VICTOR M. CAJALA
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-9971
vcajala@yahoo.com
Asian Institute of Maritime Studies
Philippines
Many teachers widely apply teacher-centered methods than student-centered methods. However,
in specialized writing classes, such as English 123, the former method is not a guarantee for students
to learn the tenets of good and effective writing. Thus, this study aimed at determining if there exist a
significant relationship between the present teaching styles of English 123 teachers and the English 123
course performance of the students of Asian Institute of Maritime Students (AIMS). Using the descriptive-
correlation design, the study employed 273 freshmen maritime students and nine English 123 professors as
respondents of the study. Most of the students found their professors to possess an “Expert” and “Personal
Model’ teaching styles while majority of the professors have classified themselves to possess an “Expert”
and “Formal Authority” teaching styles. Based on the frequently appearing style of teaching, it is equated
that the professors have a teacher-centered teaching style. With the reflected teaching styles, only few
gained a very good grade of 91 and above. At the most, almost one third of them gained a low grade of
80 and below which warrants an improvement of achievement in English 123. Greater frequencies of high
grades are seen from students under the “Expert” (grade range from 86 to 91 and above) as well as from
“Personal Model” professors (grades from 86 – 90) while low frequencies of high grades are observed under
the “Formal Authority” and “Delegator” professors. Hence, a significant relationship between students’
English 123 performance and the professors’ teaching styles exist.
Keywords: Education, pedagogy, andragogy, teaching style, correlation descriptive-correlational design,
Philippines
MARIA LUZ CALUMPANG-FUENTES
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2133
merloclinpsych@gmail.com
Silliman University
Philippines
Accepting the fact that one is “continuously aging” will lead to a more positive outlook in life. If this
notion is generally embraced, then aging becomes an exciting experience because one could look at
it as a journey rather than as a destination. Getting the study’s main objective, the study attempts
to determine the lived experience of older adults 75 years old and above. The theories on the activ-
ity, continuity, exchange, and disengagement in the personal adjustment of the older adults serve as
its backbone. The qualitative research method of descriptive phenomenology, the fourteen steps in
analyzing interview data by Hycner (1985) and hermeneutic phenomenology were used in this study.
Finding reveals that keeping a positive attitude toward aging is particularly important as it allows one
to continue to feel good and have a sense of control as one faces another part of the cycle of life. Thus,
it can be concluded that aging becomes a journey if one sees aging as a natural occurrence of life. It
is recommended then that school curricula may be developed and be implemented addressing aging
issues in order to increase intergenerational reciprocity gaps between the youth and older adults.
Keywords: Geriatrics, aging, phenomenology, Philippines
Correlation between English Teachers’ Teaching Style and English 123 Performance of AIMS Maritime
Students: Basis in the Strategic Development of Teaching and Learning Activities (TLA) in English
Essence of Aging: A Phenomenological Study

HELEN P. CATANAOAN
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-4260
helen.catanaoan@gmail.com
DepEd- Gen. Artemio Ricarte Memorial School
Philippines

The world is now in the 21st
-century learning that requires teachers to effectively use Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) tools in carrying out their duties. This study aimed to assess the level
of ICT competencies of selected District II public elementary school teachers in the city of General
Trias, Cavite, Philippines. The proponent employed descriptive research design. The researcher used
a teacher-made questionnaire and administered it through online survey format. The quantitative
data from the online survey were evaluated and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools. The
researcher concluded that the teachers’ ICT competency based on the responses of the teachers and
pupils is generally at a moderate level. The result also showed that there existed a significant difference
between the responses of the teacher-participants and pupil-participants only in the use of the
interactive whiteboard. The researcher highly recommends the use of the proposed ICT development
program for elementary school teachers to assist them in improving their level of ICT competencies
which will bring out confidence and capability to integrate technology in the teaching and learning
process. The implementation of a comprehensive development program of teachers will help them
develop the ICT skills that will help them to facilitate work easier, faster and better in other teaching-
related tasks.
Keywords: Education, technology in education, information and communication technology,
competencies, descriptive design, Philippines
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Competencies of Public Elementary
School Teachers: Basis for ICT Development Program
ERWIN L. PURCIA
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3167-7746
erwinpurcia@yahoo.com
Philippines
Teaching English to speakers of other languages remained one of the perennial concerns of many countries not just
in Asia but even in other places where English is reckoned as an instructional language. This study aimed to arrive
at an in-depth understanding of the linguistic influence of the English language in as far as its teaching-learning
process is concerned. Involving Key Research Informants (KRIs) from three different nations vid. Philippines,
South Korea and Bali, Indonesia, the researcher has phenomenologically delved into the veracity of teaching and
learning the language among these countries and deciphered on their shared practices as basis for a comparative
analysis. Thematically analyzed via axial coding, results revealed that both Korean and Balinese English language
learners share similar teaching-learning practices. English to them is a privilege and only those who can afford
to enroll in an English crash course program can have the nitty-gritty of the language unless otherwise, they
pursue baccalaureate degrees which only the affluent ones could afford. Further, English is taught in both
countries based on the principles of structural linguistics whereby the use of such a language is strictly governed
by rules of grammatical categories which eventually hamper them to speak it freely. Thus, for them spoken or
oral communication becomes an issue. In the Philippines, however, Filipinos are dubbed fluent with the language
as this has been part of their curriculum and is taught by functionalism where learners are given the freedom to
speak whatever they have in mind so long that feedback mechanism is established. By then, they do not have the
inhibitions to use the language because for them, it comes out naturally.
Keywords: Intercultural dialogue, linguistic influence, TESOL, phenomenology, Asian countries
Magnifying Another Lens: An Intercultural Dialogue on the Linguistic Influence of
Teaching and Learning English to Speakers of Other Languages

22
CHRISTIAN ANGELO D. CATINDIG
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-9644
catindigc0518@yahoo.com
La Consolacion University Philippines
Philippines
The study seek to advance the over-all understanding of religiosity among the High School Adoles-
cents of La Consolacion University, Philippines by comparing the identified predictors that are divided
into three factors; Personal Demographics, School-Related Factors, and Family-Related Factors. Youth
of today are an interesting test case in studying religious development. Involving 354 students from
Grade 11 Senior High School Basic Education Department of LCUP, the study revealed that among the
fifteen identified predictors only four was significantly related to religiosity namely the Attendance to
Religious Services for the past years under Personal Demographic Factors, Attendance to Recollection
and Religious Talks under School-Related Factors, and Family Religious Practices under Family-Related
Factors. These analyses indicate the importance of religious character models in the development of
once religiosity. Moreover, The purpose of this study is to implement as manifested in religious activi-
ties such as; attending religious services, praying, ascribing values to one’s religious belief since the
comparison of religiosity across the lifespan suggests that religiosity declines during high school and
stabilizes (at least temporarily) at relatively low levels during late adolescence.
Keywords: Religiosity, high school adolescents, demographics, school, family, descriptive design,
Philippines
ROMEO D. CATURAO
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-4859
romeocaturao@gmail.com
Philippines
While quality feeds and good feeding practices for larval rearing of tilapia fry has been established,
other cheap source of protein from plant sources has not been fully explored. In this study, the poten-
tial of Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal supplementation on the diet of O. niloticus fry was evaluated
in a complete randomized design in four treatments replicated three times: (Treatment 1, 75% TG +
25% Fm; Treatment 2, 50% TG + 50% Fm; Treatment 3, 25% TG + 75% Cd; and Treatment 4, 100% Cd
without TG, as control). Each treatment was stocked with fifty (50) tilapia fry with an average body
weight of 0.42 g and an average body length of 27 mm and reared for two months. Sampling of growth
and survival rate were done every two weeks, and water quality parameters were monitored daily.
One Way Analysis of Variance was used to determine significant difference among treatments at 0.05
alpha. Results showed that fish fed 75% TG with 25% Fm had significantly (p>0.05) higher ABW (4.29+
0.242g), ABL (62.45+0.312 mm), and SR (90.40+0.561%) at the end of the culture compared from the
rest of the treatments. Tricanthera gigantea can be a potential leaf meal supplementation on the diet
of O. niloticus fry.
Keywords:Feeding,larvalrearing,potential,leafmealsupplementation,commercialdiets,Trichanthera
gigantea, O. niloticus, experimental design, Philippines, Asia
Predictors of Religiosity among High School Adolescents of La Consolacion
University Philippines
The Potential of Utilizing Trichanthera gigantea Leaf Meal on the Diet
of Oreochromis niloticus Fry

JOMAR B. MENDOZA
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-6498
qao@dclc.edu.ph
Philippines
This study determined the teachers and learners’ perceptions, factors and problems encountered in
the implementation of the Senior High School Program in Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College (DCLC). Utilizing
the descriptive-correlation method of research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to serve as
its main instrument in gathering the needed data in this study. It was pilot tested and has undergone
test of reliability through Cronbach’s alpha to measure its specific constructs. It involved 85 Grade
12 students and 35 teachers of Senior High School during the Academic Year 2017-2018 selected
through convenience sampling. Based from the result, they perceived that the Senior High School
Program in DCLC is implemented as to school learning environment, teacher’s competence, school
physical facilities, student’s participation, school system support, and community and other agencies
support and such can be considered as factors influencing the implementation of the program. Thus,
its implementation shall be maintained and strengthened to address its changing needs and demands
of time. Consequently, inputs of this study shall serve as basis for policy redirection to be instituted
in carrying out projects within the Senior High School umbrella that shall be revisited among the
measures of the quality management system of the institution.
Keywords: Basic Education, Senior High School Implementation, policy direction, descriptive-
correlational, Philippines
Responding to Educational Reform: The Senior High School Implementation
at Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College
NORA VELMA M. GAYOD
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-1224
svp@@dclc.edu.ph
Philippines
JULIET ALLEGRA A. BLANAS
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-1301
julietblanas@gmail.com
Bataan Peninsula State University-Main Campus
Philippines
Since history has proven that economic prosperity depends on the improvement of transportation
facilities as it is considered a basic necessity in the development of an economy because of the constant
need for travel and trade. This descriptive study aims to assess the re-emergence of the ferry services
operation particularly in Bataan-Manila area and find out whether it could become a viable source of
income to the province in general. The study made use of a researcher made instrument which was
validated by various experts in the field of transport service, research, business and statistics. It was
then distributed and retrieved from the travelling public all over Bataan. Further, this study revealed
that majority of the commuters to and from Bataan travel for the purpose of business, school, work
and social purposes such that they need a mode of transport that has facilities and amenities that
give enough accommodation. Significantly, it must be well-maintained wherein consumers should feel
security while on board plus a fare that is reasonable. Further, the transport operation must employ
personnel who are courteous and accommodating to attract more passengers to travel and to entice
them from using the ferry services and be the commuters’ preference.
Keywords: Transportation, transport services, ferry services, descriptive study, Philippines, Asia
The Viability of the Re-implementation of the Ferry Service in the Port
of Orion, Bataan, Philippines

24
DEMETRIO R. RECTO JR.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-1467
demetrio.rectojr@gmail.com
Javalera Elementary School
Philippines
Education is regarded as the most vital service a government can provide its people. The study
aimed to determine the status of Adopt-A-School Program (ASP) in public elementary schools in the
Division of Cavite, Philippines. Using descriptive method of research, it was conducted to the selected
elementary schools in the Division that are implementing the ASP with the survey questionnaire as
the main instrument in gathering the data. It then subjected to the following statistical treatments:
weighted mean, chi-square, and t-test. The study revealed that all the variables were rated moderately
implemented except for “Assistive Learning Device” which was rated fairly implemented. The identified
facilitating and hindering factors on the implementation of the ASP were found to be facilitating and
hindering. The implementation, facilitating and hindering factors when related to school profiles have
shown significant relationships except for “Physical Facilities”, “Direct Assistance” and “Assistive Learning
Device” which were rated not significant when related to facilities, and finally, there is no significant
difference between the assessments of the two groups of respondents on ASP. The study concluded
that the implementation of ASP is moderately implemented; all the indicators in the different variables
was moderately facilitating/hindering; the implementation, facilitating/hindering factors as related to
school profiles have significant relationships and there were no significant differences in the assessment
of the respondents in the implementation of the Program.
Keywords: Education, Adopt-A-School Program, Republic Act 8525, partnerships, descriptive study,
Philippines
ENRICO F. ROSALES
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-0081
efr64@yahoo.com
Philippines
This research assessed the use of Communicative Approach in teaching Communication Arts English in
selected ASAS Schools. The result of the data analysis was used as basis toward developing a Communicative
Approach-Based Enhancement Program of the ASAS Schools. Using the descriptive-survey method, the
respondents of this study were the students, Subject Area Coordinators, and Teachers of English from the
eleven (11) ASAS schools. A questionnaire and classroom observations were used as data gathering tools
by the researcher on the assessment on the use and effectiveness of communicative approach in teaching
Communication Arts English. The communicative needs of the high school students in Communication
Arts English as to the four communicative language skills such as listening , speaking, reading and writing,
listening as perceived by the students and the subject area coordinators are to a Great Extent except for
the skill in listening that is to a Very Great Extent. The use of communicative approach and the degree of
effectiveness in teaching Communication Arts English based on the classroom observation of the Subject
Area Coordinators and the perception of the student-respondents respectively as to the role of the teacher
on the use of the communicative approach, instructional materials utilized and strategies and techniques
employed resulted a Moderate Extent and Effective respectively for both group of respondents. Of the 15
problems encountered by the teachers on the use of the communicative approach, two are Slightly Serious,
six are Moderately Serious, seven are Serious.
Keywords: English language teaching and learning, communicative approach, communicative approached-
based enhancement program, descriptive survey method, Philippines
Status of Adopt-A-School Program (RA 8525) in Public Elementary Schools in
the Division of Cavite: Basis for a Five-Year Strategic Development Plan
EDNA A. BAYOT
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-4702
edna.bayot@deped.ph
Office of the Public Schools District
Supervisor City of General Trias, Philippines
English Language Communicative Teaching and Learning of the Association of Schools of the
Augustinian Sisters: A Basis for a Communicative Approach-Based Enhancement Program

VIRGIE T. TACCAD
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-2560
del_taccad@yahoo.com
Philippines
This research was designed to address the prevalent issues of the traditional way of teaching--teacher-
centered/driven learning. This research study utilized systematic sampling where seven 17% of 41
total population of teaching personnel in General Artemio Ricarte Memorial School (GARMS), one of
the public schools in General Trias City, Philippines. This seven respondents were the science teachers
of the school from grades 3 to 6. In this study, the respondents provided necessary information by
checking the indicators they think they are as teachers of Science using the revised article “Many levels
of Inquiry”. Voluntary participation of the participants was considered in the conduct of the study.
The confidentiality of the respondents was also considered thus putting names in the checklist was
optional. Afterwhich, the researcher gathered and consolidated the data reflected in the checklist.
There after the retrieval of the instrument, the researcher tabulated, analyzed and interpreted the
results. After the conduct of study, it was revealed that four out of seven science teachers of GARMS
were considered beginners in using inquiry-based approach. It was discovered that there is need to
develop the inquiry skills and inquiry level of the teachers for better result of education. It was also
exposed that Programs and trainings are needed to improve the inquiry skills of the science teachers.
Keywords: Education, inquiry-based approach, science teachers, descriptive design, Philippines
VIRGIE T. TACCAD
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-2560
del_taccad@yahoo.com
Philippines
Most pupils, especially beginners, are afraid of committing errors in communicating using English
as the language. These children, then, choose not to talk or not to participate in any circumstances.
Accordingly, this is an over-the-hill problem that most of the English teachers in General Artemio Ricarte
Memorial School (GARMS) face every year resulting to poor academic performance of the pupils.
Since the progress of the respondents in Speaking Skill is being monitored, the experimental method
of research was used. This method fits appropriately in this case study format using developmental
design. In this study, forty (40) grade1 pupils’ Speaking Skill of GARMS in General Trias City, Cavite,
Philippines was assessed according to following pointers of English Language Proficiency: Starting,
Developing, Expanding and Bridging. The respondents were given diverse activities which developed
their speaking skills. After the conduct of the study in November 2016 to December 2017, the result
revealed the improvement of the speaking skills of the respondents. It was revealed that in one way or
another, the fear of the pupils in using the English language slowly dissolved.
Keywords: Education, intervention program, second language, English, oral skills, experimental design,
Philippines
Inquiry Level of Science Teachers in a Public School: An Assessment
Right Master Plan to Express Ones’ Discernment (RIGHT MED): An Intervention
Program in English to Enrich the Oral Skills of Grade 1 Pupils

26
MARILOU J. TAÑADA
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-7295
marilou.tanada@yahoo.com
Bataan National High School
Philippines
This study discusses an innovative program of team teaching of Grade 7 in Science at Bataan National
High School for the school year 2016-2017. The pre-test and post-test was randomly assigned (using
lottery) to two groups. The experimental study investigated the effects of team teaching in the achieve-
ment of the Grade 7 students in Science. A total of 94 students participated in the study. Half of it was
assigned as the control group while the other half for the experimental group. Data for the study was
collected using the Achievement Test in Science which was developed by the researcher and validated
by the experts. The obtained data were analyzed with t-test statistics for research results. The result
revealed that there was a significant difference between the post-test of the experimental group and
the control group. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-
test of the experimental and control groups. This suggests that the respondents from the control group
and experimental group both improved after the course of the study and experiment. The accumu-
lated results revealed that students have improved their scores and performance in Science Grade 7
proved that team teaching can significantly uplift their achievement scores. Thus, the team must be
well coordinated, and the expert must share his/her knowledge to the non-specialist. Students taught
Science 7 through team teaching approach performed significantly better than students taught by a
single instructor.
Keywords: Education, pedagogy, science, academic achievement, team teaching, experimental design,
Philippines
JHONATHAN L. ULIT
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-3010
jhonathan.ulit15@gmail.com
Camba National High School
Philippines
This study determined the sentence writing errors of the grade nine students at Dolores National High
School, Magalang, Pampanga, Philippines. Seventy grade nine students served as the respondents of
the study. The holistic sentence rubric, California Education Language and Development Test (CELDT),
was used in analyzing the written sentences of the respondents. The statistical tools such as mean,
frequency and ranking, and T-Test Independent Variable were used. The findings revealed that both
in pretest and posttest, capitalization was the most persistent sentence error in mechanical category
and wrong word choice in structural category. However, the use of preposition was the most persistent
error under grammatical category for pretest only since tense/form of verb became the most persistent
error in posttest. The grade nine students’ level of writing performance in pretest fell from emerging
communication to basic communication in posttest after the conducted intervention. The respondents’
most persistent sentence error in pretest in each category had highly significant difference to their
most persistent sentence error in posttest. It also revealed that the respondents’ scores in pretest
had highly significant difference to their scores in posttest. The sentence writing module was strongly
agreed by the validators with an overall mean of 4.65.
Keywords: Education, writing errors, grade nine students, sentence writing module, descriptive design,
Philippines
Improving the Achievement of Grade 7 Students in Science through Team Teaching
Writing Errors of Grade Nine Students: Basis for Sentence Writing Module

DYAN YONGQUE-FERRER
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-1614
dyanferrer02@gmail.com
Fernando Air Base National High School
Philippines
Students need to know the different structures of narrative and expository texts. Interestingly, these
components of effective comprehension instruction appear to be necessary for all grade levels, not
just for older students. The study aimed to determine the extent of implementation of Grade 11 SHS
teachers in comprehension instruction. This study used the quantitative features in the design, data
collection and analysis. As perceived by the teachers, among the categories, stimulating student’s
participation story-telling, poem and song appreciation and by arousing student’s interest in the story
and poem got the highest rank in motivating comprehension instruction. The study concluded that
reading comprehension which is a part of teaching English as the second language requires motivation,
mental frameworks for holding ideas, concentration and good study techniques. Explicitness with
which teachers teaches comprehension strategies makes a difference in learner’s outcomes, especially
for low-achieving students. The role of vocabulary instruction in enhancing comprehension is complex.
Various aspects of word consciousness was crucial to strategies for independent word learning
especially in Philippine setting where Filipino is the mother tongue.
Keywords: Education, comprehension instruction, effectiveness, senior high school, descriptive design,
Philippines
Co-author: Evangeline B. Escabel
Teacher’s Effectiveness in Comprehension Instruction among Grade 11 Senior High
School Students: An Evaluation
LAURA O. GARCIA
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-7421
laura.garcia@deped.gov.ph
Philippines
The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the status of the Implementation of Constructivist,
Collaboration, Integrative, Inquiry-Based, and Reflective (2C2IR) Pedagogical Approaches in the
City of General Trias, Philippines. A descriptive method was used in the study. The sets of survey
questionnaires were the main instruments used to gather data. From the results of the study, a
Municipal 2C2IR Implementation Plan was developed for the utilization of all school heads and master
teachers to further improve teaching competency of teachers and utilize the 2C2IR most effectively
and appropriately for the pupils. Generally, Collaborative Approach was the most common approach
utilized by most of the teachers in General Trias City as revealed by the school heads and the master
teachers in their observations. It was notably reported that the approach employed was delivered with
mastery and developed with appropriateness based on the diversity of learners. The “competent”
remark was rated by the respondents as it was used always by the teachers in their respective schools
which had percentile of 100% both for teachers competence and appropriateness and relevance.
Therefore, only two indicators were considered capabilities with perfect percentile score.
Keywords: Education, pedagogy, Constructivist, Collaboration, Integrative, Inquiry-Based, Reflective,
Pedagogical Approaches, 2C2IR Approach
StatusofImplementationofConstructivist,Collaboration,Integrative,Inquiry-Based,andReflective
( 2C2IR) Pedagogical Approaches in General Trias City , Philippines
JOSEPHINE M. MONZAGA
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-7800
josephine.monzaga@deped.gov.ph
Philippines

28
RENNIER T. PEREZ
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-3320
perezrennier@gmail.com
Philippines
The study deals about measuring the service quality (SERVQUAL) dimensions on the setting of the accredited restaurants
of the Department of Tourism (DOT) in Angeles City, Philippines. The dimensions that were measured are food quality,
tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Respondents of the study were the current and past
customers of the participating restaurants wherein the survey outcome depicts positive results. The outcome of the
study suggested that seven DOT accredited restaurants of Angeles City, Philippines possesses quality in their service
delivery in the following SERVQUAL dimensions evidenced on the agreement of their respective respondents. More so,
all seven service quality dimensions in combination affects customer satisfaction. This finding provides DOT accredited
restaurants in Angeles City, Philippines an indication that they need to work on specific action plans to sustain their
services in line with the SERVQUAL dimensions rated strongly by the respondents of this study. Based from the overall
consolidated rating, it shows that lack of parking space is still an issue for the respondents, this attribute got the lowest
rating of 3.42 which reads “Fairly Agree”, although restaurants are mostly located in business districts which provides
limited parking, the researchers therefore suggests and recommends that these restaurants aid the call for maximization
of utilization of public transportation as an alternative way of getting by around the city, with the projects on going with
the road improvisation of Angeles City, this will pave the way to achieve the said. Moreover, responsiveness rated the
lowest amongst the 7 variables, but with proper training session to improve on this aspect of service delivery, which
includes; proactively correcting mistakes, Staff well-trained on speed of service, the initiation of extra efforts in deliver
of customer service, and employees ability to completely handle guest complains in a manner by which it ends into a
win-win resolution.
Keywords: Hotel and restaurant management, service quality, SERVQUAL, accredited restaurants, descriptive
design, Philippines
EDEN AZARCE ALAM
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-5671
eden_alam214@yahoo.com.ph
Capiz State University- Pontevedra Campus
Philippines
This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of lettuce in the open field
and protected culture with the different fermented plant juices. The experiment was laid out for a
two-factor experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The
treatments: Factor A (Type of Culture); C1 – Open Filed and C2 – Protected Culture and, Factor B (FPJ); F1
– No FPJ (control), F2 – Azola, F3 – Kakawate and F4 – Ipil-ipil.Lettuce in the protected culture produced
significantly longer and more leaves at 15 DAT but not at 30, 45 and 60 DAT. No significant effect was
noted on the width of leaves as affected by the two types of culture.Regardless of culture, plants
applied with kakawate FPJ produced longer leaf 15 DAT with a mean of 3.73cm. Also, it significantly
influenced the number of leaves at 45 and 60 DAT with means of 13.43 and 19.13, respectively. Among
the four sources of FPJ, kakawate was effective in producing the heavier plants with a mean of 111.4g.
Likewise, kakawate FPJ was very effective in producing more leaves in the open field.
Keywords: Organic fertilization, lettuce, fermented plant juice, open field, protected culture,
experimental design, Philippines
Service Quality Dimensions for Department of Tourism Region III’s Accredited Restaurants in
Angeles City, Philippines
Lettuce Grown in an Open Field and Protected Culture Applied with Different
Fermented Plant Juices
ROEL S. AGUSTIN
https://orcid.org/0002-8007-483X
roelagustin@yahoo.com
Philippines

LESLIE R. JORGE
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7993-787X
leslie_jorge@yahoo.com
Bataan Peninsula State University
Philippines
The study aims to identify competencies needed in the Tourism Industry Workforce from the
perspective of graduates who are directly affected by the fast paced changes in the growing Tourism
Industry. The study identified labor competencies required to fill the current tourism workforce in
the Philippines and determine whether educational institutions honed competent and skilled
graduates geared towards working in the Tourism Industry. Descriptive method is used to identify the
competencies needed through the graduates’ perspectives and experiences in job application and
Hiring Process. Using validated researcher made instrument, reaching out to respondents’ through
home visitations, utilization of social networking sites and telephone interviews. The study revealed
that the competencies needed in the Tourism Industry workforce are: Education such as Baccalaureate
degree, trainings, seminars and OJT; Contact-Based Competencies such as Communication Skills,
Customer Service Skills and Computer Literacy; Personality and Physical Attributes such as confidence,
smile, height, good human relations and good grooming practices. The study also reckon that Bataan
Peninsula State University is producing highly competent and skilled graduates but lacks guidance in
providing direction to graduates in striving harder to acquire Tourism Related Jobs.
Keywords: Curriculum enhancement, tourism management, ASEAN Integration, descriptive design,
Philippines
Benchmarking on Industry-Based Competencies and Circumstances on the Perspective of Bachelor
of Science in Tourism Management Graduates: Basis for Curriculum Enhancement
JOCELYN L. REYES
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-9066
elenjoy_dec82007@yahoo.com
Philippines
Empowerment is anchored on the idea that giving faculty motivation, opportunities and resources, as
well as responsibility and accountability for outcomes of their actions, contributes to an atmosphere
of trust, competence and satisfaction in the workplace. This study aims to assess the extent of imple-
mentation of the faculty empowerment practices in selected campuses of Cavite State University. To
gather data, survey questionnaire and interview are used. The z-test of independent mean is used to
determine if there is significant difference between the assessment of extent of implementation of em-
powerment practices by the administrators and faculty. Administrators and faculty perceive that em-
powerment practices in terms of faculty participation in decision-making; faculty participation in poli-
cy-making; faculty professional status; faculty professional development; faculty organizations; faculty
efficacy; and faculty academic freedom are implemented in great extent. Hence, it can be concluded
that the CvSU faculty are greatly empowered. There is a significant difference between the assessment
of extent of implementation of empowerment practices by the administrators and faculty participants.
Research results serve as basis for proposed Faculty Empowerment Development Program for Public
Higher Education Institutions.
Keywords: Educational management, faculty empowerment, descriptive research, Philippines
Faculty Empowerment Practices of a State University: Basis for Proposed Faculty
Empowerment Development Program for Public Higher Education Institutions

30
DOMINIC CIMAFRANCA LIBRES
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7705
dominic.libres@yahoo.com.ph
Benchamatheputhit School- Phetchaburi
Thailand
In Thailand, many studies were conducted specifically related to students attitudes towards learning
English, acquisition problems and evaluation, and language teaching and learning but there is none
about student’s perceptions to (N)NEST’s as English teachers, particularly, in basic education schools.
This foregoing study was thought of to diagnose the advantages and disadvantages of learning English
from (N)NEST’s as perceived by Thai students. Quanti-quali (mixed) method, as process means, was
used to gather requisite data. After the conduct of the study, it was found out that students observed
that both types of teachers have exhibited unique characteristics in the realm of English teaching. In
the advantages, both types of teachers are understood by students while teaching and/ or conversing
(unambiguity). On the other hand, there are three disadvantages common to these teachers namely:
inability to consider Thai accent; speaking manner; and vocabulary. Remarkably, there are two
characteristics that happened to be a perceived advantage of one type but a disadvantage on the
other; these features are pronunciation and grammar. Thus, harmony of (N)NEST’s’ various frequencies
of ability should be achieved in order to deliver the best language education and to effectively produce
students equipped with all skills at nearing-perfect mastery.
Keywords: Social science, students’ perceptions, native and non-native English speaking teachers,
mixed method, Thailand/ Asia
Mental Impressions of Thai Students to Native and Non-Native English Speaking Teachers:
Thailand’s Undocumented Case in the Realm English Language Education
DIEGO M. MALONES
https://orcid.org/0002-2569-6521
26dmmalones@gmail.com
Philippines
With recent advancement in information and communication technology, will teachers still be an
important figure who can influence students’ learning outcomes? To shed light to the issue, this
descriptive-correlational research ascertained how teachers’ teaching effectiveness influenced the
students’ performance. Utilizing the jury-validated questionnaire, teaching effectiveness in the
following areas like commitment, knowledge of the subject, teaching for independent learning, and
management of learning were determined. Students’ performance, on the other hand, was based
on their weighted average grade for the semester. The samples of the study consisted of 275 college
students taking up Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. Data gathered were analyzed using the mean,
F-test and Pearson’s r. The study found that teachers were effective in all areas, namely: commitment,
knowledge of the subject, teaching for independent learning and management of learning. Students’
performance was “satisfactory.” The study also disclosed that students’ performance differed
significantly when classified as to the level of teaching effectiveness, in favor of very effective and
effective teachers. Furthermore, students’ performance was significantly correlated to their teachers’
commitment, knowledge of subject, teaching for independent learning, and management of learning.
With these results, it is concluded that effective teachers produced students with better grades.
Keywords: Education, teaching effectiveness,performance, commitment, descriptive design, Philippines
1 9 8 0
Teachers: Keystone on Students’ Performance

DIEGO M. MALONES
https://orcid.org/0002-2569-6521
26dmmalones@gmail.com
Philippines
Employing the descriptive-correlational research study, the learning outcomes of maritime students
in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude towards General Chemistry, the reliability and construct
validity of the Attitude Scale, and the difficulty as well as the discrimination indices of the OBE-based
Examinations in General Chemistry, and the relationships among the students’ learning outcomes in
terms of knowledge, attitude and skills were ascertained. The OBE-based Examinations in General
Chemistry, the Skills Assessment Rubric and the Attitude Scale were the data-gathering tools used.
Data gathered were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and Pearson r. The study found that
the learning outcomes of the students in General Chemistry were “average,” “poor,” and “positive”
in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude, respectively. The attitude scale on the other hand, has a
very good reliability and validity. The difficulty of the items in the prelim, midterm, prefinal and final
examinations was on “average” level and the discrimination indices of the items were either good
or very good. Finally, the study disclosed a significant relationship between knowledge and skills of
students. It is concluded that outcomes-based education improves the knowledge and skills of the
students.
Keywords: Outcomes-based education, learning outcomes, difficulty index, discrimination index, rubric,
maritime education, descriptive design, Philippines
1 9 8 0
OBE-Based Examination in General Chemistry
MA. CLARINDA N. MEDEQUISO
https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000
mcnmedequiso67@yahoo.com
Filamer Christian University
Philippines
MARIA CARMEN POLACHE-CASEROS
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-1654
mariacarmencaseros@yahoo.com.ph
Philippines
Theabilityofthedeanstomakegooddecisionsandtoemploytransformationalleadershipisthedefining
attribute of a high performance of the college. In this study, the researcher examined the decision
making practices and the transformational leadership skills of deans in 31 participating universities
of private Higher Educational Institutions (HEI’s) in the entire National Capital Region, Philippines
(NCR). Using two survey tools that were prepared and distributed to the respondents which is the
Transformational Leadership Behaviors Questionnaire (Lea Daradal Canivel, 2012) was and Flinders
Decision Making Questionnaire (Mann, L. & Burnett, P. et al., 1982), the results showed that there was
a significant relationship between decision-making practices and transformational leadership skills of
the college deans. Since the degree of correlation is moderate, it depicts that the decision making
practices of the deans has the tendency to increase if the Transformational Leadership Skills increase.
Consequently, this research study strongly contributes to the understanding of the various practices
and skills involved of the college deans’ decision making and transformational leadership since the
researcher unravels in this study the significant relationship between the decision making practices
and the transformational leadership skills of the college deans.
Keywords: Transformational leadership, decision-making, college deans, higher education institutions,
descriptive design, Philippines
Decision-Making Practices and Transformational Leadership Skills of College Deans
in Private Higher Educational Institutions in the National Capital Region

32
REYMOND A. MOSQUITO
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-3268
reymond.mosquito@deped.gov.ph
Caraga Regional Science High School
Philippines
Using a modified Van Kaam method by Moustakas (1994), this study explored and described the
lived experiences of the selected pioneer Senior High School teachers in the implementation of
Senior High School program in Surigao City Division, Caraga Region, Philippines. Ten informants
were selected using purposive and criterion sampling specifying as pioneer teachers of senior high
school. The emergent themes derived from the study are (1) 21st Century Skills-Based Instruction;
(2) Inventiveness and Ingenuity; (3) Beyond Classroom Learning; (4) Competence and Readiness;
and (5) Fulfilled Teaching Experience. The emergent themes explained how teachers have viewed
the implementation, challenges and success stories in the senior high school program. Undeniably,
teacher’s lived experience in the implementation of senior high school program is considered to
be fulfilling with commitment and passion to teach despite the challenges encountered. These
challenges along the way have been addressed through the ingenuity and creativity of teachers
like being resourceful in providing reference materials to learners. There may be lacking and
inadequate learning facilities but this does not hinder teachers in providing quality services to
students.
Keywords: Education, Lived experience of teachers, implementation of Senior High School
program, skills-based instruction, 21st
Century teacher and learner, qualitative design, Philippines
Lived Experiences of Selected Pioneer Senior High School Teachers
ACELA G. RECENTES
https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000
acelagrecentes@gmail.com
Sto. Domingo Integrated School
Philippines
The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using the window card technique in improving the
performance of Grade 8 students on the basic Mathematics on integers. This study was done in 2016
in Grade 8 Students in Mathematics at Sto. Domingo Integrated School. This study was conducted
to all enrolled Grade 8 students who had Mathematics classes, particularly taking up the application
on integers. Further research was warranted to evaluate the long-term effects on mathematics
achievement among students in the use of new strategies in improving the performance of the
students. Initially, the study noted that the level of Mathematical performance of Grade 8 students
was below average. To note, there was no student who was able to get high average rating in the Pre-
test. With the introduction of Window Card Technique, the students assessed that they were aware
of the intervention, and that the technique was of much effect to them. On other hand, the result of
Post-test showed that the levels of improvement of the performance of Grade 8 students on the topic
about integers showed that majority of students got the excellent marks. Conclusively, the window
card technique has significantly improved the level of performance of Grade 8 students in Mathematics
particularly on integers after the use of window card technique. Majority of the students have generally
accepted the new strategy of window card technique with the remarkable result on their grades after
the introduction of Window Card Technique.
Keywords: Education, pedagogy, mathematics, window card technique, experimental design,
Philippines
The Effect of Using Window Card Technique in Improving the Performance
of Grade 8 Students

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