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MANASSEH NKHOMA
MBCHB 7
EDEN UNIVERSITY
Patient’s information
Name : K.K
Age : 11 years
Date of Birth : 11th September, 2012
Sex : Male
Date of admission : 21st April, 2024
Date of clerking : 23rd April, 2024
Ward : Children’s ward above 5 years
Religion : Christian
Residence : Mtendere
Source of history : Mother, patient and patient file
Presenting complaint:
1. Difficult breathing 2/7
2.Diarrhea 2/7
History of presenting complaint:
The patient was well until 2 weeks ago when he started having difficulties in breathing , it
was on and off but not severe.
2 days prior to hospital visitation the diffulties in breathing increased in intensity that he
failed to play and attend classes
• It was sudden onset
• Progressive
• Worse in the morning and sometimes evening
• Associated with intermitent wheezing ,chest tightness, dry cough ,chest pains
on lung sides bilaterrally intermittent ,non radiating , relieved by paracetamol.
• Fever that was intermittent ,worse in evening but no sweating , no weight loss
• No coughing blood, no palpitations, no difficulting breathing when lying
down or waking up in the night to catch air, no sweling of legs, trauma.
• Patient noted it always start by playing football, eating pork and sometimes
cold weather
• It is relieved by taking salbutamol
• It does affect his school attendance but not his grades
Complained to have diarrhea for 2 days prior to admission
• Sudden onset
• intermittent
• 4 times a day , could not quantify
• Waterly, mixed colour, but no blood
• Associated with vomiting, non projectile, 2 times a day, mixed with
food and generalised body weakness,worsened by eating and drinking
and relieved by sleeping.
• No blood
• Mild offensive
• No abdominal pain
• No yellowing of eyes
• No lack of appetite
• No distention or bloating
• No history of travelling recently or treament of malaria
Review of systems
General:
· Distressed and feels uncomfortable
Neurology:
· No headache, blurred vision , fainting,confusion, neck stiffness, dizness, numblenesss
Genitourinary:
· No pain passing urine , normal freguency, colour and quantity
Endocrine :
No heat intolerance and no hyperactive
Bones and joints:
· No joint pains
· No joints swelling
· No deformities
· No problem with walking
Skin:
· No rashes
Past medical History
Known asthmatic patient for 6 months diagnosed at chitundu hospital not on asmatic
treatment
This is first hospital admission
RVD- negative at Mtendere (verbally)
No diabetis, hypertension,tuberculosis,hypertension and sickle cell disease
Drugs allergies and surgeryhistory
Metromidazole 1 tab and amoxyllin no side effects noted
Allergic to spray, fumes, dust and pork
No surgical procedure or transfusion
Pregnancy and Birth history
Antenatal:
Planned pregnancy, attended antenatal clinic regular
No diabetis
No hypertension
No asthma
Perinatal:
Child was born at term, with birth weight of 3400 grams.
Born through a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.
No complications during birth, the child cried soon after birth, did not convulse and
was not resuscitated and was able to breastfeed few minutes after birth.
Postnatal:
There was no maternal postnatal illness
Nutrition history
He was exclusively breastfed for the first 8 months of life. She was started taking
porridge at 6 months and nsima.
He has three meals per day; breakfast, lunch, and supper but without significant
snacks in between the main meals
Growth and developmental history
Attained all developmental milestones in time.
· Gross Motor
Able to play around and kick a ball and stand on one foot.
Started crawling at 9 months
Started walking at the end of year one
She started sitting at 8 months
· Fine Motor
Could could grasp moms finger by 5 months
Started scribbling on paper and house walls at 1 year and 7 months.
· Language and Hearing
Started articulating words as dada, mama at 8 months .
· Social behavior and play
Dress up by himself, smile and interact with the mother by the end of 2 years.
Immunisation history
All the immunisations given to him according to schedule.
Family history
There is no history of Astma , hypertension, diabetes and Tuberculosis and epilepsy in
both paternal and maternal sides
Siblings are all well
Social history
The child lives with the mother. They live in a one- bedroomed housewth iron sheets.
They get their water from tap and they cook using charcoal. No pets and poutry at
home but mother use sprays.
No people with diarrhoea diseases at home
Good sanitation around home
Summary
K.K ,11 years male known asthmatic patient for 6 months who presented with difficult
breathing and diarrhea for 2 days associated with wheezing, chest tightening
,cough,chest pains , fever, vomiting , allegic to dust ,pork, perfumes and fumes. No
heart palpitations, no orthpnea, paraxymal noctual dispnea, odema, jaundice, loss
weight and abdmonimal pain.
Differential diagnosis
1. Acute excerbation asthma
2. Pneumonia
3. Acute gatroenteritis
• bacteria
• viral
• Malaria
• Typhoid fever
4. A cute brochitis
5. Tuberculosis
IMPRESSION
Acute exerbation asthma in asthmatic patient with acute
gastroenteritis
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
General impression
Alert,distressed, weak, able to complete sentence and in good nutrition status , has a
cannula on the left hand, no clubbing, jaundice, cyanosis.
Vital signs
Day of admission Day of clerking
Axilla temperature: 380C
(fever)
Axilla temperature:
36.80C
Heart rate: 134 bpm Heart rate: 135 bpm
Blood Pressure: 120/85
mmHg
Blood Pressure: 119/75
mmHg
Respiratory rate: 22
cycles/min (tachypnoea)
Respiratory rate: 18cycles
/min
O2 saturation: 84 % in room
air (desaturating)
O2 Saturation: 96% on
room oxgen
Head, eye, ear, nose and throat
Head: No bruishes, normal hair growth
Eyes: no conjunctival pallor, no sunken eyes, .
Neck: no lymphadenopathy, no raised JVP
Mouth: no dry membranes, no sores, no oral thrush, no central cyanosis
Respiratory:
Inspection
· Respiratory distress,use of accessory muscles
· No scars
· No chest deformities.
Palpation
· No tracheal deviation
· Symmetrical chest expansion
Percussion
Resonant to percussion
Auscultation
Reduced air entry bilatelly
wheezes sounds in lower lobes bilaterally.
Cardiovascular:
Inspection
No scars indicating previous surgeries, no visible apex beat
Symmetrical chest expansion
Palpation:
Apex beat in 5th intercostal space mid clavicular line (no
displacement)
No heaves and no thrills
Regular pulse and good volume,
Auscultation
Normal heart sounds, no added sounds
Gastrointestine :
Abdomen
Inspection
· No scars, no previous surgical marks, the abdomen was flat,
distention, no tattoos and no hernias
Palpation
· No tenderness on light palpation
· No hepatomegaly or splenomegaly and no other palpable
masses on deep palpation
Percussion
· No shifting dullness , no fluid thrill
Auscultation
· Normal active bowel sounds
· No bruits
Central Nervous System:
Glasgow Coma score (Motor 6, Verbal 5 and Eye)
15/15
Cranial nerves
CN 1: I did not assess
CN 2: Pupils were reactive to light. Normal direct and
consensual reflex to light
CN 3, 4 & 6: Patient was able to follow with eyes. Normal eye
movements in all directions.
CN 5: Patient able to respond to touch at forehead, checks and
jaw with closed eyes
CN 7: able to raise eyebrows and strongly close eyes
CN 8: Able to respond to my instructions and was able to hear
with both ears
CN 9, 10 &12: No tongue fasciculation
Able to swallow
CN 11: Patient was able to shrug both shoulders
Upper and lower limbs (periphery) examination:
Right upper
limb
Left upper
limb
Right lower
limb
Right lower limb
Tone normal normal normal normal
power 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5
reflexes normal normal normal normal
sensation normal normal normal normal
coordination intact Intact intact intact
Summary
K.K ,11 years male known asthmatic patient for 6 months who
presented with difficult breathing and vomiting for 2 days
associated with wheezing, chest tightening ,cough,chest pains ,
fever, vomiting , allegic to dust ,pork, perfumes and fumes. No
heart palpitations, no orthpnea, paraxymal noctual dispnea, odema,
jaundice, loss weight and abdmonimal pain.
On examination he was alert, distressed, weak, blood pressure
119/75, on oxygen therapy 4L via nasal prong ,tachypneic,
tachycardic , a fibrile, reduced air entry bilaterally with wheezes
and increased vocal fremitus bilaterrally.
Diferential diagnosis
1. Acute excerbation asthma
2. Acute gatroenteritis
Investigations
• Full blood count
• Atrial blood gas
• Malaria rapid diagnotic test
• Stool MCS
• C-reactive proteins
• Chest xray
• Allegic skin prink/ patch test
• Spirometry
• Peak expiratory flow
•
Management
Acute exerbation
1. Admission and O2 Therapy
2. Salbutamol nebuliser 5mg and ipratropium
3. Predisolone
4. Metronidazole
5. Paracetamol
Supporting
• Assurance to patient and guardian
• Avoid triggers like dust , fumes and perfumes, extreme
exercises, pork
• Adherance to prescribe drugs
• Long term treatment
• Committment to review dates

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ASTHMA BY MANASSEH.pptx Levy Mwanawasa Student

  • 2. Patient’s information Name : K.K Age : 11 years Date of Birth : 11th September, 2012 Sex : Male Date of admission : 21st April, 2024 Date of clerking : 23rd April, 2024 Ward : Children’s ward above 5 years Religion : Christian Residence : Mtendere Source of history : Mother, patient and patient file
  • 3. Presenting complaint: 1. Difficult breathing 2/7 2.Diarrhea 2/7
  • 4. History of presenting complaint: The patient was well until 2 weeks ago when he started having difficulties in breathing , it was on and off but not severe. 2 days prior to hospital visitation the diffulties in breathing increased in intensity that he failed to play and attend classes • It was sudden onset • Progressive • Worse in the morning and sometimes evening • Associated with intermitent wheezing ,chest tightness, dry cough ,chest pains on lung sides bilaterrally intermittent ,non radiating , relieved by paracetamol. • Fever that was intermittent ,worse in evening but no sweating , no weight loss • No coughing blood, no palpitations, no difficulting breathing when lying down or waking up in the night to catch air, no sweling of legs, trauma. • Patient noted it always start by playing football, eating pork and sometimes cold weather • It is relieved by taking salbutamol • It does affect his school attendance but not his grades
  • 5. Complained to have diarrhea for 2 days prior to admission • Sudden onset • intermittent • 4 times a day , could not quantify • Waterly, mixed colour, but no blood • Associated with vomiting, non projectile, 2 times a day, mixed with food and generalised body weakness,worsened by eating and drinking and relieved by sleeping. • No blood • Mild offensive • No abdominal pain • No yellowing of eyes • No lack of appetite • No distention or bloating • No history of travelling recently or treament of malaria
  • 6. Review of systems General: · Distressed and feels uncomfortable Neurology: · No headache, blurred vision , fainting,confusion, neck stiffness, dizness, numblenesss Genitourinary: · No pain passing urine , normal freguency, colour and quantity Endocrine : No heat intolerance and no hyperactive
  • 7. Bones and joints: · No joint pains · No joints swelling · No deformities · No problem with walking Skin: · No rashes
  • 8. Past medical History Known asthmatic patient for 6 months diagnosed at chitundu hospital not on asmatic treatment This is first hospital admission RVD- negative at Mtendere (verbally) No diabetis, hypertension,tuberculosis,hypertension and sickle cell disease Drugs allergies and surgeryhistory Metromidazole 1 tab and amoxyllin no side effects noted Allergic to spray, fumes, dust and pork No surgical procedure or transfusion Pregnancy and Birth history Antenatal: Planned pregnancy, attended antenatal clinic regular No diabetis No hypertension No asthma
  • 9. Perinatal: Child was born at term, with birth weight of 3400 grams. Born through a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. No complications during birth, the child cried soon after birth, did not convulse and was not resuscitated and was able to breastfeed few minutes after birth. Postnatal: There was no maternal postnatal illness Nutrition history He was exclusively breastfed for the first 8 months of life. She was started taking porridge at 6 months and nsima. He has three meals per day; breakfast, lunch, and supper but without significant snacks in between the main meals
  • 10. Growth and developmental history Attained all developmental milestones in time. · Gross Motor Able to play around and kick a ball and stand on one foot. Started crawling at 9 months Started walking at the end of year one She started sitting at 8 months · Fine Motor Could could grasp moms finger by 5 months Started scribbling on paper and house walls at 1 year and 7 months. · Language and Hearing Started articulating words as dada, mama at 8 months . · Social behavior and play Dress up by himself, smile and interact with the mother by the end of 2 years.
  • 11. Immunisation history All the immunisations given to him according to schedule. Family history There is no history of Astma , hypertension, diabetes and Tuberculosis and epilepsy in both paternal and maternal sides Siblings are all well
  • 12. Social history The child lives with the mother. They live in a one- bedroomed housewth iron sheets. They get their water from tap and they cook using charcoal. No pets and poutry at home but mother use sprays. No people with diarrhoea diseases at home Good sanitation around home Summary K.K ,11 years male known asthmatic patient for 6 months who presented with difficult breathing and diarrhea for 2 days associated with wheezing, chest tightening ,cough,chest pains , fever, vomiting , allegic to dust ,pork, perfumes and fumes. No heart palpitations, no orthpnea, paraxymal noctual dispnea, odema, jaundice, loss weight and abdmonimal pain.
  • 13. Differential diagnosis 1. Acute excerbation asthma 2. Pneumonia 3. Acute gatroenteritis • bacteria • viral • Malaria • Typhoid fever 4. A cute brochitis 5. Tuberculosis IMPRESSION Acute exerbation asthma in asthmatic patient with acute gastroenteritis
  • 14. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION General impression Alert,distressed, weak, able to complete sentence and in good nutrition status , has a cannula on the left hand, no clubbing, jaundice, cyanosis. Vital signs Day of admission Day of clerking Axilla temperature: 380C (fever) Axilla temperature: 36.80C Heart rate: 134 bpm Heart rate: 135 bpm Blood Pressure: 120/85 mmHg Blood Pressure: 119/75 mmHg Respiratory rate: 22 cycles/min (tachypnoea) Respiratory rate: 18cycles /min O2 saturation: 84 % in room air (desaturating) O2 Saturation: 96% on room oxgen
  • 15. Head, eye, ear, nose and throat Head: No bruishes, normal hair growth Eyes: no conjunctival pallor, no sunken eyes, . Neck: no lymphadenopathy, no raised JVP Mouth: no dry membranes, no sores, no oral thrush, no central cyanosis
  • 16. Respiratory: Inspection · Respiratory distress,use of accessory muscles · No scars · No chest deformities. Palpation · No tracheal deviation · Symmetrical chest expansion Percussion Resonant to percussion Auscultation Reduced air entry bilatelly wheezes sounds in lower lobes bilaterally.
  • 17. Cardiovascular: Inspection No scars indicating previous surgeries, no visible apex beat Symmetrical chest expansion Palpation: Apex beat in 5th intercostal space mid clavicular line (no displacement) No heaves and no thrills Regular pulse and good volume, Auscultation Normal heart sounds, no added sounds
  • 18. Gastrointestine : Abdomen Inspection · No scars, no previous surgical marks, the abdomen was flat, distention, no tattoos and no hernias Palpation · No tenderness on light palpation · No hepatomegaly or splenomegaly and no other palpable masses on deep palpation Percussion · No shifting dullness , no fluid thrill Auscultation · Normal active bowel sounds · No bruits
  • 19. Central Nervous System: Glasgow Coma score (Motor 6, Verbal 5 and Eye) 15/15 Cranial nerves CN 1: I did not assess CN 2: Pupils were reactive to light. Normal direct and consensual reflex to light CN 3, 4 & 6: Patient was able to follow with eyes. Normal eye movements in all directions. CN 5: Patient able to respond to touch at forehead, checks and jaw with closed eyes CN 7: able to raise eyebrows and strongly close eyes CN 8: Able to respond to my instructions and was able to hear with both ears CN 9, 10 &12: No tongue fasciculation Able to swallow CN 11: Patient was able to shrug both shoulders
  • 20. Upper and lower limbs (periphery) examination: Right upper limb Left upper limb Right lower limb Right lower limb Tone normal normal normal normal power 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 reflexes normal normal normal normal sensation normal normal normal normal coordination intact Intact intact intact
  • 21. Summary K.K ,11 years male known asthmatic patient for 6 months who presented with difficult breathing and vomiting for 2 days associated with wheezing, chest tightening ,cough,chest pains , fever, vomiting , allegic to dust ,pork, perfumes and fumes. No heart palpitations, no orthpnea, paraxymal noctual dispnea, odema, jaundice, loss weight and abdmonimal pain. On examination he was alert, distressed, weak, blood pressure 119/75, on oxygen therapy 4L via nasal prong ,tachypneic, tachycardic , a fibrile, reduced air entry bilaterally with wheezes and increased vocal fremitus bilaterrally.
  • 22. Diferential diagnosis 1. Acute excerbation asthma 2. Acute gatroenteritis
  • 23. Investigations • Full blood count • Atrial blood gas • Malaria rapid diagnotic test • Stool MCS • C-reactive proteins • Chest xray • Allegic skin prink/ patch test • Spirometry • Peak expiratory flow •
  • 24. Management Acute exerbation 1. Admission and O2 Therapy 2. Salbutamol nebuliser 5mg and ipratropium 3. Predisolone 4. Metronidazole 5. Paracetamol Supporting • Assurance to patient and guardian • Avoid triggers like dust , fumes and perfumes, extreme exercises, pork • Adherance to prescribe drugs • Long term treatment • Committment to review dates