This document provides information and examples related to photography techniques. It discusses various types of lighting including underexposure, overexposure, good exposure, and fill lighting. It also covers composition techniques like leading lines, rule of thirds, and framing. Other topics include shutter speed, depth of focus, transferring photos, and using tools in iPhoto like crop, rotate, and effects. Examples are given for each technique along with instructions for how to use features in iPhoto to edit photos.

1. Assignment 31: Photography
Research &
Practice
Person
Person
Person
Person
1:
2:
3:
4:
Jodie Foster-Pilia
Abigail Menzies
Pamela Younes
Laura Cuk

2. Section A

3. Lighting under exposure
What is it
Found
examples
My example
before and
after
before
• There is not enough light
in the photograph.
• As a result photo
appears quite dark and
gloomy
• Under exposure makes it
difficult to see the subject
matter
• A photograph may be
described as
underexposed when it
has a loss of shadow
detail
after

4. Lighting Over
exposure
• Too much light
• A photograph may be
described as
overexposed when it
has a loss of highlight
detail, that is, when
important bright parts
of an image are
washed out or
effectively all white
Before
After

5. Good exposure
What is it
• The lights are darks
are balanced, creating
very good lighting
A found example
My example before
and after
Before
• Image is clear and
good quality
After

6. Deep focus
What is it
• Deep focus is when
everything in the
photo graph is in
focus, not just
specific parts
•in deep focus the
foreground, middle-ground
and background are all in
focus.
found examples
My example before
and after

7. Composition - leading lines
What is it
•
Leading lines are
lines within an image
that leads the eye to
another point in the
image, or
occasionally, out of
the image.
•
Anything with a
definite line can be a
leading line. Fences,
bridges, even a
shoreline can lead
the eye
found
examples
My example
before and
after

8. Lighting – High Key
Description
A found example
When artificial
bright lighting is
used to blow out
most or all
harsh shadows
in an image
My example
Before
Source:
http://www.ephotozine.com/article/highkey-and-low-key-lighting-tutorial-13881
High key lighting
eliminates all
shadows
After

9. Lighting –Low Key
Description
A found example
My example
There is
reduced
intensity of
lighting as a
result there are
strong contrasts
in the
photograph
Before
Source:
http://www.digitalcameraworld.com/2012/05/13/bla
ck-and-white-photography-what-you-need-to-knowfor-perfect-mono-pictures/6/
Contrasts with dark
colour creates
suspense and mystery
After

10. Shallow Focus
Description
A found example
Part of the
photograph is in
focus while the
rest of it is
focused
Source:http://www.luminouslandscape.com/techniques/3_y
ears_later_dslr_video_one_mans_perspective.shtml
Blurred background
suggests its unimportant
and puts greater
emphasis on the woman
My example

11. Composition – Rule of
thirds/Powerpoints
Description
A found example
An image should
be divided into
nine equal parts
by two equally
spaced horizontal
lines and two
equally spaced
vertical lines and
the important
element of the
image should be
situated at the
intersection of
these lines
Source: http://digitalphotographylive.com/rule-of-thirds/
Object placed in the
centre is the most
important
My example

12. Lighting - Fill
Description A found Example
same amount of
detail typically
seen by an eye in
average lighting
and considered
normal. From
that baseline of
normality using
more or less fill
will make
shadows seem
lighter or darker
than normal
Your Example
•this is an image i took of my glass shoe
•i used my normal room light to take the first
picture
•i then added an extra light to balance the light
and remove any shadows to make the picture
look better and better quality
•Brings more brightness to their face making it
look natural
•Where there’s a balance between over and
underexposure
•Fill lighting removes the shadows from the
image and replace them with light
•This makes the person look more healthier and
presentable

13. Shutter Speed – Fast
Description A found Example
Your Example
The camera's
shutter speed,
the lens's
brightness and
the scene’s
Luminance
together
determine the
amount of light
that reaches the
film or sensor
Unfortunately I don’t have a professional camera in order to take an
example of my own for a fast shutter speed example.
•A fast shutter would let less light enter the film
or the sensor
•This enables the camera to take quick pictures
where you can see even the small detail such
as the examples above
•Can see the drops of the water and it would
intend to be crisp
•However if it was slow you would see the water
running instead of drops

14. Shutter Speed – Slow
Description A found Example
Your Example
The camera's
shutter speed,
the lens's
brightness and
the scene’s
Luminance
together
determine the
amount of light
that reaches the
film or sensor
•A slow shutter would let more light enter the
film or the sensor
•This enables the camera to take the picture
more slower, therefore the background would
be blurry while the objet is crisp or the opposite
•for example if a water tap is running and the
shutter is slow you would see the water
running instead of drops
•however i don’t have a specific camera that
has a slow shutter
•so i tried making the background blurry while
the main object is crisp and can see properly
compared to the background which is blurry

15. Transferring photos to computer
Description A found Example
Your Example
When your able
to view the same
photo on a
different device.
This can be done
by using a cable
that connects the
camera to the
computer, or
even use a SD
card.
•by using an SD card, you can save the images
on that SD card an access it wherever the SD
card is connected to view the images taken
•the cable connects the phone to the laptop to
either to transfer the images or just to view
them on the laptop
•i took a picture of my SD cards and memory
cards which i am able to store my photos and
transfer them or view them when inserted in a
phone, camera or laptop
•i can also view my photos or transfer them to a
laptop using a cable that is connected either to
a iPad, phone, camera etc to a laptop.

16. Composition – Changing angle/perspectives
Description A found Example
Your Example
shooting from unusual
angles, getting higher or
lower, this would then
make the image more
interesting and more
meaningful for example
a baby would normally
be small, taking a
picture in a specific
angle to make the baby
looking small
•taking a picture in a weird angle would show
the meaning of the picture, for example the
Eiffel tower the angle of it shows that it really
big
•it would make the image look more interesting
for example the wedding image
•taking the picture of my glass shoe in a low
angle makes my shoe seem bigger
•also by taking picture in a low angle of my
sisters ready book gives an illusion of bigger
and makes it seem theres a lot of books

17. Lighting - reflecting
Explanation
Example images
Reflecting is
another way to
diffuse light.
Surfaces
Light is reflected
or bounced off
another surface
(therefore
making it less
harsh)
Different
surfaces/textures
/colours/ will
reflect light
differently.
Object
My images
Camera
Without reflector
With reflector

18. Lighting – shutter speed motion blur
Explanation
When something
blurs because it
is in motion.
This means that
it is going too
fast for the
shutter (object is
faster than
shutter).
Type 1 – objects
are crisp, and
background is
blurry (moving
cameras).
Type 2 – objects
blurry (object is
moving).
Example images
My images
Type 1:
The person is in motion so they
have become so blurred out
that they are hardly visible in
the shot.
Type 2:
When the camera follows the
moving person, the background
becomes blurred

19. Transferring photos to computer
Explanation
Example images
Using iCloud –
an online storage service you can send the
image electronically.
SD Card –
An SD card holding all your photos can be
taken and inserted into a SD slot on your
computer /laptop
Social Media –
If the image is taken from your phone there
are different options to send to your
computer.
Facebook, Twitter
etc.

20. Composition - framing
Explanation
Example images
How you frame
objects/subject.
Bad examples:
Frame using
unique angles
My images
This is bad
framing
because the
head is cut
off
Bad framing:
Positive space
Negative space
Ensure that the
space around
objects are
appropriate and
comfortable for
audience.
Good examples:
Good framing:

21. Section B

22. Using I photo
Description/purpose of
tool
Annotated screen grabs Before and after
Changing exposure
Before
After
Click exposure at the
bottom and then drag
bar right for more
exposure or drag left for
less exposure

23. Description/purpose Annotated screen grabs
of tool
How to add effect
Before and after
Before
Click effect at
the bottom and
choose desired
effect i.e. black
and white
After

24. Crop
Description
My example (before/after)
This is a tool used for
cropping photos
Before
After

25. Rotate
Description
My example (before/after)
This is a tool that is
used to turn an image
around
Before
After

26. Change colour
Description
My example (before/after)
This is an effect used to
change the colour of a
picture
Before
After

27. Effects
Description
My example (before/after)
These are filters that
changes the colour balance
of a picture
After
Before

28. Brushes - Repair
Description
-
-
A found Example
Your Example
This would
repair anything
in a picture, for
example it
would repair
any
imperfections
Such as spots,
wrinkles etc
-In this example the repair tool has
blended her imperfections (spots) into
her skin and now it looks like she
doesn’t have any
-I used iPhoto app to repair my image I used this
app to all my brushes
-I repaired the reflection from the sun on the sea, it
almost acts like an elimination brush where it
erases it.

29. Brushes – Red-Eye
Description
-
-
This would turn
the red eye into
black eye
A red eye would
normally
happen when
the flash is on
and taken in a
dark place
Well using a
red-eye brush
would solve the
problem by
turning the red
eye into a black
eye which
replaces the
pupil
A found Example
Your Example
-In this example of the red-eye tool
-It would change the red colour into
black
-As it would change the red colour to the
pupil colour which is black
-I used iPhoto app to use the repair tool
-And it was very successful
-i used my friend taking a picture with Miley Cyrus

30. Brushes – Saturation
Description
-
-
A found Example
Your Example
Saturation is
when it would
tone up the
image
Makes it more
warmer
It also enhances
it
-There is another way to do saturation
without the brush where the brush just
saturates part of the image chosen,
whereas in the example above you can
pull your finger up and it enhances it
-In the second example it would
enhance and add a rich effect on the
image making it more presentable
-I used iPhoto app to use the saturation tool
-By doing this it made me more tan and made me
look more healthy with the saturation effect

31. Brushes – Desaturation
Description
-
A found Example
Your Example
Desaturation is
when it
removes the
colour in an
image and
changes it to
black and white
-In the second example they used the
desaturation to make it seem more
gloomy and darker just by using the
saturation effect
-In the first example they used
desaturation to give it an old like image
-I used iPhoto app to use the desaturation tool
-It turned my image to black and white and it
removes the colour from my image, you can chose
how much desaturation you want it, can be either
completely black and white or can have a little
colour peaking through

32. Brushes
Example
Explanation
The lighten brush makes the
picture look a lot more
glowing and makes it more
clear to see.
The darken brush makes the
picture look a lot more
dimmer.
The sharpen brush makes
The soften brush makes
My images