Assignment 1

ASSIGNMENT
Module Code
Module Name
Course
Department

ESD 526
Embedded processors and
microcontrollers
M.Sc in Real time embedded systems
Computer engineering

Name of the Student

Bhargav Rajivbhai Shah

Reg. No

CHB0911001

Batch

Full-Time 2011.

Module Leader

Sanket Dessai

M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies
Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programmes(PEMP)

POSTGRADUATE ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME – (PEMP)

MSRSAS - Postgraduate Engineering and Management Programme - PEMP

#470-P Peenya Industrial Area, 4th Phase, Peenya, Bengaluru-560 058
Tel; 080 4906 5555, website: www.msrsas.org

i

Declaration Sheet
Student Name

Bhargav Rajivbhai Shah

Reg. No

CHB0911001

Course

Real time embedded systems

Batch

Full-Time2011

Module Code

ESD 526

Module Title
Module Date

Embedded processor and microcontroller
to
10.10.2011
5.11.2011

Module Leader

Sanket Dessai

Batch Full-Time2011

Extension requests:
Extensions can only be granted by the Head of the Department in consultation with the module leader.
Extensions granted by any other person will not be accepted and hence the assignment will incur a penalty.
Extensions MUST be requested by using the „Extension Request Form‟, which is available with the ARO.
A copy of the extension approval must be attached to the assignment submitted.

Penalty for late submission
Unless you have submitted proof of mitigating circumstances or have been granted an extension, the
penalties for a late submission of an assignment shall be as follows:
 Up to one week late:
Penalty of 5 marks
 One-Two weeks late:
Penalty of 10 marks
 More than Two weeks late:
Fail - 0% recorded (F)
All late assignments: must be submitted to Academic Records Office (ARO). It is your responsibility to
ensure that the receipt of a late assignment is recorded in the ARO. If an extension was agreed, the
authorization should be submitted to ARO during the submission of assignment.
To ensure assignment reports are written concisely, the length should be restricted to a limit
indicated in the assignment problem statement. Assignment reports greater than this length may
incur a penalty of one grade (5 marks). Each delegate is required to retain a copy of the
assignment report.

Declaration
The assignment submitted herewith is a result of my own investigations and that I have conformed to the
guidelines against plagiarism as laid out in the PEMP Student Handbook. All sections of the text and
results, which have been obtained from other sources, are fully referenced. I understand that cheating and
plagiarism constitute a breach of University regulations and will be dealt with accordingly.

Signature of the student

Date

Submission date stamp
(by ARO)

Signature of the Module Leader and date

Signature of Head of the Department and date

ii


Abstract
____________________________________________________________________________

Now a day‟s requirements of processing speed and power consumption are the major
issue in the world of processor. By increasing these need lots of new processor technology is
also developing. Cortex is a latest version of ARM technology. ARM is the very popular
among high processing requirements. But cortex is a good platform to build large scale
embedded systems. In part A, Architecture, instruction operation and MMU of ARM 11 and
cortex A9 are compared briefly.
The main objective of part B is to design electronic circuit, algorithm and develop codes
to for BEVERAGE VENDING MACHINE with the help of the ARM. The BVM is a consumer
product that deliver beverage by adding right preposition of ingredient are pre stored in the
machine. An optimum algorithm using RFID, coin detection and Database real time database
management are used to develop BEVERAGE VENDING MACHINE.
The main idea behind a coffee and tea vending machine is to offer piping hot coffee or
tea, or any other liquid drink for that matter, at the touch of a button without the need to
manually prepare the drink. The vending machine itself usually contains one or more insulated
containers to hold the drink of choice. Furthermore, some container has its own independent
electric heating element which can either be used to maintain the temperature of the drink all
day.
In this design normal users can pay and use the machine for the beverage they require
and regular users will be provided RFID card who make payments with concession at the
beginning or ending of the any time period [1 month 3 months].Only authenticated person has
some special option to register the users and check the consumption at his wish by log in as
admin mode.

iii

Contents
____________________________________________________________________________

Contents
Declaration Sheet ......................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... iii
Contents ........................................................................................................................................iv
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. v
List of Symbols ............................................................................................................................vi
PART-A......................................................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Architecture ......................................................................................................................... 7
1.3 Instructions operation and memory utilization .................................................................... 8
1.4 MMU ................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 9
PART-B ...................................................................................................................................... 10
CHAPTER 2 .............................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Requirements for BVM ..................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Block diagram of ARM interfaces with various components ........................................... 11
2.2.1 Valve 1 ....................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.2 Valve 2 to Valve 4 ...................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Temperature sensor .................................................................................................... 12
2.2.4 Water heater ............................................................................................................... 12
2.2.5 SW 1 to SW4 ............................................................................................................ 12
2.2.6 Coin acceptor .............................................................................................................. 13
2.2.8 RFID decoder ............................................................................................................. 13
2.3 General Flow chart for BVM firmware ............................................................................. 14
2.4 Calculation for making beverages ..................................................................................... 16
2.5 Further implementation ..................................................................................................... 17
2.6 Comparison with existing BVM........................................................................................ 17
PART-C ...................................................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 3 .............................................................................................................................. 18
3.1 Implementation on LPC 2129 ........................................................................................... 18
3.1 Testing algorithm .............................................................................................................. 19
3.3 Testing results.................................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 4 .............................................................................................................................. 24
4.1 Benefits of this assignment................................................................................................ 24
4.2 Module learning outcomes ................................................................................................ 24
References .................................................................................................................................. 25
Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 26
Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 27

iv


List of Figures
____________________________________________________________________________
Figure 2.1: Block diagram of ARM with various interfaces ..................................... 11
Figure 2.2: Solenoid valve......................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.3: Screw Conveyer Mechanism .................................................................. 12
Figure 2.4: Circuit for multiplexing U0 Rx pin......................................................... 13
Figure 2.5:General flow chart of BVM firmware ..................................................... 14
Figure 2.6: functional flow graph for normal user .................................................... 15
Figure 2.7: Functional flow graph for admin mode .................................................. 15
Figure 2.8: functional flow graph for registered user ................................................ 16
Figure 3.1: Heater state ............................................................................................. 19
Figure 3.2: welcome screen ....................................................................................... 20
Figure 3.3: Ask for admin ID .................................................................................... 20
Figure 3.4: Log output ............................................................................................... 21
Figure 3.5: Asking for user ID .................................................................................. 21
Figure 3.6: Milk powder ............................................................................................ 22
Figure 3.7: Tea powder ............................................................................................. 22
Figure 3.8: Relay operation ....................................................................................... 23
Figure 3.9: Normal login ........................................................................................... 23

v


List of Symbols
____________________________________________________________________________

Symbol

Description

A.C

Alternating current

FPU

Floating point unit

GHZ

Giga hertz

IRQ

Interrupt request

MIPS

Million instruction per second

MHZ

Mega hertz

mlPM

Mile liter per Minuit

TLB

Translation look aside buffer

TTW

Translation table walk

vi

PART-A
CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction
Now a days in embedded world there are growing requirements of higher processing power
with lower power consumption.ARM is the one of the famous processor core to meet this kind of
requirements.ARM is the platform that comes with single core and multi core processing unit.ARM
is a 32-bit microprocessor platform. ARM has different version based on designs.ARM 11 is the
first implementation of ARMv6 architecture with a typical clock of 412MHZ. On other hand
cortexA9 is implementation of ARMv7 architecture. That typically works on 1GHZ.

1.2 Architecture
 ARM11
ARM 11 is Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) type CPU core. The ARM11 micro
architecture targets a performance range of 400 to 1,200 Dhrystone MIPS. It‟s a load and store
architecture. This is bi-Endean it can operate in little or big Endean format. Its Harvard architecture
with 32 bit interface with instruction catch and 64 bit interface with data catch.Arm11 micro
architecture contains barrel shifter. ARM 11 has 16 general purpose register named R0-R15.R13 is
known as stack pointer, R14 is known as link register.R15 is known as program counter.
There are 17 general purpose mode specific register.7 status register for each operating
mode. Operating modes are like user, FIQ, IRQ, Abort, System, Undefined, secure monitor,
supervisory. For low processing of 16 bits thumb instruction set is provided. In thumb mode R0-R7
registers are the general purpose registers. Thumb 2 instructions are provided for low power
processing. This architecture is having 8 stage pipelining with Dynamic and static branch
predication unit. Due to 8 stages of pipelining parallel load and store can be possible.
In the status register bit 0 to bit 4 determines the processor modes. Bit 5 represents whether
processor is in arm mode or thumb mode. And bits 28 to bit 31 are the CPU flags.
 CORTEX-A9
A multi core ARM cortexA9 processor is application class processor. Cortex a9 MPCORE
is a multi-core processor that delivers the second generation of the ARM MPCORE technology for
increased performance scalability and increased control over power consumption. The Cortex-A9
MPCORE multi-core processor provides a design configurable processor supporting between 1 and


4 CPU in an integrated cache coherent manner. Cortex A9 is having performance 2.50
DMIPS/MHz per core. Each processor may be independently configured for their cache sizes and
whether the FPU, MPE or PTM interface will be supported.
It‟s having 9 stage pipelining. This architecture is having 32 kb catch for instruction cache
and data cache with additional 64-bit and 128-bit register set supporting a rich set of SIMD
operations over 8,16 and 32-bit integer and 32bit Floating point data every cycle. Cortex a9
architecture is having in built NEON media processing. The Cortex-A9 MPE engine offers both the
performance and functionality of the Cortex-A9 Floating-Point Unit plus an implementation of
the NEON Advanced SIMD instruction set for further acceleration of media and signal processing
functions.

1.3 Instructions operation and memory utilization
 ARM11

Basically, ARM 11 instruction set can be divided in 6 classes of instructions: Branch
instructions, Data processing instructions, Status register transfer instructions, Load and store
instructions, Coprocessors instructions, and Exception generating instructions. ARM11 architecture
uses 32 bit for every instruction. To deliver enhanced performance pipeline is used in this
architecture is. It implements 8 stages of pipeline. So ARM 11 avoids delays in pipeline by using
forwarding and branch prediction and pipeline issues one instruction at the time. Improved
memory access gives better overall performance significantly in ARM 11. Instructions and data
remain in a cache longer which in turn reduces cache misses. One of the major improvements in
ARM 11 cores is non blocking operation of memory.
 Cortex-A9
Cortex A9 is having superscalar decoder capable of decoding two full instructions per cycle.
It has pipeline of 9 stages. The shallower stage is very important for low power consumption data
transfer. In this heavy pipeline stage there is out of order execution .That saves the wastage of CLK
cycle due to some pipeline stages. It provides advanced processing of instruction fetch and branch
prediction. This architecture is having advance L2 catch controller. Supports up to 224 independent
interrupts, under software control, each interrupt can be distributed across CPU.

1.4 MMU

 ARM 11
MMU is the hardware component to handle memory request generated by CPU. In ARM11

architecture translation process is based on the TTW and TLB.TLB contain the mapping of physical

8


address to virtual address. There are two types of TLB in ARM11 architecture. This TLBS are
stored in main memory virtual Address generated by CPU will be searched in TLB. If TLB is not
having any physical address for that virtual address then TTW will be done by MMU. It can access
address location in the three different sizes of pages. ARM 11 is having Standard ARMv6 MMU
mapping sizes, domains, and access protection scheme.
 Cortex-A9:
In cortexA9 MMU works with L1 and L2 catch memory. Page table entry supports four
different page sizes.

It‟s having global and application-specific identifiers to remove the

requirement for context switch TLB flushes. There are three kind of TLB in Cortex
architecture.MMU in this processor contains three types of TLBS. One for instruction one for data
and one is unified TLB.

1.5 Conclusion
The topic is based on the discussion of ARM 11 and cortex A9. From the above fact we can
conclude that ARM 11 and CortexA9 are having their own application area in the embedded world.
But for butter power consumption and faster speed execution CortexA9 will be preferable.

9


PART-B
CHAPTER 2
________________________________________________________________________________

2.1 Introduction
BVM is a consumer product that can be used to serve the beverages to customers in place of
making manually. This machine is basically designed for public places. Where there are some
regular user and some infrequent user. For satisfying this both needs this BVM is having coin box
for infrequent user and RFID interface for regular user. For regular user in place of coin they will
be provided a RFID card, no need to arrange coin for beverages daily. After swiping card BVM will
check arability of user in database. Or after inserting the appropriate coin in coin box machine will
make exact ratio of appropriate ingredients is controlled by ARM processor.

2.2 Requirements for BVM


Lpc2129 evaluation board



Induction heater



Four push button switches



Lm34a temperature sensor



Solenoid valve with capacity 400 mlPM.



Three servo motors with screw conveyers.



One coin acceptor



RFID transmitter and receiver

10


2.3 Block diagram of ARM interfaces with various components

Figure 2.1: Block diagram of ARM with various interfaces
The Figure 2.1 shows us the general diagram of the LPC 2129 with all its interfaces and
different components that have been used for various purposes so that they can assist in the proper
working of the system. Each component used in the block diagram is mentioned briefly below.

2.2.1 Valve 1
The valve 1 is used as output valve connected with the IO port 0.20 to ARM controller. This
valve is simple valve solenoid valves that can be operate with relay. Normally open valve is capable
of transferring 200 ml liquid per Minuit. The main function of the valve is to pore 50 ml of hot
water in the user‟s cup. This valve is working on 230v A.C. Operating temperature of this valve is
50 -120 degree c.

Figure 2.2: Solenoid valve[6]

11


2.2.2 Valve 2 to Valve 4
This all valves are the output ports that are connected with ULN 2003 which is connected
IO port 8 to 19.This valve is having servo motor connected with the screw conveyer mechanism.
That is responsible for pouring all powder contain like coffeeteamilk powder to the user‟s cup.
Quantity of the powder is depending upon the number of rotation of servo motor and size of groves
on converging screw. Operating voltage for servo motor is 12v dc. The middle shaft is connected
with servo motor. When servo motor will rotate any powder contain can conveyed in groves.

Figure 2.3: Screw Conveyer Mechanism [7]

2.2.3 Temperature sensor
Lm35a is connected as input device to the ARM controller on the IO port 0.27.port 0.27 is
the analog input channel 0. Lm35 will provide analog input according to the temperature of
environment. Internal ADC is configured to convert this analog voltage to the 8 bit digital data.
This temperature sensor is used to maintain the temperature of water storage. One heater is used to
make water hot .Heater is controlled by relay which is connected with IO port 0.6.If temperature is
going beyond limit it will off the heater.

2.2.4 Water heater
Induction water heater is used to make water hot. That is connected as output on IO port 0.6
with relay. Heater is in the close loop control system with temperature sensor. If the container
temperature is increasing beyond limit state of p0.6 will be changed to off. This heater is working
on 230V A.C.

2.2.5 SW 1 to SW4
This all are the push buttons switches. That is connected as the input on the ARM on IO port
0.2 to 0.5.that is used to collect the data from the user.

12


2.2.6 Coin acceptor
Wave future coin acceptor ac5[8] is interfaced with ARM as serial communicator. This coin
accepter will send same string while inserting of same coin .It will send that string data through
USB. By using serial to USB converter data is converting in RS-232 format. This is connected with
U0.

2.2.8 RFID decoder
RFID decoder is interfaced with ARM as serial communicator. Basically it will provide
input to the ARM. Rx pin of processer is multiplexed using relay and ULN 2003.So before
receiving data from RFID detector that relay position should be set to appropriate device .IO port
0.21 is the controlling terminal for this relay. Common terminal of relay is connecter with the ULS
2003. ULN 2003 will provide high operating current to relay. The mechanism is shown in Figure
2.4 below.

Figure 2.4: Circuit for multiplexing U0 Rx pin

13


2.3 General Flow chart for BVM firmware

Figure 2.5:General flow chart of BVM firmware

Above Figure 2.5 is functional flow graph of BVM. By the starting of the program will set
UART with 9600 baud rate for serial communication, 30 MHZ of PCLK and configure A0 channel
as analog input channel for temperature sensor. After that state program will check for the
temperature of the hot water cane .If the temperature is above 60 degree C then it will switch of the
heater or else heater will we switched on.
Normal user mode is design for those who want to insert five rupee coin for beverage. In
this mode program will ask for coin. If user enters rite coin then program will allow user to enter
the choice for beverage. On occurrence of wrong coin program will ask again for coin.

14


Figure 2.6: functional flow graph for normal user
Admin mode which is showed in Figure 2.7 is available in this program. Admin RFID card
is required to access admin functions. If the admin ID number match with the predefine admin
number then this functions can be accessible. There are two function dedicated to admin mode.
First is adding user. In which admin can register user. Second is log mode. In which admin can
view log of consumption of beverages by every registered user.
In add user function it will ask for swapping the users RFID card. After swapping the user‟s
RFID card it string attached with that RFID tag will be saved. In log mode admin is able to see the
log of the consumption of beverages by reg. user.

Figure 2.7: Functional flow graph for admin mode

15


Registered user mode is design for registered user. In this mode program will ask to swipe
the RFID card provided by the admin. After swiping the card program will check user‟s ID in
database and then allow user to take tea or coffee. Only admin is having rights to make user and
delete user. All the users‟ transactions can be calculated and his payment can be on monthly basis
or three months depending on the requirement.

Figure 2.8: functional flow graph for registered user
Admin change mode is one of important mode of this design. In this mode admin can give
his authorities to anyone. After changing admin new admin will have all powers of admin and
previous admin will be deleted.

2.4 Calculation for making beverages
In BVM valve opening and closing timing are important for making good beverages. Two
different types of mechanism are used. Solenoid valve for water and screw conveyer mechanism for
powder ingrains. Opening and closing timings of these two mechanisms are mention below.


Calculation for water

16


Water bottle is adjusted as if solenoid valve is open so water can flow with gravitational force. In
this mechanism solenoid valve is having capacity of 400 MLPM. That menace in fully open
conditions it can curry 400 ml of liquid per Minuit.
Time for water = (50 ml*60sec)/400 ml
So, for a cup of 50 ml BVM will open that valve for 7.5 sec.


Calculation for powder
For pouring coffeeteamilk powder, screw conveyer is used. So the amount of powder is
depending upon the area of one grove on screw. After every one rotation of servo motor one
grove power can be delivered.
Servo motor will rotate conveyer five time 4 g of coffee powder will be poured in cup. By
changing the number of rotation of servo motor quantity will be changed.
Quantity in one Rotation = (Diameter of shaft*depth of grooves*periphery of shaft)

2.5 Further implementation


In further implementation admin can set the limit of beverages for each user. If user is going
beyond his limit BVM will ask to insert coin. It‟s like recharge and drink.



The user database will be on server and all BVMs are connected with server through
medium of internet. Whenever user try to enter RFID card BVM search user‟s database in
common sever.



Money return mechanism can interfaced be with BVM.

2.6 Comparison with existing BVM


Existing BVMs does not support Reg. user. Its only contains normal users. So, regular users
have to arrange coin every day for beverages. Daily arranging coin is a major issue for
regular user. This BVM is designed to solve the issue of daily arranging coin for beverages.

17

PART-C
CHAPTER 3
________________________________________________________________________________

3.1 Implementation on LPC 2129


Every firmware is divided in several no of functions to decreases the complexity of
algorithm. In this firmware of BVM is divided in to the 23 functions. in which the main
functions are second(), admin_mode(), temp_chk() ,read_rfid(), tea() ,coffee(), test().



Before main a structure named data is used to store the information regarding registered
user. So, by every login of registered user firmware can search and make log of users‟
beverages consumption.



In the second function program will ask in which mode user wants to login. After getting
input by user program will deliver controls to appropriate function. If the user made choice
to login in the admin mode the second will call admin_mode(). That will check users RFID
whether that ID have admin permission or not. If ID has admin rites then user will allowed
to admin mode. After entering the admin mode there are two functions.
o Add user
o View log



Add user is used to add the member in the structure. String of the hex numbers which is
received is assigned as mem[x].ID, and initially record of no of beverages consumed by user
mem[x].no_bev will be zero.



View log is used to see the log of whole members. In this function admin can see the
consumption of beverages by registered user.



Temp_chk () is the function for reading ADC converted data. Temperature sensor is
connected with the analog pin 0.27.At every iteration of while (1), program will check the
temperature of water can. If the temperature is beyond 60 it will off the heater which is
connected on port 0.6.



rfid_read() is dedicated for reading the serial port0 and store received string in the global
array named read[14].two serial transmission devices are connected on the with the Rx
port of UART 0.UART is multiplexed using the relay. Common terminal of the relay is


connected with the p0.22. So before calling this function programmer have to make sure the
relay is in proper direction or not.


Tea () is responsible for making tea. After calling this function stepper motor which is
connected with the port 8 to port 11 will rotate 25 times for the insertion of 25 g milk
powder. After the another stepper motor which is connected with the port 12 to port 15 will
rotate 10 times for insertion of 10 g of tea powder. After this relay which is connected on
the port 0.20 will be on that turn on the solenoid valve for a while.



In the coffee () in place of motor which is connected with the port 16 to port 19 will rotate
for 15 times that is responsible for insertion of 15 g of coffee powder

3.1 Testing algorithm
Test () is the algorithm that is used for testing only. By calling, function will create three
members in the structure with data of their ID and consumption of beverages. So by calling the log
function all data of these user can be retrieve.

3.3 Testing results

Initially
temperature is
less then 60, so
heater is on.

Figure 3.1: Heater state

19


Welcome screen and
mode selection of BVM.

Figure 3.2: welcome screen

In admin mode
program is asking to
swap admin ID .After
swapping appropriate
ID shows that you are
authorised for admin
or not.
Admin
mode is
selected
from switch
1.

Figure 3.3: Ask for admin ID

20


Log is generated by
log mode on the
basis of testing
valves.

Switch 4 is
pressed for log
mode.

Figure 3.4: Log output

In registered user
mode asking to swap
RFID card of user.
Switch 2 is pressed
to enter in
registered user.

Figure 3.5: Asking for user ID

21


After swapping
reg. user’s RFID
it will ask for
tea/coffee.

Switch 1 is
pressed for
tea

After selection tea first motor for
milk powder is rotating.
Figure 3.6: Milk powder

Another
motor is
started
for tea
powder.

Figure 3.7: Tea powder

22


After milk and tea
one relay is on that
operates solenoid
valve for hot water.

Figure 3.8: Relay operation

Asking to
insert coin for
normal user

Switch 3 is
pressed
for normal
user

Figure 3.9: Normal login

23


CHAPTER 4

4.1 Benefits of this assignment


After solving part A of this assignment I became familiar with the two new 32 bit processor
named arm11 & cortex A9.



After solving part B of this assignment I come to know about “how to design whole
systems?” and practical issues while designing a system.



After solving part C of this assignment I come to know about the programming pattern of 32
bit processors and various interfaces.

4.2 Module learning outcomes


Different microcontroller architectural designs and programming skills were gained from
this module.



In this module I gained Interfacing of ARM with different peripherals.



Improve the knowledge of assembly and another higher level programming language like
„c‟.



Became more familiar with compiler like keil.

24


References
________________________________________________________________________________
[1] Steve Furber, ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley Professional,
2000
[2]http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0409f/Chdceejc.html
[3]http://www.arm.com/files/pdf/ARMCortexA-9Processors.pdf
[4] http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0409f/Chdceejc.html
[5]http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.ddi0360f/DDI0360F_arm11_mpcore_r2p0_tr
m.pdf
[6] http://www.giplindia.com/pdf/water-valve-catalogue.pdf
[7]http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=screw+conveyer&hl=en&safe=active&sa=G&gbv=2&biw=1
366&bih=643&tbm=isch&tbnid=vYpPhdRVAZMmyM:&imgrefurl=http://rhengineers.tradeind
ia.com/Exporters_Suppliers/Exporter14729.220193/ScrewConveyor.html&docid=X7Omiaq71jq
[8] http://coin-acceptor.com/pdf/WeavefutureCoinAcceptor.pdf

25


Bibliography
________________________________________________________________________________


www.google.com



www.arm.com



www.keil.com

26


Appendix
________________________________________________________________________________
Here is code for beverage vending machine.

#include<lpc21xx.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <stdio.H>

/* function prototype*/
void test(void);
void set_serial0(void);
void set_pll(void);
void send_string(char *p,int b);
void send_char(unsigned char f);
void delay(unsigned int x);
void first(void);
void second(void);
void add_user(void);
void prep_bav(void);
void log_mode(void);
void admin_func(void);
void read_rfid(void);
void make_db(void);
void send_in(int *A );
void disp(void);
void ask_admin(void);
void adc_init(void);
void temp_chk(void);
void tea(void);
void coin_accept(void);
void coffee(void);

27


char final[14]="12345678901234";
char read[14];
int b,I=2;
char user[];
char ADMIN[14]="09876543210987";
/* structure to store the reg. user data*/
struct data
{
int no_m;
char ID[14];
int no_bev;
};
struct data mem[10];
/* main starts*/
int main()

{
PINSEL0=0x00000005;
PINSEL1=0x00400000;

IODIR0=0x003FFF40;

//confuguring p0.27 as analog input;

// for making input port p0.2,p0.3 switches; P0.6
Output Hot Water Relay inlet ; p0.8,p0.19 output ULN

set_serial0();
set_pll();
adc_init();
while(1)
{
test();
temp_chk();
first();
second();

}

28


return 0;}
/* configure pll,pclk=30 mhz ,cclk =60mhz*/
void set_pll(void)
{
PLLCFG=0x04;

// cclk will be 60mhz;

PLLCON=0x01;
PLLFEED=0xaa;
PLLFEED=0x55;
while(!(PLLSTAT & 0x400));
PLLCON=0x03;
PLLFEED=0xaa;
PLLFEED=0x55;
VPBDIV=0x02;

// pclk will be 30 mhz;

}
/* this is admin change mode which can call by pressing switch 1 and 2*/
void ask_admin(void)
{
char c[50]="

SWAP YOUR CARD TO MAKE IS AS DEFAULT ADMIN";

send_string(c,strlen(c));
delay(100);
read_rfid();
strcpy(ADMIN,read);
}
/* for configuring serial 0*/
void set_serial0(void)
{
U0LCR=0x83;
U0DLL=0xc3;
U0LCR=0x33;
}

29


/* for sending string serially*/
void send_string(char *p,int b)
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<=b;i++)
{ send_char(*p++);
}
}
/* sending integer to serial*/
void send_in(int *A)
{

{ send_char(*A);
}
}
/* sending character to serial*/
void send_char(unsigned char f)
{
while (!(U0LSR & 0x20));
U0THR=f;
}
/* sending log to uart*/
void disp(void)
{
char e[30]="user ";
char f[50]=" RFID NO IS : ";
char g[50]=" NO OF BEVERAGES CUPS CONSUMED BY THIS USER IS :";
int x,z ;

for(x=0;x<=I;x++)
{

send_string(e,strlen(e));

30


send_char(mem[x].no_m);

send_string(f,strlen(f));
for(z=0;z<14;z++)
{

send_char(mem[x].ID[z]);

}

send_char('n');

send_string(g,strlen(g));
send_char(mem[x].no_bev);
send_char('n');

}

}
/*for welcome screen */
void first(void)
{

char k[50]="*****************************************nr";
char f[50]="**:WELCOME TO BEVERAGE VENDING MACHINE:**nr";
char j[50]="*****************************************nnnnr";
send_string(k,strlen(k));
send_string(f,strlen(f));
send_string(j,strlen(j));

}
/* for reading string from uart0 and storing in to read global variable*/
void read_rfid(void)
{

31


int it,ir=0 ;

for (it=0;it<=13;it++)
{
while (!(U0LSR & 0x01));
read[ir]=U0RBR;
ir++;
}
}
/* first screen in log mode*/
void log_mode(void)

// opration for log mode;

{
char c[60]="YOU ARE IN LOG MODEnnn";
send_string(c,strlen(c));

disp();
}
/* for making database of user it edits the structure

*/

void make_db(void)
{

mem[I].no_m=I;
strcpy (mem[I].ID,read);
mem[I].no_bev=0;

}
/* for adding user procedural */
void add_user(void)

//for adding user

{
int q;
char w[50]=" YOUR ID IS :" ;

32


char t[50]=" PRESS 4 TO SAVEn";
char d[100]=" SCAN USERS CARD n" ;
//char ga[50]="YOUR CHOICE IS NOT VALID";
IOSET0=0x00200000;
send_string(d,strlen(d));
read_rfid();
send_string(w,strlen(w));
I++;
send_char('I');
delay(50);
send_string(t,strlen(t));
delay(100);
q=((IOPIN0&0x00000020)>>5);
if (q == 0x01)
{
make_db();
send_string("USER IS CREATED SUCSSFULLY",27);

}
else
{
//

send_string(ga,strlen(ga));
I--;

}
}
/* for choice of tea and coffee*/
void prep_bav(void)
{
int ax;
char w[50]=" PRESS 1 FOR TEAn";
char t[50]="

PRESS 2 FOR COFFEEnnn";


33


delay(50);

ax=((IOPIN0&0x0000000c)>>2);

// masking of p0.0,p0.1 and all other ports;

if(ax==0x01)
{
tea();
}
else if(ax==0x02)
{
coffee();
}

}
/* 10ms delay*/
void delay(unsigned int x)
{
unsigned int g,h,kcf;
for (g=0;g<=x;g++)
{
for (h=0;h<=8200;h++)
{
for(kcf=0;kcf<=10;kcf++)
{;}
}}}
/* for admin functions*/
void admin_func(void)
{
int s,po;
char k[50]=" YOU NOT AUTHORISED FOR ADMIN LOGINn";
char j[50]=" YOU ARE AUTHORISED FOR ADMIN LOGINnnn";
char u[50]=" YOU ARE IN ADMIN MODEnnn";
char c[50]=" PRESS 3 TO ADD THE USERnn"; //sw1=p0.0,sw2=p0.1,sw2=p0.3;
char z[50]=" PRESS 4 TO SEE LOGnn";

//sw4=p0.4

34


char m[50]=" PLEASE SWAP YOUR ID CARD !!!nnn";

IOSET0=0x00200000;

send_string(m,strlen(m));
read_rfid();

po= strcmp(ADMIN,read);
if(po==0)

//chk for admin permision;

{
send_string(j,strlen(j));
delay(10);
send_string (u,strlen(u));
delay(10);
send_string (c,strlen(c));
delay(10);
send_string (z,strlen(z));
delay(10);

s=((IOPIN0&0x00000030)>>4);
switch(s)
{

//for adding user

case 0x01:
add_user();
break;
case 0x02:

//for log
log_mode();
break;

}
} else
send_string(k,strlen(k));

35


}
/* for mode selection */
void second(void)
{

int ir,a,hi;
char h[80]=" SCAN YOUR RFID TO MAKE IT AS ADMIN";
char g[80]=" You ARE IN REG.USER MODEnn";
char t[80]=" FOR ADMIN MODE PRESS SWITCH 1nn";
char d[80]=" FOR REG.USER MODE PRESS SWITCH 2 nn" ;
char y[80]=" YOU HAVE SUSSCESSFULLY CHANGED ADMIN ID";
char z[80]=" FOR NORMAL USER PRESS SWITCH 3nnn";
char w[80]=" YOU ARE IN NORMAL USER MODEnn "

;

delay(50);
send_string(d,strlen(d));
send_string(z,strlen(z));
delay(50);
a=((IOPIN0&0x0000003c)>>2);
if (a==0x01)

// masking of p0.0,p0.1 and all other ports;
//for admin mode;

{
admin_func();

}
else if (a==0x02)
//for user mode;
{
send_string (g,strlen(g));
send_char(13);
send_string("enter the RFIDnn ",19);
send_char(13);
IOSET0=0x00200000;
read_rfid();

36


for (ir=1;ir<=10;ir++)
{
hi=strcmp(read,mem[ir].ID);
if(hi==0)
{

// p=&mem[ir].no_bev;
mem[ir].no_bev++;

prep_bav();
}
}
}

else if (a==0x04)
{
coin_accept();

}

else if (a==0x03)

//switch 1 &2 will allow you chage the admin;;

{
send_string(h,strlen(h));

read_rfid();
strcpy(ADMIN,read);
send_string(y,strlen(y));
send_string("ADMIN HAS SUCESSFULLY CHANGED",30);

}}
/* adc initialization*/
void adc_init(void)

//for temperature measurement and temperature limitation;

{
ADCR=0x00270601;

// adc is at 3mhz;;

37


ADCR|=0x01000000;

// to start conversation;

}
/* for maintaining temperature of hot water*/
void temp_chk(void)
{
unsigned int v = 0;

if((ADDR&0x80000000)==0x00000000);
v=ADDR;
v = ((v >> 6) & 0x03FF); //Extract the A/D result

if(v>=0x3c)
{

IOCLR0=0x00000040;

//if temp = 0x60 switch of the relay.

}
else
{
IOSET0=0x00000040; // by default heater will on;
}}
/* for rotating appropriate motor while tea is selected*/
void tea(void)
{
int io;
for(io = 0; io < 25; io++)
{
IOSET0=0x00000c00;

//

milk insertion motor shaft runs 5times = rotary feeder

1 time for approriate mixture of milk
IOSET0=0x00000900;
IOSET0=0x00000300;
IOSET0=0x00000600;
IOCLR0=0x00000f00;

38


}
IOCLR0=0x00000f00;
for(io = 0; io < 15; io++)
{
IOSET0=0x0000c000;

//

tea insertion motor shaft runs 5times = rotery feeder 1

time for approriate mixture of tea
IOSET0=0x00009000;
IOSET0=0x00003000;
IOSET0=0x00006000;
IOCLR0=0x0000f000;
}
IOCLR0=0x0000f000;
IOSET0=0x00100000;

delay (1000);
IOCLR0=0x001000000;
send_string("here is your tea",30);

}
/* for rotating appropriate motor while coffee is selected*/
void coffee(void)
{
int io;

for(io = 0; io < 25; io++)
{
IOSET0=0x00000c00;

//

milk insertion motor shaft runs 5times = rotery feeder

1 time for approriate mixture of milk
IOSET0=0x00000900;
IOSET0=0x00000300;
IOSET0=0x00000600;
IOCLR0=0x00000f00;
}

39


IOCLR0=0x00000f00;
for(io = 0; io < 10; io++)
{
IOSET0=0x000c0000;

//

tea insertion motor shaft runs 5times = rotery feeder 1

time for approriate mixture of tea
IOSET0=0x00090000;
IOSET0=0x00030000;
IOSET0=0x00060000;
IOCLR0=0x000f0000;
}
IOCLR0=0x000f0000;
IOSET0=0x00100000;

delay (1000);
IOCLR0=0x00100000;
send_string("here is your coffee",30);
}
/* for coin acceptor*/
void coin_accept()
{
int a;
IOCLR0=0x00200000;

// To activate RX

delay(1);
send_string(" PLEASE ENTER 5 RS COIN IN COIN BOXn",38);
delay(10);
read_rfid();
a=strcmp(final,read);
if (a==0)
{
prep_bav();
}
else
send_string("PLEASE ENTER VALID COIN",23);

40


}
/* testing algoreathem*/
void test(void)
{
char qw[14]="2f3bac9d9ab632";
char er[14]="129232abcdef12";
char re[14]="00112233445566";
mem[0].no_m='1';
mem[1].no_m='2';
mem[2].no_m='3';
strcpy(mem[0].ID,qw);
strcpy(mem[1].ID,er);
strcpy(mem[2].ID,re);
mem[0].no_bev='5';
mem[1].no_bev='4';
mem[2].no_bev='8';

}

41

Assignment 1

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Assignment 1