Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) is a classification scheme defined by ISO 26262 that assesses automotive safety risks. It considers the severity, exposure, and controllability of potential vehicle hazards to determine an ASIL rating of A, B, C, or D. An ASIL D hazard poses the highest safety risk, with the potential for fatal injuries in conditions that are difficult for the driver to control. The ASIL rating influences the safety integrity requirements placed on automotive components and systems.

1. VEHICLE SAFETY
ASIL

2. VEHICLE SAFETY(ASIL)
Automotive Safety Integrity Level(ASIL) is of classifying hazards, risk, quality,
or reliability scheme defined by the ISO 26262 - Functional Safety for Road
Vehicles standard.
The ASIL is established by performing a risk analysis of a potential hazard by
looking at the Severity, Exposure and Controllability of the vehicle operating
scenario.
There are four ASILs identified by the standard: ASIL A, ASIL B, ASIL C, ASIL
D. ASIL D dictates the highest integrity requirements on the product and ASIL
A the lowest.
In the context of ISO 26262, a hazard is assessed in terms of severity of
possible injuries within the context how much of the time a vehicle is exposed
to the possibility of the hazard happening as well as the relative likelihood that
a typical driver can act to prevent the injury.
In short, ASIL refers both to risk and to risk-dependent requirements Whereas
risk may be generally expressed as:
Risk=(expected loss in case of the accident) x (probability of the
accident occurring)
and ASIL may be expressed as:
ASIL= Severity X Exposure X Controllability

3. The severity (S) of injuries can be classified as:
S0 No Injuries
S1 Light to moderate injuries
S2 Severe to life-threatening (survival probable) injuries
S3 Life-threatening (survival uncertain) to fatal injuries
Exposure (E) (the relative expected frequency of the operational conditions in
which the injury can possibly happen) and classified as:
E0 Incredibly unlikely
E1 Very low probability (injury could happen only in rare operating conditions)
E2 Low probability
E3 Medium probability
E4 High probability (injury could happen under most operating conditions)
Controllability Classifications (C):
C0 Controllable in general
C1 Simply controllable
C2 Normally controllable (most drivers could act to prevent injury)
C3 Difficult to control or uncontrollable
So, ASIL D is the highest level of hazard and can be computed as:
ASIL D= S3*E4*C3
For each single reduction in any one classification from its maximum value (excluding
reduction of C1 to C0), there is a single level reduction in the ASIL from D. [For example,
a hypothetical uncontrollable (C3) fatal injury (S3) hazard could be classified as ASIL A if
the hazard has a very low probability (E1).] The ASIL level A is the lowest level,