The document discusses a hypothesis for a Bronze Age global flood caused by impacts from a multi-nucleic comet around 2900-2800 BC. Impacts including one that formed the Burckle Crater in the Indian Ocean would have resulted in globally impacting storms, fires, tsunamis and flooding. This catastrophic event is connected to the Biblical story of Noah and is responsible for great flood myths in ancient Sumerian writings and many cultures. The hypothesis originated with Bruce Masse and the Holocene Impact Working Group.

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Hypothesis for a Bronze Age Global Flood
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
From Baxter, “The Days of Noah”
“Look out, Noah!”
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Noah (TV-Mini-Series )1999
“Noah,” 2014
“Media” interpretations…
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
“Noah”, 2014
Calculate the volume and pressure in this aquifer!
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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“Noah”, 2014
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
“Happiness is...”
“Just chillin’...”
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Apply science to better understand God and the Bible
Support a true understanding of Biblical reality to share the Gospel and build faith
Help remove barriers to faith by showing there is no conflict between what the Bible says and science
Improve respect for science and encourage the church to grow in a unified expression
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Fenambosy Chevron, Madagascar
600 ft high; 3 miles inland
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Discovered in 2006, 1,500 km (930 miles), SE of Madagascar
Diameter = 29 +/- 1 km (18 miles)
Ocean depth = 3,800 m (12,500 ft)
Mineralogical impact evidence
Estimated as less than 6,000 years old
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
•Settled by non-Semitic Ubaidians (5500–4000 BC)
•Very flat cross-section across 300 km (240 mi)
•Oman forms the southern coast of Persian Gulf
Ancient Sumer Sites
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
•Extends N-S ~1 km.
•Mound + skirt ~120 hectares
•35 ha > 3 m
•Max elev 9 m
Fig 1. Jamdat Nasr to Early Dynastic 1 Fig 2. Early Dynastic II-IIIa Possible earlier Uruk level, 4000-3100 BC Adams)
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Photo Source of Fara Excavations:
Erich Schmidt. “Excavations at Fara,” 1931.
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Plots DE 38 and 39, Fara (Schmidt’s 1930 expedition)
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Schmidt, 1931
Strata I Description: Martin, 1988

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Penn Pot 1, Polychrome. (Top of deposit, Level 7) Incomplete. Not part of abandoned group.
Penn Pot 6
(Living Surface, Level 7)
Representative of pots found lying on floor mostly from NW and central portion of excavated area)
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Sumerian King List and Instructions of Shuruppak
◦Ubara-Tutu last king of Sumer before the deluge, son of Enmunderana Ubaratutu.
◦Flood after kingship taken to “Shuruppag.” Moved to Kish.
◦Last dynasty that ruled before the Great Flood.
Sumerian flood epic–single fragment – Ziusudra
◦Ony Ziusudra survives deluge (Son of last king.)
◦Ziusudra commanded by protecting god to build an ark. He rides out the disaster and afterwards re-creates man and living things upon the earth. Gains eternal life.
Sumerian flood legend heros-“Noah” equivalents
◦Akkadian Atrahasis ("extremely wise")
◦Utnapishtim in Gilgamesh ("he found life")
Biblical Noah ("rest") - Son of Lamech
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Singular “Great Flood” Event
A single major cataclysm as primary motif leading to deaths of most of cultural group and leading to new creations of humanity
Environmental aspects identified: source/nature of flood waters (rain, tsunami), nature of storm, earthquakes, direction of flood storm, duration, light/darkness, means of survival, % of deaths, advanced warning, flood-dating indicators, description of supernatural creatures
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
David Jewitt, http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/interior.html
Multi-component nucleus might account for distributed, world-wide impacts.
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Comet impact slightly larger than 5 km diameter
51 km/s (long period objects are faster than meteors), impact angle of 45o yields modeled crater fitting Burckle. Impact energy of 2 x 107 MT.*
Rocky debris ejected 9,000 km from impact site.
For perspective 1x 108 is enough energy to power the whole Earth for several centuries and is the energy theorized as released by the impact event leading to the demise of the dinosaurs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNT_equivalent
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Impacts from a multi-nucleic comet, including one forming Burckle Crater some 900 miles southeast of Madagascar, resulted in globally impacting cyclonic storms, fires, tsunamis, and massive local flooding associated with a very high mortality rate. The event occurred between 2900 – 2800 BC and is connected with the Biblical Noah who resided in ancient Shuruppak (modern-day Tell Fara, Iraq). The event left demonstrable physical effects and an archaeological record and is responsible for the “Great Flood” myths pervasive in many cultures and ancient Sumerian writings.
Hypothesis largely originated by W. Bruce Masse and the Holocene Impact Working Group. (For example, refer to Scott Carney, “Did a Comet Cause the Great Flood?” Discover, November 2007
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Radiometric dating of Burckle Crater impact
Identification of comet impact signature evidence in cores and sediments
Modeling of comet impact effects; cyclonic storm modeling
Identification of possible related impact sites
Characterization and modeling of Mesopotamian, Bronze Age flood sediments and directions of transport; continuity of Fara flood layer
Archaeological, historical, cultural, and linguistic evidence for cultural decline or disruption and re-emergence affecting Bronze Age civilizations, locally and globally around 3,000 BC
Paleoclimatic events clustered around 3000 BC and relationship to hypothesis (“unclear,” Meehan)
Development of Biblical texts and other religious
Genetic and population studies: 1) related to “Noah” and 2) related to “post-flood” dispersion
More…
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Woolley, C,. Leonard, “The Early Periods” (Ur Excavations, Vol. IV), 1956.
Mallowan, Max, “Noah’s Flood Reconsidered,” Iraq, Vol. XXVI, 1964, pp. 62-83.
Kramer, Samuel Noah ,The Sumerians, University of Chicago Press, 1963.
Kramer, Samuel Noah “Reflections on the Mesopotamian Flood: The Cuniform Data New and Old,” Expedition, Summer 1967, pgs 12-18.
Al Qadishiya Governorate 086. Tell Fara (Ancient Shuruppak) http://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/iraq05-086.html
Babylonian tablet shows how Noah's ark could have been constructed.” http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/jan/24/babylonian- tablet-noah-ark-constructed-british-museum – refers to Irving Finkel, British Museum.
Irving Finkel, The Ark Before Noah: Decoding the Story of the Flood, 2014. https://www.hodder.co.uk/books/detail.page?isbn=9781444757071
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
Masse, W. Bruce, “The Archaeology and Anthropology of Quaternary Period Cosmic Impact,” in Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society, Brobrowski and Rickman (eds.), 2007.
Masse, W. Bruce, “Earth, Air, Fire, and Water: The Archaeology of Bronze Age Cosmic Catastrophes,” in Natural Catastrophes During Bronze Age Civilisations,” Peiser, Palmer and Bailey (eds.), 1998
Masse, Bruce, Barber, Piccardi, and Barber, “Exploring the nature of myth and its role in science,” in Myth and Geology, Spec. Pub. 273, Geological Society of London, 2007.
Wilson, Ian, Before the Flood: The Biblical Flood as a Real Event and How it Changed the Course of Civilization, St. Martin’s Griffin, 2001.
Willam, Ryan and Walter Pitman, Noah’s Flood: The New Scientific Discoveries about the Event that Changed History, Simon & Schuster, 1998.
Murphy, Richard T.A., Background to the Bible: An Introduction to Scripture Study, Servant Books, 1978
Martin, Harriet P. , "Fara: A Reconstruction of the Ancient Mesopotamian City of Shuruppak," 1988.
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Martin, Harriet P., “Settlement Patterns at Shuruppak,” Iraq, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 24-31, 1983
Lamoureux, Denis O., Lamoureux Homepage, www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/
Wood, Mary Lucy, “Kramer of Sumer,” Saudi Aramco World, Aramco Services Co., Houston, TX, September/October, 1979
Baxter, Samuel C., “The Days of Noah,” The Real Truth, Restored Church of God (RCG formed from Worldwide Church of God founded by Herbert W. Armstrong )
MacDonald, David, "The Flood: Mesopotamian Archaeological Evidence," Creation/Evolution Journal, National Center for Science Education, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1988.
Schmidt, Erich. “Excavations at Fara.” The Museum Journal, University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania. XXII:3-4: 193-217, 1931.
Mallowan, M.E.L. “Noah’s Flood Reconsidered,” Iraq 26 (1964) 62-82; R.L. Raikes, ibid. 28 (1966) 52-63; S.N. Kramer, Expedition 9/4 (1967) 12-18.) Univ. of Pennsylvania. XXII:3-4:193-217.
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins
International Tsunami Expedition in Southern Madagascar, August 29 – September 13, 2006 (http://tsun.sscc.ru/proj.htm)
Blakeslee, Sandra, “Ancient Crash, Epic Wave,” The New York Times, November 6, 2006 (NY Times.com Science RSS)
Young, Davis, “History of the Collapse of ‘Flood Geology’ and a Young Earth.” Adapted from The Biblical Flood: A Case Study of th eChurch’s Response to Extrabiblical Evidence, Eerdmans, 1995.
Morton, G.R, Why the Black Sea is not the Site of Noah’s Flood, 1998. (http://home.entouch.net/dmd/bseaflod.htm)
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins

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Dave Robbins
drobbins@provide.net
734-747-1800 1393 Rue Deauville
Ypsilanti, MI 48198
Copyright 2014 David B. Robbins