The document discusses the history and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in agriculture. It defines AI as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence. The timeline of AI highlights important developments from 1950 to present day. The document outlines different types of AI and discusses 20 applications of AI in agriculture, including decision support systems, precision agriculture, robotics, and use of sensors, machine learning and computer vision. It predicts that AI will have a large impact on agriculture by helping 70 million Indian farmers and adding $9 billion to farmer incomes by 2020.

1. DOCTORAL SEMINAR - I
Presented by : ADITYA KARN
BAC/D/EXTN/002/2018-19
EXT - 691
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(AI) : APPLICATIONs IN AGRICULTURE
Dept. – EXTENSION EDUCATION BAU,
SABOUR

2. What is AI ?
Definition
“Every aspect of learning or any other feature of Intelligence can in
principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to
simulate it. An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use
language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now
reserved for humans, and improve themselves”
-McCarthy (1956)
Meaning
The theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks
normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech
recognition, decision-making and translation between languages.

3. History of AI

4. 1950
1950 – Alan Turning
He published a landmark paper in which he speculated about the possibility of creating machines that think.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

5. 1950
1951 – Game AI
Christopher Strachey wrote a checkers program and Dietrich Prinz wrote one for chess.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

6. 1950
1956 – The birth of AI
John McCarthy coined the term “Artificial Intelligence” in 1956 at the Dartmouth conference.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

7. 1950
1959 – First AI Laboratory
MIT AI Lab was first set up in 1959.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

8. 1950
1960 – General Motor’s Robot
First robot was introduced to GM assembly line.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

9. 1950
1961 – First Chatbot
The first AI chatbot called ELIZA was introduced in 1961.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

10. 1950
1997 – IBM Deep Blue
IBM’s Deep Blue beats champion Garry Kasparov in the game of chess.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

11. 1950
2005 – DARPA Grand Challenge
Stanforf Racing Team’s autonomous robotic car, Stanley wins the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

12. 1950
2011 – IBM Watson
IBM’s question answering system, Watson, defeated two greatest jeopardy! Champions, Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings.
1951 1956 1959 1960 1961 1997 2005 2011
TIMELINE

16. Artificial Narrow
Intelligence (ANI)
Also known as weak AI
involves applying AI
only to specific tasks.
Eg. Alexa, Siri, Sofia,
Self-driving cars.
Artificial General
Intelligence (AGI)
Also known as a strong
AI involves machines
that possess the ability
to perform any
intellectual task that a
human being can.
Artificial Super
Intelligence (ASI)
It is a term referring to
the time when the
capability of
computers will
surpass humans.

17. The original 7 aspects of AI (1956)
 Simulating higher functions of the human brain.
 Programming a computer to use general language.
 Arranging hypothetical neurones in a manner so that they can form
concepts.
 A way to determine and measure problem complexity.
 Self – improvement.
 Abstraction: Defined as the quality of dealing with ideas rather than
events.
 Randomness and creativity.

18. Domains of AI
Knowledge Base
Computer Vision Deep Learning
Expert System
Machine Learning Natural Language Processing

19. Applications of AI in Agriculture
1. AI-based decision support systems
2. AI-based precision agriculture
3. Smart sensors and Internet of Things
4. Agricultural robotics and automation equipment
5. Agricultural knowledge-based systems
6. Computational intelligence in agriculture, food
and bio-systems
7. AI in agricultural optimization management
8. Intelligent interfaces and human-machine
interaction
9. Machine vision and image/signal processing
10. Machine learning and pattern recognition
11. Systems modeling and analysis
12. Intelligent systems for animal feeding
13. Expert systems in agriculture
14. Intelligent systems for animal feeding
15. Crop Phenotyping and analysis
16. Remote sensing in agriculture
17. AI technology in aquaculture
18. AI in food engineering and cold chain
logistics
19. Big Data and Cloud Computing
20. Automatic navigation and self-driving
technology

20. Examples

28. Future of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
Digital farming and connected farm services can impact 70 million Indian farmers
in 2020. Thereby, adding $9 billion to farmer incomes.
In 2017, the Global AI in agriculture market size was 240 million US$ and it is
expected to reach 1100 million US$ by the end of 2025 and a CAGR of 20.8 percent
during 2018-2025. Thus initiatives to increase digital literacy in rural landscape
can be seen as a weapon in doubling farmer income in near future.

29. Conclusion
Artificial Intelligence is a program that can adapt itself to execute tasks in real time
situations using cognitive processing as the human mind. AI can be appropriate and
efficacious in agriculture sector as it optimises the resource use and efficiency. It solves the
problem of the scarcity of resource and Labour to a large extent. Adoption of AI is quite
useful in agriculture. Artificial Intelligence can prove to be technological Revolution and
boom agriculture to feed the increasing human population of the world. It will
complement and challenge to make right decision by farmers.

30. References:
• Brooks, R.A. (1986) Achieving Artificial Intelligence through Building Robots
(No. AI-M-899). Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge artificial
intelligence lab.
• Coulson, R.N., Folse, L.J. and Loh, B K (1987) Artificial Intelligence and
natural resource management. Science, 237, pp. 262-268
• Munakata, T. (1998) Fundamentals of the new artificial intelligence (Vol. 2)
Heidelberg: Springer.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMUxmLyrhSk
• https://agfundernews.com/the-challenges-for-artificial-intelligence-in-
agriculture.html
• http://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/artificial-intelligence-in-
agriculture/

31. Comments…

32. THANK YOU !