This document discusses artificial intelligence and its applications. It defines AI as intelligence displayed by machines, and notes two categories of AI methods: symbolic AI and computational AI, which includes neural networks and fuzzy systems. The document then discusses various applications of AI in fields like finance, medicine, industries, telecommunications, robotics, and gaming. It provides examples of achievements in AI like self-driving cars and cancer diagnosis. The future of AI is discussed, with the possibility that the world may increasingly rely on artificial rather than natural intelligence.

1. SUBMITTED BY-NIKITA BHANDARI
B.TECH V SEM
ROLL NO-06
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

3.  Artificial intelligence is a intelligence displayed by machines.
 In computer science AI research is defined as the study of
"intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment
and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some
goal.

4. AI METHODS
 TWO CATEGORIES:-
1.Symbolic AI(Development of knowledge-based systems).
2.Computational AI(includes such methods as neural networks
,fuzzy system)

5. KBS
 Knowledge based systems(KBS):-A KBS can be defined as a
computer system capable of giving advice in a particular domain
utilizing knowledge by human expert. A distinguishing feature of
KBS lies in the sepration behind the knowledge, which can be
represented in a number of ways such as rules , frames or cases
and the inference engine or algorithm which uses the knowledge
to arrive at a conclusion.

6. NEURAL NETWORKS
 NEURAL NETWORKS:-Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or
connectionist systems are computing systems inspired by the
biological neural networks that constitute animal brains. Such
systems learn (progressively improve performance) to do tasks by
considering examples, generally without task-specific
programming. For example, in image recognition, they might
learn to identify images that contain cats by analyzing example
images that have been manually labeled as "cat" or "no cat" and
using the results to identify cats in other images. They have found
most use in applications difficult to express in a traditional
computer algorithm using rule-based programming.

7. History of modern AI
 The modern history of AI can be traced back to the year 1956
when JOHN MCCARTHY proposed by the term as a topic for
a conference held at DARTMOUTRH COLLEGE.

8. HISTORY
 The initial goals for the field were too ambitious and few of them
failed to deliver that was promised.
In the 1960s and 1970s,the focus of AI research was primarily on
the development of KBS or expert systems.

9. APPLICATIONS OF AI
 FINANCE:
BANKING :- organize operations ,invest in stocks , manage
properties. In august 2001 , robots beat humans in a simulated
financial trading competition.
Some other applications in this section include loan investigation,
ATM design ,safe and fast banking etc.

10. MEDICINE
 MEDICINE:- A Medical clinic can use to organize bed schedules
make a staff rotation, and provide medical information.
 AI has also application in fields of
cardiology(CRG),neurology(MRI),embryology (sonography)
complex operations of internal organs.

11. HEAVY INDUSTRIES
 Huge machines involve huge maintenance and working. so it
becomes necessary part to have and efficient and safe operation
agent in their operation.

12. TELECOMMUNICATIONS
 TELECOMMUNICATIONS- Many telecommunications
companies make use of heuristic search in the management of
their workforces.
For example:- BT Group has deployed heuristic search in a
scheduling application that provides the work of 20000 engineers.

14. ROBOTICS
 A robot is a machine especially one programmable by a
computer capable of carrying out a complex series of actions
automatically.Robots can be guided by an external control device
or the control may be embedded within. Robots may be
constructed to take on human form but most robots are machines
designed to perform a task with no regard to how they look.
Robots can be divided into three main categories manipulators
,mobile roots and humanoid.

15.  The base object is the agent who is the ‘actor’. It is realized in
software. Robots are manufactured as hardware. The connection
between those two is that the control of the robot is a software
agent that reads data from the sensors decides what to do next
and then directs the effectors to act in the physical world.

16. SOPHIA (ROBOT)
 Sophia is a humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong-based
company Hanson Robotics. It has been designed to respond to
questions, and has been interviewed around the world. In
October 2017, the robot became a Saudi Arabian citizen, the
first robot to receive citizenship of any country.
 Sophia was activated on April 19, 2015.The robot is modeled
after actress Audrey Hepburn, and is known for its human-
like appearance and behavior compared to previous robotic
variants. According to the manufacturer, David Hanson,
Sophia uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing and
facial recognition. Sophia also imitates human gestures and
facial expressions and is able to answer certain questions and
to make simple conversations on predefined topics (e.g. on the
weather).

17.  CAPABILITIES-Sophia is conceptually similar to the
computer program ELIZA, which was one of the first
attempts at simulating a human conversation. The
software has been programmed to give pre-written
responses to specific questions or phrases, like a chatbot.
These responses are used to create the illusion that the
robot is able to understand conversation, including stock
answers to questions like "Is the door open or shut?"The
information is shared in a cloud network which allows
input and responses to be analysed with block chain
technology . The robot's range of facial expressions are
facilitated by its artificial "frubber" skin, which is
mechanically manipulated.

19. GAMING
 Physicist willy Higinbotham created the first ever
video game ever in 1958. It was called “tennis for
two” and was plan oscilloscope. But now AI
technology has become vast and standard has also
been increased .
e.g. sudoku,fear,fallout etc.

20. SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS
 Credit granting.
 Information management and retrieval.
 AI and expert systems embedded in products.
 Plan layout.
 Help desks and assistance.
 Employee performance evaluation.
 Shipping
 Marketing
 Warehouse optimization.
 Military activity controls.

21. ACHEVIMENTS OF AI
 Alpha Go defeated the world champion in the game
of Go.
 Tesla self-driving car was taken to hospital of a
person with a heart attack.
 Artificial intelligence has revolutionized the
diagnosis of cancer.
 World's first 'molecular robot' capable of building
molecules.
 DARPA grand challenge -123 miles through the desert.

22. FUTURE OF AI
 Looking at the features and its wide application we
may definitely stick to artificial intelligence . Seeing
at the development of AI , is it that the future world
is becoming artificial.
 The memory capacity of the human brain is probably
of the order of ten thousand million binary digits.
But most of this is probably used in remembering
visual impressions, and other compratively.
 Hence we can say that as natural intelligence is
limited and volatile too world may now depend upon
computers for smooth working.

23. CONCLUSION
 The ultimate goal of institutions and scientist
working on AI is to solve majority of the problems or
to achieve the tasks which we humans directly can’t
accomplish.

24. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_neural_net
work
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_(robot)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_in_artificial
_intelligence