An archaeological survey was conducted across 2,564 acres in the Coso Range in California to investigate patterns of prehistoric pinyon nut exploitation in the region. 184 prehistoric sites were recorded and analyzed. The survey methods and natural context of the area are described in detail. Artifacts found indicate that fully ripened nuts were regularly consumed deep into antiquity, but more intensive harvesting of green cones occurred after 1,350 BP, as shown by associations between later projectile points and domestic facilities found at sites. The article clearly presents the research goals, methodology, findings, and conclusions regarding shifting patterns of pinyon nut use over time in the southwestern Great Basin.