This document discusses the impact of high-stakes testing on English Language Learners (ELLs) in major urban high schools in Texas. It analyzes issues and challenges faced by ELLs under standardized testing policies. Quantitative data will be gathered from 10 high schools, and qualitative data from an online questionnaire on respondents' views of how standardized tests impact ELLs. Both positive and negative consequences, or "washback effects", of assessments on ELLs and other stakeholders will be examined.
This article discusses the issues and challenges faced by English Language Learners (ELLs) in public schools, particularly in Texas. It analyzes how standardized testing required by the No Child Left Behind Act has both positive and negative consequences, or "washback effects", for ELLs. While high-stakes testing is meant to improve outcomes for at-risk students like ELLs, it can also increase dropout rates, disproportionately place ELLs in special education, and cause school rankings to focus more on demographics than academic growth. Both quantitative and qualitative data are needed to fully understand the impact of standardized testing on ELLs.
Dr. Kritsonis Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus
In 2004, Dr. Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF ATYPICAL PRINCIPALO PREPARATION PROGRAMS ON...William Kritsonis
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF ATYPICAL PRINCIPALO PREPARATION PROGRAMS ON SCHOOL ACCOUNTABILITYH AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGH-POVERTY SCHOOLS by Sheri L. Miller-Williams, PhD
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Dissertation Chair, PVAMU-The Texas A&M University System
Status of Elementary Art Education: 1997-2004Maira Jaffri
This document summarizes the status of elementary art education in the United States between 1997-2004 based on trends in state policies and survey data. It finds that while most states had art education standards, only a minority clearly mandated art instruction. Teacher preparation requirements for art were minimal, with many teachers lacking a major or minor in art. Few states implemented statewide art assessments, and NCLB's focus on reading, math, and science scores reduced emphasis on other subjects like art.
This document discusses the negative impacts of educational disadvantage on students. Research shows students from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to struggle during and after schooling, having lower attendance, achievement, and attainment. While debates exist around the causes of the link between socioeconomic status and educational outcomes, studies consistently find adverse effects for disadvantaged students compared to their peers in areas like attendance, achievement and attainment. The document examines research on these impacts both generally and in the Australian context.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair for Steven Norfleet, Disserta...William Kritsonis
This document outlines Steven Norfleet's dissertation defense for a mixed methods study on school practices that promote African American student achievement. The study examined how African American students describe their experiences with correlates of effective schools, and how those correlates relate to student achievement in developmental math courses. The defense covers background on the achievement gap problem, purpose/problem statements, significance of studying this issue, the conceptual model drawing on effective schools research, research questions, and a review of relevant literature.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education. The researcher will use a concurrent mixed methods approach to explore personal, social, and academic factors through a survey and interviews of 300 students at a historically black college. The study aims to determine if academic support programs and family educational background relate to retention and graduation rates. Results could inform the development of credit and non-credit programs to better engage and support adult male learners of African descent.
This article discusses the issues and challenges faced by English Language Learners (ELLs) in public schools, particularly in Texas. It analyzes how standardized testing required by the No Child Left Behind Act has both positive and negative consequences, or "washback effects", for ELLs. While high-stakes testing is meant to improve outcomes for at-risk students like ELLs, it can also increase dropout rates, disproportionately place ELLs in special education, and cause school rankings to focus more on demographics than academic growth. Both quantitative and qualitative data are needed to fully understand the impact of standardized testing on ELLs.
Dr. Kritsonis Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus
In 2004, Dr. Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF ATYPICAL PRINCIPALO PREPARATION PROGRAMS ON...William Kritsonis
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF ATYPICAL PRINCIPALO PREPARATION PROGRAMS ON SCHOOL ACCOUNTABILITYH AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN HIGH-POVERTY SCHOOLS by Sheri L. Miller-Williams, PhD
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD, Dissertation Chair, PVAMU-The Texas A&M University System
Status of Elementary Art Education: 1997-2004Maira Jaffri
This document summarizes the status of elementary art education in the United States between 1997-2004 based on trends in state policies and survey data. It finds that while most states had art education standards, only a minority clearly mandated art instruction. Teacher preparation requirements for art were minimal, with many teachers lacking a major or minor in art. Few states implemented statewide art assessments, and NCLB's focus on reading, math, and science scores reduced emphasis on other subjects like art.
This document discusses the negative impacts of educational disadvantage on students. Research shows students from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to struggle during and after schooling, having lower attendance, achievement, and attainment. While debates exist around the causes of the link between socioeconomic status and educational outcomes, studies consistently find adverse effects for disadvantaged students compared to their peers in areas like attendance, achievement and attainment. The document examines research on these impacts both generally and in the Australian context.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dissertation Chair for Steven Norfleet, Disserta...William Kritsonis
This document outlines Steven Norfleet's dissertation defense for a mixed methods study on school practices that promote African American student achievement. The study examined how African American students describe their experiences with correlates of effective schools, and how those correlates relate to student achievement in developmental math courses. The defense covers background on the achievement gap problem, purpose/problem statements, significance of studying this issue, the conceptual model drawing on effective schools research, research questions, and a review of relevant literature.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education. The researcher will use a concurrent mixed methods approach to explore personal, social, and academic factors through a survey and interviews of 300 students at a historically black college. The study aims to determine if academic support programs and family educational background relate to retention and graduation rates. Results could inform the development of credit and non-credit programs to better engage and support adult male learners of African descent.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education using a mixed methods approach. The researcher will explore personal, social, and academic factors through a concurrent quantitative and qualitative study involving surveys and interviews of 300 students at a historically black college. The study aims to determine if academic support programs relate to increased enrollment and engagement for adult male learners of African descent. Results could help advocate for support programs to increase retention and graduation rates.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education. The researcher will use a concurrent mixed methods approach to explore personal, social, and academic factors through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The study hypothesizes that student engagement programs increase retention and graduation rates. It will survey 300 students at a historically black college on their experiences with support services and reasons for opting out of college. The goal is to identify interventions that increase retention of non-traditional adult male learners of African descent.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education. The researcher will use a concurrent mixed methods approach to explore personal, social, and academic factors through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews of 300 students at a historically black college. The study aims to determine if academic support programs and family support relate to increased enrollment and persistence. Results could inform the development of credit and non-credit courses to engage and support adult male learners of African descent.
Does it Matter? Effects of Language Programs on Hispanic Academic Achievement...William Kritsonis
Does it Matter? Effects of Language Programs on Hispanic Academic Achievement by Dr. Maria Hinojosa and Luz Elena Martinez - Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief
IERC 2014: Retention of Talented STEM Students in the Illinois Higher Educati...Christopher Kolar
This study examined initial undergraduate outcomes from graduates of the IMSA classes of 2006-10. Using degree data from the National Student Clearinghouse for 633 graduates, researchers investigated relationships between college sector, field of study, and individual-level variables such as gender and race.
This article discusses two major challenges facing public schools: teacher quality and student achievement. It notes that the No Child Left Behind Act has increased pressures around these issues. Specifically, it points out that teacher shortages exist in certain subject areas, especially in urban and rural schools serving low-income students. It also discusses the rise of alternative certification programs to help address these shortages. The article concludes that teacher quality and student achievement are crucial issues that will be profoundly impacted by the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act.
This study explored the gender gap in academic achievement in Malaysia by examining PMR exam results and learning styles of 411 Malaysian secondary students. The study found that females achieved significantly higher results than males in the PMR exams. It also found most students had active, visual, and sequential learning styles, but found no significant differences in learning styles between genders. However, gender, sensing learning style, and visual learning style were found to significantly predict academic achievement, suggesting accommodating these learning styles could help narrow the gender gap. Addressing the gender gap is important for developing human capital and workforce gender balance in Malaysia.
Residential Math and Science High SchoolsKyle Guzik
Governor's schools are selective residential and non-residential high schools focused on STEM fields that offer accelerated learning opportunities. While praised for their academic rigor, they have also been criticized as elitist and not representative of their communities. Two studies profile the student demographics, curriculum, and partnerships of various governor's schools. They find the schools offer extensive advanced math and science courses and research opportunities. However, admission is highly competitive, with requirements similar to universities. While graduates see success, the selective nature means the schools may not benefit all students.
This document summarizes research on school dropout rates in the Philippines and Turkey. It defines school dropout and identifies factors that influence dropout rates such as individual characteristics, family/community influences, and economic pressures. In the Philippines, dropout rates remain high in some regions due to conflict, natural disasters, and economic challenges. Boys have higher dropout rates than girls. In Turkey, most students drop out because they exceed the mandatory school age. Family and economic pressures also influence dropout rates.
A comparative study of public versus private primary schools,Alexander Decker
This document compares the performance of public and private primary schools in rural areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir). It finds that private schools generally perform better than public schools across various measures of performance, except for a few measures. Both public and private schools still lack adequate human and material resources to provide a quality education. The document reviews several other studies that have also found private schools tend to outperform public schools on factors like school facilities, teacher absenteeism, school administration, and teacher job satisfaction. However, both public and private schools in the region face challenges in ensuring a high standard of education.
Pisa and performance of us 15 year olds in reading, math n sc in an internati...Nur Raieda Ainul Maslih
The document provides highlights from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) regarding the performance of U.S. 15-year-olds in reading literacy, mathematics literacy, and science literacy compared to other participating countries. Key findings include: the U.S. average score in reading literacy was not significantly different from the OECD average; in mathematics, the U.S. average was lower than the OECD average; and in science, the U.S. average was not significantly different from the OECD average. The report also provides data on gender, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic gaps in student performance within the U.S.
The document discusses the literacy crisis facing American adolescents, with fewer than one third of eighth graders reading at a proficient level according to national assessments. Multiple statistics are provided showing that millions of students in grades 4-12 read below grade level, limiting their ability to succeed in high school, college, and careers. The document argues that greater investment is needed in reading and writing instruction for older students in order to help struggling readers catch up and avoid squandering resources spent on early literacy education.
1. A study analyzed test score data from Afghan girls in grades 4-9 to examine the relationship between grade level and learning outcomes.
2. They found that higher grade levels did not correlate with meaningful improvements in numeracy or literacy skills, indicating a "flat learning profile."
3. This suggests that simply enrolling more girls in Afghan schools may not meaningfully improve cognitive development or women's socioeconomic status without also addressing low school quality.
Causes of Low Achievement of University' Students from Their Points of Viewijejournal
The aim of the study was to investigate the causes of low achievement from student’s points of view for
both sexes by various levels and faculties.(106) students took place in the at Al-Ahliyya Amman University
(AAU).
A questionnaire was formed and applied, after its validity and reliability were verified. The study resulted
in following points :-
The weight of low achievement causes are moderate in four dimensions (Faculty member , students ,
methods of assessment, course content)while the weight of family factors dimension was high. There are no
significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in low achievement causes according to gender, the level of
study and according to the faculty specialization in three dimensions (Faculty member , methods of
assessment, Course content)while there are significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in two
dimensions (students and family factors )in behalf of engineering faculty) .
This document provides a summary of supplemental educational services (SES) in New Mexico during the 2007-2008 school year. Key findings include:
- Only 41.2% of students receiving SES tutoring could be evaluated for changes in academic achievement due to a lack of test score data. Completion rates for tutoring sessions were low, with a mean of 13 sessions out of the recommended 26-40 sessions.
- Students receiving SES tutoring did not experience statistically significant gains in reading or math proficiency compared to similar students who did not receive tutoring.
- Analysis identified three problem areas with service delivery: low completion rates, a need for improved communication between tutors and teachers, and a lack
Alex Torrez, PhD Proposal Power Pt, Dr. W.A. Kritsonis, Dissertation ChairWilliam Kritsonis
This document outlines a dissertation proposal examining the impact of smaller learning communities (SLCs) on closing achievement gaps among student populations in Texas high schools. The proposal includes an introduction, purpose, research questions, methodology, and literature review. If implemented, the study would analyze achievement, attendance, and completion/dropout data from 25 Texas high schools that have implemented career-themed SLCs compared to 25 traditional high schools. Statistical analysis would be used to determine if differences exist between SLC and traditional school models.
Jedlicka, keith the persistence of teacher under utilitzatrion of computer te...William Kritsonis
This document discusses the persistent underutilization of computer technologies in classrooms despite investments in infrastructure and training. Some key reasons for this include the lack of time for teachers to learn new technologies and develop technology-integrated lessons, insufficient access to up-to-date hardware and software in classrooms, and lack of ongoing technical support and professional development for teachers. Standardized testing pressures also discourage teachers from spending class time on technological approaches not directly related to test content. Overcoming these barriers, such as providing dedicated time and support for teachers, is necessary to increase effective educational technology integration.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education using a mixed methods approach. The researcher will explore personal, social, and academic factors through a concurrent quantitative and qualitative study involving surveys and interviews of 300 students at a historically black college. The study aims to determine if academic support programs relate to increased enrollment and engagement for adult male learners of African descent. Results could help advocate for support programs to increase retention and graduation rates.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education. The researcher will use a concurrent mixed methods approach to explore personal, social, and academic factors through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. The study hypothesizes that student engagement programs increase retention and graduation rates. It will survey 300 students at a historically black college on their experiences with support services and reasons for opting out of college. The goal is to identify interventions that increase retention of non-traditional adult male learners of African descent.
This research proposal aims to study factors that affect retention rates among non-traditional adult learners of African descent in higher education. The researcher will use a concurrent mixed methods approach to explore personal, social, and academic factors through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews of 300 students at a historically black college. The study aims to determine if academic support programs and family support relate to increased enrollment and persistence. Results could inform the development of credit and non-credit courses to engage and support adult male learners of African descent.
Does it Matter? Effects of Language Programs on Hispanic Academic Achievement...William Kritsonis
Does it Matter? Effects of Language Programs on Hispanic Academic Achievement by Dr. Maria Hinojosa and Luz Elena Martinez - Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief
IERC 2014: Retention of Talented STEM Students in the Illinois Higher Educati...Christopher Kolar
This study examined initial undergraduate outcomes from graduates of the IMSA classes of 2006-10. Using degree data from the National Student Clearinghouse for 633 graduates, researchers investigated relationships between college sector, field of study, and individual-level variables such as gender and race.
This article discusses two major challenges facing public schools: teacher quality and student achievement. It notes that the No Child Left Behind Act has increased pressures around these issues. Specifically, it points out that teacher shortages exist in certain subject areas, especially in urban and rural schools serving low-income students. It also discusses the rise of alternative certification programs to help address these shortages. The article concludes that teacher quality and student achievement are crucial issues that will be profoundly impacted by the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act.
This study explored the gender gap in academic achievement in Malaysia by examining PMR exam results and learning styles of 411 Malaysian secondary students. The study found that females achieved significantly higher results than males in the PMR exams. It also found most students had active, visual, and sequential learning styles, but found no significant differences in learning styles between genders. However, gender, sensing learning style, and visual learning style were found to significantly predict academic achievement, suggesting accommodating these learning styles could help narrow the gender gap. Addressing the gender gap is important for developing human capital and workforce gender balance in Malaysia.
Residential Math and Science High SchoolsKyle Guzik
Governor's schools are selective residential and non-residential high schools focused on STEM fields that offer accelerated learning opportunities. While praised for their academic rigor, they have also been criticized as elitist and not representative of their communities. Two studies profile the student demographics, curriculum, and partnerships of various governor's schools. They find the schools offer extensive advanced math and science courses and research opportunities. However, admission is highly competitive, with requirements similar to universities. While graduates see success, the selective nature means the schools may not benefit all students.
This document summarizes research on school dropout rates in the Philippines and Turkey. It defines school dropout and identifies factors that influence dropout rates such as individual characteristics, family/community influences, and economic pressures. In the Philippines, dropout rates remain high in some regions due to conflict, natural disasters, and economic challenges. Boys have higher dropout rates than girls. In Turkey, most students drop out because they exceed the mandatory school age. Family and economic pressures also influence dropout rates.
A comparative study of public versus private primary schools,Alexander Decker
This document compares the performance of public and private primary schools in rural areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir). It finds that private schools generally perform better than public schools across various measures of performance, except for a few measures. Both public and private schools still lack adequate human and material resources to provide a quality education. The document reviews several other studies that have also found private schools tend to outperform public schools on factors like school facilities, teacher absenteeism, school administration, and teacher job satisfaction. However, both public and private schools in the region face challenges in ensuring a high standard of education.
Pisa and performance of us 15 year olds in reading, math n sc in an internati...Nur Raieda Ainul Maslih
The document provides highlights from the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) regarding the performance of U.S. 15-year-olds in reading literacy, mathematics literacy, and science literacy compared to other participating countries. Key findings include: the U.S. average score in reading literacy was not significantly different from the OECD average; in mathematics, the U.S. average was lower than the OECD average; and in science, the U.S. average was not significantly different from the OECD average. The report also provides data on gender, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic gaps in student performance within the U.S.
The document discusses the literacy crisis facing American adolescents, with fewer than one third of eighth graders reading at a proficient level according to national assessments. Multiple statistics are provided showing that millions of students in grades 4-12 read below grade level, limiting their ability to succeed in high school, college, and careers. The document argues that greater investment is needed in reading and writing instruction for older students in order to help struggling readers catch up and avoid squandering resources spent on early literacy education.
1. A study analyzed test score data from Afghan girls in grades 4-9 to examine the relationship between grade level and learning outcomes.
2. They found that higher grade levels did not correlate with meaningful improvements in numeracy or literacy skills, indicating a "flat learning profile."
3. This suggests that simply enrolling more girls in Afghan schools may not meaningfully improve cognitive development or women's socioeconomic status without also addressing low school quality.
Causes of Low Achievement of University' Students from Their Points of Viewijejournal
The aim of the study was to investigate the causes of low achievement from student’s points of view for
both sexes by various levels and faculties.(106) students took place in the at Al-Ahliyya Amman University
(AAU).
A questionnaire was formed and applied, after its validity and reliability were verified. The study resulted
in following points :-
The weight of low achievement causes are moderate in four dimensions (Faculty member , students ,
methods of assessment, course content)while the weight of family factors dimension was high. There are no
significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in low achievement causes according to gender, the level of
study and according to the faculty specialization in three dimensions (Faculty member , methods of
assessment, Course content)while there are significant differences at the level of a≤ 0.05 in two
dimensions (students and family factors )in behalf of engineering faculty) .
This document provides a summary of supplemental educational services (SES) in New Mexico during the 2007-2008 school year. Key findings include:
- Only 41.2% of students receiving SES tutoring could be evaluated for changes in academic achievement due to a lack of test score data. Completion rates for tutoring sessions were low, with a mean of 13 sessions out of the recommended 26-40 sessions.
- Students receiving SES tutoring did not experience statistically significant gains in reading or math proficiency compared to similar students who did not receive tutoring.
- Analysis identified three problem areas with service delivery: low completion rates, a need for improved communication between tutors and teachers, and a lack
Alex Torrez, PhD Proposal Power Pt, Dr. W.A. Kritsonis, Dissertation ChairWilliam Kritsonis
This document outlines a dissertation proposal examining the impact of smaller learning communities (SLCs) on closing achievement gaps among student populations in Texas high schools. The proposal includes an introduction, purpose, research questions, methodology, and literature review. If implemented, the study would analyze achievement, attendance, and completion/dropout data from 25 Texas high schools that have implemented career-themed SLCs compared to 25 traditional high schools. Statistical analysis would be used to determine if differences exist between SLC and traditional school models.
Jedlicka, keith the persistence of teacher under utilitzatrion of computer te...William Kritsonis
This document discusses the persistent underutilization of computer technologies in classrooms despite investments in infrastructure and training. Some key reasons for this include the lack of time for teachers to learn new technologies and develop technology-integrated lessons, insufficient access to up-to-date hardware and software in classrooms, and lack of ongoing technical support and professional development for teachers. Standardized testing pressures also discourage teachers from spending class time on technological approaches not directly related to test content. Overcoming these barriers, such as providing dedicated time and support for teachers, is necessary to increase effective educational technology integration.
This study investigated the effects of individual counseling using Rational Emotive Therapy (RET) and Client-Centered Approach (CCA) on the social adjustment of registered widows in Rivers State, Nigeria. 60 widows were assigned to 3 experimental groups that received either RET, CCA, or a combination of RET/CCA counseling, and 1 control group. Counseling lasted 12 weeks. Results found that the experimental groups showed significantly improved social adjustment compared to the control group based on pre-test and post-test scores. RET counseling was the most effective approach at enhancing social adjustment among the widows. The study concluded that individual counseling can effectively help remedy social adjustment issues for widows.
Este documento presenta información sobre dos editoriales académicas, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) y University of Chicago Press. PNAS es la revista oficial de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de EE. UU. que cubre ampliamente las ciencias biológicas, físicas y sociales. University of Chicago Press es una de las editoriales más grandes y antiguas en humanidades y ciencias sociales en EE. UU. El documento también incluye detalles sobre suscripciones, áreas temáticas, tarifas y contacto.
British photographer Carl Warner creates landscape images called "foodscapes" using various food ingredients found in a typical kitchen. The foodscapes depict scenes like forests, beaches, and submarines made entirely from fruits, vegetables, cheeses, pastas, and breads. Warner spends hours arranging the food pieces on an 8ft by 4ft table to realistically portray three-dimensional landscapes. He takes the photos in stages to prevent the fresh foods from wilting. Warner hopes the foodscapes will promote healthy eating, especially for children.
This document discusses using assistive technology to help students with autism. It describes using digital picture cues as visual aids for students who are visual learners, rely on adults, and learn sequentially. Data is presented showing that for one student named Matthew, using picture cues to prompt replacing a trash bag and taking it to the dumpster reduced the number of needed prompts from adults and increased his ability to complete steps independently.
This is created by our students and is a slideshow of our Y8 Camp to Camp Bentzon for 2008. The students who produced this are from Tamaki Intermediate, Auckland, New Zealand. Our blogpage is tamakitoday.blogspot.com - your more than welcome to come and check it out!
Presentación en Congreso de Bibliotecas Universitarias y Especilizadas 27 y 28 de mayo de 2014, organizado por SISIB U. de Chile.
http://bibliotecas.uchile.cl/congreso/programa/index.html
Get the most out of your LinkedIn Profile for Digital Enterprise ProgramRhys Moult
Get the most out of your LinkedIn Profile.
LinkedIn is growing by 30000 Australians every week. Connect your social media services. Tweet from linkedIn. Get a LinkedIn company page.
This document discusses Hokkaido, Japan and New Zealand by mentioning their flags, national animals, foods, and the city of Sapporo in Hokkaido which hosts a snow festival featuring Japanese food in contrast with New Zealand food from the country of New Zealand.
The Waikato River is the longest river in New Zealand, running 425 km from Lake Taupo to empty into the Tasman Sea. It has significant cultural importance to the Tainui iwi and is a source of their mana. The river provides hydroelectric power, generating 13% of New Zealand's electricity, and was an important transportation route. However, studies have shown that 75% of bacterial contamination in the river comes from dairy farm runoff, with many farms allowing livestock direct access to streams. While the city of Hamilton also impacts water quality, dairying has been identified as the primary contributor to unacceptable pollution levels in the Waikato River.
Alex Torrez & William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Article: National Impact for Pre...William Kritsonis
Alex Torrez & William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Article: National Impact for Pre-Implementation of Smaller Learning Communities - Published in the NATIONAL FORUM: NATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH, 5(1) 2008.
Currently (2011), Alex Torrez is Assistant Superintendent of Schools for the Clear Creek Independent School District, Houston, Texas.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis is a Professor (Tenured) and teaches in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership at PVAMU/Member of the Texas A&M University System.
Blackbourn,two unique organizational communication systems blackbourn-done focusWilliam Kritsonis
Two unique organizational communication systems are described that were designed to facilitate feedback and continuous improvement. The "Who has the Dean's Ear?" suggestion box at a university's School of Education received an average of 60 submissions per month over four years. The "Express to the Top" program at a local business encouraged employee feedback and suggestions to improve communication and performance. Both systems provided a simple, novel way for internal and external stakeholders to give input and received a personal response, which helped generate ongoing participation. The article recommends such feedback systems as models for enhancing organizational communication and service.
Measuring Software: From Data to Actionable KnowledgeRadu Marinescu
Presented at SAM 2015 (2nd International Workshop on Software Architecture and Metrics): http://www.sei.cmu.edu/community/sam2015/speakers/
Nowadays we have tools that compute a myriad of metrics and throw at us thousands of warnings. Managers are gazing ecstatically at complex dashboards full of complex and vividly colored charts and trend lines. Sophisticated "technical debt calculators" are converting, with great boldness, internal quality issues to scary financial figures. With such an impressive arsenal of methodologies, techniques, and tools, software projects should be under full control. Except they are not! Often, metrics leave us clueless on how to improve the quality of our software; even worse, following blindly the goal of fixing some metric values usually leads to a degradation of a system's quality. In this talk, I will share some of the practical lessons learned on how to use software metrics to actually improve a system's design. I will also discuss the need to find new ways of correlating the various sources of information about a project, in order to move from raw data to insightful knowledge that can lead to real improvement actions.
This article discusses the issues and challenges faced by English Language Learners (ELLs) in public schools, particularly in Texas. It analyzes how standardized testing required by the No Child Left Behind Act has both positive and negative consequences, or "washback effects", for ELLs. While high-stakes testing is meant to improve outcomes for at-risk students like ELLs, it can also increase dropout rates, referrals to special education, and fail to account for the impact of student demographics on school performance rankings. The article calls for more data on both the intended and unintended consequences of standardized testing on ELLs and schools with large ELL populations.
This document discusses the impact of high-stakes testing on English language learners in Texas public schools and the implications for the rest of the nation. It analyzes issues faced by ELL students and schools that educate large numbers of ELLs. While standardized tests are meant to improve achievement, they may not accurately measure learning for ELLs. The No Child Left Behind Act requires standardized testing but provides some flexibility. Research is needed on both positive and negative effects of testing on ELLs. The document also discusses accountability pressures on schools from high-stakes testing and ensuring learning is measurable.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the challenges faced by English Language Learners (ELLs) in Texas public schools and the implications for the rest of the nation. It discusses 8 key issues: 1) ELLs have not achieved the same standards as native English speakers; 2) the positive and negative impacts ("washback") of high-stakes standardized tests on ELLs; 3) concerns around using the National Assessment of Educational Progress as a federal testing program; 4) the 4 key accountability elements of the No Child Left Behind Act; 5) increased demands for public school accountability; 6) the Act's focus on measuring achievement in core subjects; 7) analyzing learning outcomes through standardized test scores;
This document summarizes a presentation about two Title 1 charter schools that have achieved academic success with high-poverty students. The presentation aims to provide research on effective practices and allow discussion between secure care school staff. It describes the background of poverty's impact on education and the schools' demographics. The findings address the research questions about the schools' success factors, such as tutoring programs, high expectations, smaller class sizes, and preparing students for college while in high school.
The document summarizes a presentation on two effective Title 1 charter schools in Phoenix, Arizona. It discusses how the schools help high-poverty students achieve academic success. Both schools implement programs like tutoring, data-driven curriculum adjustments, and high expectations to increase test scores and prepare students for college. The schools' small size, flexibility as charters, and college preparatory models also contribute to their success with students from low-income backgrounds.
Taxonomy of Research on At-Risk StudentsJohn Charles
This document provides a summary of research on at-risk students in higher education. It begins by defining at-risk students as those who face dangers of attrition due to academic, pedagogical, or non-academic risk factors. The document then reviews literature on at-risk students and identifies three main categories of risk factors: 1) academic, 2) socio-economic, and 3) emotional/psychological. It aims to develop a taxonomy of at-risk students by examining these risk factors in depth and identifying ways to improve support for such students.
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2Trident International University .docxbudabrooks46239
EDD614ASSIGNMENTCASE2
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 614
Assignment Case 2
Dr. James Hodges
February 10, 2020
“Impact of Poverty on the Education Success of Children”
Background
Education is one of the most fundamental rights across the world. However, access to education continues to vary cross different communities, cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Numerous studies have attempted to explore the causes of variations in access and successful educational outcomes across different groups of people. Riedi, Dawn and Kim (2017) state that learners with the capacity to deliver high academic performance exist in all income levels across the United States. Nonetheless, the success rates of learners from low-income backgrounds continue to be lower than their wealthy counterparts. While the dropout rates have reduced phenomenally from low-income neighborhoods, children from wealthy families still register the lowest dropout rates. Level of income coupled with gender factors may also play a role in school dropout rates or low academic performance for children from poor backgrounds. A longitudinal qualitative study undertaken by Ramanaik et al. (2018) found that for many poor families, girls’ domestic tasks came at the cost of schooling with greater concerns regarding the need to safeguard their sexual purity. Furthermore, with the rising desire of the girls’ educational and career goals, parents often encourage girls’ agencies to communicate openly both at home and in school. Children from poor households are also less motivated to work harder in school compared to their contemporaries from wealthy backgrounds. Friels (2016) observes that scholars have tried to make efforts towards exploring the influence of poverty on student success. According to Friels (2016), a combination of factors such as poverty, race and ethnicity have been the defining indicators of student academic attainment. For instance, African American children from low-income neighborhoods continue to face challenges such as low classroom attendance and dropout rates compared to their peers from financial stable backgrounds. In light of the above, this qualitative study will investigate the effects of poverty on educational success in children.
Research Problem
The indicators of academic achievements are often widely recognized across different sides of the scholarly divide. They include hard work, student competence and abilities, school culture, as well as teachers’ competencies. While these factors have been expansively identified and explored by scholars, one major area of research has often been overlooked: the extent to which poverty or level of income impacts educational outcomes for children. Renth, Buckley and Pucher (2015) observe that even though studies exist on this problematic area of knowledge, there have been minimal qualitative explorations on the influence of poverty on children’s educational outcomes. For instance, major qualit.
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1. DOCTORAL FORUM
NATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH
VOLUME 1, NUMBER 1, 2006
1
A National Perspective: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of
The Impact of High Stakes Testing on English
Language Learners In Major Urban High Schools in
Texas
Arthur L Petterway
PhD Program Student in Educational
Leadership
Prairie View A&M University
Assistant Principal
Stephen F. Austin High School
Houston Independent School District
Houston, Texas
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Professor
PhD Program in Educational Leadership
Prairie View A&M University
Distinguished Alumnus (2004)
Central Washington University
College of Education and Professional Studies
Visiting Lecturer (2005)
Oxford Round Table
University of Oxford, Oxford, England
ARCL – Harvard Leadership Institute (2006)
Harvard Graduate School of Education
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to analyze the issues and challenges faced by
English Language Learners (ELLs) and the public schools that absorb them. Ample
research has been conducted on the intrinsic validity of standardized assessments,
and separately, on the factors affecting the assimilation and integration of ELLs.
However, the reliability of these assessments as a universally applied tool to measure
student learning, and as a basis for determining school performance needs to be
more closely examined. Quantitative data for this research will be gathered from ten
(10) high schools in the major urban independent school districts located in Texas.
Qualitative data will be derived from an on-line questionnaire focusing on
respondents’ views and opinions about the varied ways in which standardized
assessments impact English Language Learners.
2. DOCTORAL FORUM
NATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH
2__________________________________________________________________________________________
he purpose of this article is to discuss the issues and related challenges faced by
English Language Learners (ELLs) and the public schools they attend. For years
English language learners (ELLs) have been subjected to educational systems that
did not expect them to achieve to the same standards as their native English speaking
peers (Winograd, 2002). While we know that it can take several years to acquire the
second language skills needed to be successful in school (Collier, 1989), too often
English language learners who were born in the U.S. were still in English as a second
language (ESL) classes and far behind grade level in the content areas by the time they
reached high school (Freeman & Freeman, 2002).
One aspect that should be considered for this failure to reach grade level
requirements is that language may be viewed as a factor of identity. It is possible that
minority groups are insistent on retaining their ethnic language, as their “first”, and hold
English proficiency more as an elective instead of an indispensable learning tool, which
might render life in the adopted society only as slightly more convenient. If this is the
case, schools are being held accountable for the consequences of a socio-cultural
phenomenon that is beyond their limited powers to address.
Public schools are under close scrutiny. Since they are supported by public funds,
there is an increasing demand for accountability. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
now requires all students to be accounted for in any state’s assessment system, although
that has not always been the case (Abedi, 2004). School districts are now required to
clearly demonstrate that they deserve, and effectively utilize public funding. In itself, this
is not a disturbing trend. Institutions that are wholly or partly supported by tax money
should be accountable to the public that they have been created to serve. This is
essentially a consequence of democracy. A government that is created by, and for the
people, is so unlike an aristocracy that is not required to serve a constituency beyond the
guarantee of protection from marauders or invading armies. The system of government
that we have empowers the government to undertake measures that guarantee the
common good. This goes beyond the guarantee of physical safety, since the term
“common good” has a wider application, and implies a calculated sensitivity to every
citizen’s pursuit of happiness. Thus, while education is not categorized as a fundamental
right, it is perceived as primary among a bundle of values essential for every person’s
quest for fulfillment and happiness. This explains why there is little argument about
whether the government should be involved in education at all, and whether this is an
endeavor better left to the private sector.
The government’s involvement in the serious business of education opens a wide
avenue for the analysis and evaluation of results. In today’s world, it is not enough that
public schools have adequate facilities, although this constitutes one level of analysis. It
is important that schools are safe and teachers are qualified, although in the hierarchy of
priorities considered for evaluating schools, these outcomes are not standard. Schools are
judged principally based on the amount of learning that takes place in their classrooms,
and being an internal act, the evidence of learning is analyzed from scores students obtain
on standardized assessments.
T
3. ARTHUR PETTERWAY AND WILLIAM KRITSONIS
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Institutions are now facing an ever-increasing demand for accountability. Public
schools have not been spared this trend, and there is pressure from every conceivable
corner to make public schools accountable to their stakeholders. This means that it is not
enough for students to learn in school. It is equally important that learning should occur
in ways that are measurable. If students are unable to demonstrate what they have
learned, it is presumed that no learning took place at all. The time when public schools
are allowed to operate without proven success is over. Thus, it is appropriate to inquire
about the valid manifestations of success and learning, and how they may actually be
measured. Cultural construct renders school rankings flawed to a certain extent since they
become less accurate as a measure of the faculty and administration’s performance.
Instead, they become unintended indicators of the ethnicity of the students to which
schools cater.
High stakes assessment systems are meant to bring attention to the needs of ELLs,
among others, who are most at risk of not reaching the educational goals set for them
(Anderson, 2004). But what results do statewide accountability tests really produce for
ELLs (Anderson, 2004)? Assessment systems usually produce both positive and negative
consequences (Anderson, 2004). The positive and negative consequences of assessments
are what is called ‘washback’ (Alderson & Wall, 1993), or how the results of an
assessment affect the stakeholders taking the test (Anderson, 2004).
While quantifiable washback effects such as increased dropout rates or increased
referral to Special Education have been researched, assessment washback is more
complicated than numbers alone can tell us (Anderson, 2004). Students who qualify for
Special Education may be allowed to take alternative assessments in lieu of the Texas
Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS). It is interesting to note that while the
number of African-American students and Hispanic students are over-present in Special
Education, about eight to nine percent of ELLs are identified as receiving Special
Education services in the United States (D’Emilio, 2003; June; Zehler, Fleischman,
Hopstock, Pendzick, & Stepherson, 2003). While these assessments are not on grade
level, schools are expected to demonstrate that, based on students’ scores on alternative
assessments, improvement in academic performance is taking place. Data are needed that
tell us more about the full range of intended and unintended consequences occurring in
schools today (Anderson, 2004). Since school rankings affect student and faculty morale,
they serve more as a force for the preservation of the status quo, than a force that drive
improvement in student performance. Thus a school that works hard to ensure that
learning occurs, and that their students progress academically, but which has a large
proportion of ELLs, will risk being ranked as underperforming because the measure used
to evaluate its performance is blind to this important demographic fact.
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) was initiated as a
federal testing program at about the same time when ESEA came into existence. NAEP
was tasked to report how the nation’s students were performing on selected items at the
three grade levels --- 4th
, 8th
and 12th
. Brennan (2004) reported that there were fears that
the NAEP might become a “high-stakes federal testing program” found in some
European countries. He explained that, “to help preclude that possibility, it was written
into law that NAEP could not report scores for individual students” (p.2). The NAEP
evolved through the 1980s and early 1990s from a reporting of item scores to test scores
4. DOCTORAL FORUM
NATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PUBLISHING AND MENTORING DOCTORAL STUDENT RESEARCH
4__________________________________________________________________________________________
and then, on a trial basis, to a reporting of scores that addressed achievement levels
(below basic, basic, proficient, and advanced). It is currently used to confirm state NCLB
testing results which, according to Brennan, “is the de facto elevation of NAEP to a
federally-mandated high-stakes testing program” (p.9).
Through the NCLB Act, policymakers in Washington seek to raise academic
achievement in the nation by requiring schools to assess all students on specified content
areas and report their progress toward proficiency. Focus of NCLB is on core academic
subjects as defined in the law: “The term ‘core academic subjects’ means English,
reading or language arts, mathematics, science, foreign language, civics, and government,
economics, arts, history, and geography” (U.S. Department of Education, 2002).
The premise of NCLB is that our nation’s schools are failing, and therefore is
necessary. To raise the achievement of all students in the nation and eliminate the
achievement gap seen among students differentiated by race, ethnicity, poverty,
disability, and English proficiency is the purpose of NCLB. Since this act redefines, the
federal role in education policy which has traditionally been a state responsibility, it
merits the attention of educators, parents and citizens. Also, because the NCLB Act has
an impact on the teaching and the learning of the core content areas, including languages,
language educators need to be informed about it.
There are four key elements in the NCLB Act (Rosenbusch, 2005):
(a) Accountability. States are required to establish a definition of student
proficiency in the core academic subjects of Reading/Language Arts,
Mathematics and Science through prescribed indicators and set a timetable to
bring all students in all subgroups up to the defined levels of proficiency by 2013-
2014. The school must report to parents their child’s progress in each targeted
academic subject annually, and the state is required to report the results of
students’ performance on the annual tests for every public school to parents and
the community. Schools that fail to meet state-defined Adequate Yearly Progress
(AYP) toward their defined goals for two years are identified as needing
improvement. Schools that have not met AYP after four years are subject to
restructuring or reconstitution.
(b) Testing. States must develop and administer annual tests that define the
proficiency that all students are expected to reach in Reading/Language Arts,
Mathematics, and Science. States also must include a sample of students in fourth
and eighth grades in a biennial NAEP in Mathematics and Reading to verify state
assessments. NCLB requires that by School Year (SY) 2005-2006, each state
must measure every child’s progress in Reading and Math in each of grades 3
through 8 and at least once during grades 10 through 12. In the meantime, each
state must meet the requirements of the previous law reauthorizing ESEA (the
Improving America’s Schools act of 1994) for assessments in Reading and Math
at three grade spans (3-5; 6-9; and 10-12). By SY 2007-2008, states must also
have in place Science assessments to be administered at least once during grades
3-5; grades 6-9; and grades 10-12. Furthermore, states must ensure that districts
administer test of English proficiency to measure oral language, reading and
writing skills in English to all limited English proficient students, as of SY 2002-
2003. Students may still undergo state assessments in other subject areas (i.e.,
5. ARTHUR PETTERWAY AND WILLIAM KRITSONIS
_____________________________________________________________________________________________5
History, Geography, and Writing skills), if and when the state requires it. NCLB
requires assessments only in the areas of Reading/Language Arts, Math, and
Science.
(c) Teacher Quality. Public elementary and secondary school teachers who
teach core content areas are required to be ‘highly qualified”, which is defined as
having full state certification (maybe attained through alternate routes specified
by the state), holding a bachelor’s degree, and having demonstrated subject matter
competency as determined by the state under NCLB guidelines. States are
required to develop a plan by the end of 2005-2006 to ensure that every teacher is
highly qualified to teach in his or her core content area.
(d) Scientifically-Based Research. The NCLB Act requires that all
educational decisions be informed by scientifically-based research as defined in
the legislation. The NCLB Act funds for Reading First Grants, for example, are to
be used for methods of reading instruction backed by scientifically-based
research.
NCLB is a demanding law. The achievement goals are ambitious, and the burden
on states and districts of declaring schools in need of improvement and then imposing
sanctions on them is high. To try to meet these demands, states have a strong incentive to
keep the numbers of schools and districts not making AYP as low as possible. Unable to
change the fundamental requirements written into the law, states are using administrative
methods to lessen the numbers of schools and districts not making the AYP – confidence
intervals, indexing, and other techniques.
In conclusion, the mandates and key elements of the NCLB are geared towards
improving the achievement of students in the different public schools of the United
States. The measure of adherence is channeled through the AYP which the different
schools and districts of the different states monitor and report. High-stakes testing
becomes the measuring stick which gauges the achievement of students in the different
core subject areas. Issues and concerns were centered on the ELLs regarding the different
moves and accommodations given to this special subgroup of learners. Feedback
regarding the issues and concerns of the different studies and researches include both
positive and negative dimensions. In some areas, recommendations were given to
possibly improve a certain strategy or action.
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Abedi, J. (2004). The No Child Left Behind Act and English Language
Learners: Assessment and Accountability Issues. Educational Researcher, 33(1),
4-14.
Anderson, M. E. (2004). Intended and Unintended Consequences of
Statewide Testing for ESL Curriculum and Instruction. (UMI No. 3137152).
Brennan, R.L. (2004). Revolutions and Evolutions in Current Educational
Testing. Center for Advanced Studies in Measurement and Assessment: CASM
Research Report #6.
Collier, V.P. (1989). How Long? A Synthesis of Research on Academic Achievement in
a Second Language. TESOL Quarterly, 23(3), 509-531.
D’Emilio, T. E. (2003). LEP Student Participation in Special Education:
Over or Under-Representation? Paper Presented at the CCSSO Conference on
Large-Scale Assessment, San Antonio, Texas
Freeman, Y.S., & Freeman, D., E. 2002). Closing the Achievement Gap: How to Reach
Limited-Formal-Schooling and Long-Term English Learners. Portsmouth, NH:
Heinemann.
U.S. Dept. of Education. (1995). The Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994:
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D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Education.
Winograd, M. (2002). Equity: A Prerequisite for Reform. Principal Leadership, 2(8), 42-
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Zehler, A. M., Fleischman, H. L., Hopstock, P. J., Pendzick, M. L., &
Stephenson, T. G. (2003). Descriptive Study of Services to LEP Students and LEP
Students with Disabilities. (No. 4 Special Topic Report: Findings on Special
Education LEP. students). Arlington, Va.: Development Associates, Inc.