This document discusses C arrays. It defines an array as a collection of similar data items stored in contiguous memory locations. Arrays in C can store primitive data types like int, char, etc. The document lists advantages like code optimization and ease of traversal using for loops. Disadvantages include fixed size arrays that cannot dynamically grow. It demonstrates declaring and initializing single-dimensional arrays and accessing elements. Multi-dimensional or 2D arrays are explained as arrays of arrays to store data in table/matrix form using row and column subscripts. Functions to search, pass arrays to functions and built-in string functions like length, copy, concatenate, comparison are also covered.

2. C Array
An array is defined as the collection of similar type of
data items stored at contiguous memory locations.
Arrays are the derived data type in C programming
language which can store the primitive type of data
such as int, char, double, float, etc

3. Advantage of C Array
1) Code Optimization: Less code to the access the data.
2) Ease of traversing: By using the for loop, we can retrieve
the elements of an array easily.
3) Ease of sorting: To sort the elements of the array, we need
a few lines of code only.
4) Random Access: We can access any element randomly
using the array.
Disadvantage of C Array
1) Fixed Size: Whatever size, we define at the time of
declaration of the array, we can't exceed the limit. So, it
doesn't grow the size dynamically like LinkedList which we will
learn later.

4. Declaration of C
Array
data_type array_name[array_size];
Eg- int marks[5];

5. Initialization of C Array
marks[0]=80;
marks[1]=60;
marks[2]=70;
marks[3]=85;
marks[4]=75;
int marks[5]={20,30,40,50,60};

6. Program to declare & Initialize Array

8. Program for character Array initialization & Declaration

10. Program for addition of all array elements

11. Program to find smallest array element

12. Program for addition of all Odd array elements

13. Classification of Array

14. Single Dimentional Array Representation

16. Multidimentional Array

17. Two dimensional arrays
•At times we need to store the data in form of tables or matrices. For this, we can use the
two dimensional arrays.
•This array is specified by using two subscripts where one subscript is denoted as the row
and the other as the column.
•It is also viewed as an array of arrays.

19. 2- Dimentional Array Representation

20. Declaration of a two-dimensional array
data_type array_name [row_size] [column_size] ;
The declaration of the rows and columns is compulsory for a
two-dimensional array.
We cannot replace the row size with the column size and the
column size to row size. The proper sequence has to be
maintained
int score[3][2] ;

21. Initialization of 2D array
1. int score [3][2] ={50, 60, 70, 95, 3, 36};
2. int score [3][2] ={{50, 60} , {70,95} ,{3,36}};
3. score[0][0] = 50;
score [0][1] = 60;
score[1][0] = 70 ;
score [1][1] = 95;
score[2][0] = 3;
score [2][1] = 36;

23. 2-D Array Declaration & Initialization

24. 2-D Array Element modification

25. Program for addition of all elements in 2-D Array

26. Linear Search
A linear search, also known as a sequential search, is a method of finding an element within a
list. It checks each element of the list sequentially until a match is found or the whole list has
been searched

27. Program to search array element using Linear Search

28. Passing array to function
In C programming, you can pass an entire array to
functions In C programming, you can pass an entire array
to functions

29. Passing array to function

30. String
A string in C is array of characters.
The string can be defined as the one-dimensional array of characters terminated by a
NULL ('0’).
The string is used to manipulate text such as word or sentences.
The termination character ('0') / NULL character: -The termination character ('0') is
important in a string since it is only way to identify where the string ends.

31. Built in Functions

32. #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char a[20]="Program";
char b[20]={'P','r','o','g','r','a','m','0'};
printf("Length of string a = %d n",strlen(a));
printf("Length of string b = %d n",strlen(b));
return 0;
}
String Length (strlen)

33. #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[20] = "C programming";
char str2[20];
// copying str1 to str2
strcpy(str2, str1);
puts(str2); // C programming
return 0;
}
String Copy(strcpy)

34. #include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100] = "Welcome to ", str2[] = "RIT";
// concatenates str1 and str2
// the resultant string is stored in str1.
strcat(str1, str2);
puts(str1);
puts(str2);
return 0;
}
String Concat (strcat)

35. #include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[100] = "c programming...";
printf("%s",strupr(str1));
}
String Upper Case (strupr)

36. #include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[100] = "WELCOME TO RIT";
printf("%s",strlwr(str1));
}
String Lower Case (strlwr)

37. The strcmp() compares two strings character by character. If the strings are equal, the function retu
otherwise returns 1.
String Compare (strcmp)
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[] = "abcd", str2[] = "abCd", str3[] = "abcd";
int result;
// comparing strings str1 and str2
result = strcmp(str1, str2);
printf("strcmp(str1, str2) = %dn", result);
// comparing strings str1 and str3
result = strcmp(str1, str3);
printf("strcmp(str1, str3) = %dn", result);
return 0;
}

38. Problem statements for Lab