3. 2. Background Info
What needs to be defined?
What needs to be reviewed?
What needs to be clarified?
4. 3. Confirmation
What supports my argument?
This constitutes several
paragraphs with evidence and
warrants.
5. 4. Refutation
What will skeptics say and how will I
refute these views?
Thismay be woven into confirmation
paragraphs or as separate ones.
6. 5. Conclusion
What are the benefits or implications of
accepting my argument?
May be a call to action
May be an effect
7. The Parts of an Argument
INTRODUCTION
(Hook, Map, Thesis)
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
(Define, Clarify, Review)
CONFIRMATION
(Paragraphing support with evidence and warrants)
REFUTATION
(Counterclaims and Rebuttals)
CONCLUSION
(Benefits, Implications, Call to Action)
8. Work Cited
Adapted from Salazar, Ray. "Stop Boring
Students (and Yourself) with Five-
Paragraph Essays." Michigan
Reading Association Annual
Conference. Grand Rapids, MI. 9
Mar. 2013. Breakout Session.
