This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in architecture. It discusses some of the earliest techniques like post-and-lintel construction and Greek orders. It also outlines important Roman innovations including the arch, vault and dome as well as materials like concrete. Later developments covered include flying buttresses, the use of new industrial materials like glass and iron in structures like the Crystal Palace and Eiffel Tower, and modern architects like Gaudi known for organic designs without straight lines. It also mentions Louis Sullivan coining the term "form follows function" and Frank Lloyd Wright's consideration of the environment in buildings such as Falling Water.

1. M. Ryan
Academic Decathlon
2005-06
Architecture

2. • The art and science of designing
and constructing buildings
Architecture

3. Architects: specialists in designing
structures
Architecture

4. Architecture
One of the early architectural developments
was the use of the “post-and-lintel” method
A beam is placed horizontally
across upright posts.

5. Architecture
Ancient Greek
“Orders” (styles):
composed of a
shaft, capital, and
base. (click me)
http://www.bozzle.com/perClassicOrders.html

6. Architecture
Entablature: the top of an order; includes the
architrave, frieze, and cornice.
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/architecture/entablature.html

7. Architecture
Other key developments include the arch,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

8. Architecture
the vault,
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

9. Architecture
and the dome (my personal favorite).
http://www.arlington.k12.va.us/schools/drew/a&a/theromans.htm

10. Architecture
The arch was a purely Roman invention. An
arch is often made up of small stones called
voussoir and a large central stone called a
keystone.

11. Architecture
A series of columns is called a colonnade.
A series of arches is called an arcade.

12. Architecture
The arch, vault,
and dome are
variations of the
same concept
that allowed for
greater height
and more space
inside a
building.

13. Architecture
The Romans were great engineers. They
developed concrete as a building material,
which was used in building aqueducts, baths,
and other public works projects.

14. Architecture
http://www.m-w.com/mw/art/flyingbu.htm
Flying Buttress:
external arch that
counter-balanced the
outward thrust of the
high, vaulted ceilings.

15. Architecture
During the Industrial Revolution, many new
materials were developed: glass-- Crystal Palace
(1851)
http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1158.htm

16. Architecture
and wrought iron:
The Eiffel Tower

17. Modern Architecture
Antonio Gaudi: Spanish architect– no flat
surface or straight lines (organic)
http://www.lexised.com/architecture/gaudi/casam.html

18. Antonio Gaudi’s most
famous building: “La
Sagrada Familia”
Modern Architecture

19. Modern Architecture
The 1st
skyscraper was made in St. Louis,
MO by Louis Sullivan who coined the
expression “form follows function”.

20. Modern Architecture
Frank Lloyd Wright: American architect;
carefully considered the environment where
the building was to be constructed.
“Falling Water”
More Wright

21. Modern Architecture
Steel and concrete
are the favored
materials for
commercial type
construction.
Wood and brick
are the favored
materials for
residential
construction.